The single particle orbit code, TIBRO, has been modified extensively to improve the interpolation methods used and to allow use of vector potential fields in the simulation of charged particle orbits on a 3D domain. A 3D cubic B-spline algorithm is used to generate spline coefficients used in the interpolation. Smooth and accurate field representations are obtained. When vector potential fields are used, the 3D cubic spline interpolation formula analytically generates the magnetic field used to push the particles. This field has del.BETA = 0 to computer roundoff. When magnetic induction is used the interpolation allows del.BETA does not equal 0, which can lead to significant nonphysical results. Presently the code assumes quadrupole symmetry, but this is not an essential feature of the code and could be easily removed for other applications. Many details pertaining to this code are given on microfiche accompanying this report.

Tests are continuing on the shatter-resistant weathercase models and small samples. Two epoxy weathercase material samples are still undergoing accelerated tensile creep tests. Progress is reported on the design of the full scale prototype termination.

A survey of general considerations relating to the use of coal in US territories and trust territories of the Pacific suggests that coal is a viable option for power generation. Future coal supplies, principally from Australia and the west coast of America, promise to be more than adequate, but large bulk carriers will probably not be able to land coal directly because of inadequate port facilities. Hence, smaller than Panamax-class vessels (60,000 dwt) or some arrangement utilizing self-loading barges or lighters would have to be used. Except for Guam, with peak power requirements on the order of 175 MW/sub e/, most territories have current, albeit inadequate, installations of 1 to 25 MW/sub e/ Turnkey, conventional-coal-fired, electrical-power generating systems are available in that size range. US environmental laws are now applicable to Guam and American Samoa; the trust territories are exempt. However, the small power requirements of many small islands will qualify for exemption from the New Source Performance Standards called for in the Clean Air Act. The principal problems with coal use in the territories, apart from the shallow draft of most harbors, are the limited amount of land available and the high capital costs associated with conversion. Ocean dumping …

From abstract: This report is intended to supplement the brief interpretation of geochemical data presented in the "Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Detailed Geochemical Survey for the Edgemont South Dakota; Wyoming" report (Butz, et al, 1980).

It is the purpose of this paper to present the range of viewpoints concerning the causes of inflation. Inflation is defined and distinguished from changes' in relative prices. The Monetarist, Post-Keynesian, and neo-Keynesian positions are discussed to illustrate the variety of perceptions as to the sources of sustained increases in the general price level.

The CORCON-MOD1 core material-concrete interaction code, developed at the Sandia Laboratories for LWR safety analysis, was adapted for analyzing a postulated LMFBR core melt accident.

Various parameters of plant cell growth are being assessed under conditions where growth is being enhanced or inhibited, in order to explain at the cellular level how growth is controlled. (ACR)

This report gives details aboutpublic opinions on abortion.

Progress in mathematical and experimental studies aimed at modeling and measuring flows rates for the two-phase gases with dispersed particles turbulent flows in jets is reported. Exact transport equations of mass and momentum for the two phases, the carrier fluid's kinetic energy of turbulence and its dissipation rate have been derived for incompressible two-phase flows. The modeling of the various turbulence correlations has been completed. The finite-difference formulation of the equations is in progress at present. An outline of the work completed so far is described in the next section. In the area of clear air jet measurements, attempts were made to obtain two-dimensional measurements of clear air jet using a two-color, bragg cell shifted laser velocimeter. A complete data set for the streamwise component of mean velocity and turbulence intensity and some data for tangential velocity components were recorded and are included. These data were obtained using a recently modified software package for two-component data acquisition. In the process of the experiment, some software/hardware problems evolved which resulted in incorrect values for shear stress data as well as the tangential velocity samples. The hardware and the software for the coincidence requirement of the two components were modified and the …

GRPAUT is a modular program for performing automated Pu isotopic analysis supplied to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) per ISPO Task A.76. Section I of this user's guide for GRPAUT presents an overview of the various programs and disk files that are used in performing a Pu isotopic analysis. Section II describes the program GRFEDT which is used in creating and editing the analysis parameter file that contains all the spectroscopic information needed at runtime by GRPAUT. An example of the dialog and output of GRFEDT is shown in Appendix B. Section III describes the operation of the various GRPAUT modules: GRPNL2, the peak stripping module; EFFCH2, the efficiency calculation module; and ISOAUT, the isotopic calculation module. (A description of the peak fitting methodology employed by GRPNL2 is presented in Appendix A.) Finally, Section IV outlines the procedure for determining the peak shape constants for a detector system and describes the operation of the program used to create and edit the peak shape parameter files. An output of GRPAUT, showing an example of a complete isotopic analysis, is presented in Appendix C. Source listings of all the Fortran programs supplied to the Agency under ISPO Task A.76 are contained …

The safety-related design aspects and licensing experiences of LMFBR projects in other democratic countries have been studied and contrasted to those in the United States in order to understand the importance of different approaches to safety, and also to understand better the system of the United States. The regulatory systems and LMFBR programs of France and the United States are contrasted in detail, and that of West Germany is also studied. The programs of Japan and the United Kingdom receive considerably less attention, and that of the Soviet Union is ignored.

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The overall objective of this program is to define the effects of impurities, various thermochemical processes, and any impurity-process interactions upon the performance of terrestrial solar cells. The results of the study form a basis for silicon producers, wafer manufacturers, and cell fabricators to develop appropriate cost-benefit relationships for the use of less pure, less costly solar grade silicon. Cr is highly mobile in silicon even at temperatures as low as 600/sup 0/C. Contrasting with earlier data for Mo, Ti, and V, Cr concentrations vary from place to place in polycrystalline silicon wafers and the electrically-active Cr concentration in the polysilicon is more than an order of magnitude smaller than would be projected from single crystal impurity data. We hypothesize that Cr diffuses during ingot cooldown after groth, preferentially segregates to grain boundaries and becomes electrically deactivated. Both Al and Au introduce deep levels when grown into silicon crystals. Accelerated aging data from Ni-contaminated silicon imply that no significant impurity-induced cell performance reduction should be expected over a twenty-year device lifetime. Combined electrical bias and thermal stressing of silicon solar cells containing Nb, Fe, Cu, Ti, Cr, and Ag, respectively produces no performance loss after 100 hour exposures up to …

The approach, recommended by GE-ARSD, for confirming the achievement of LMFBR reliability goals relies upon a comprehensive understanding of the physical and operational characteristics of the system and the environments to which the system will be subjected during its operational life. This kind of understanding is required for an approach based on system hardware testing or analyses, as recommended in this report. However, for a system as complex and expensive as the LMFBR, an approach which relies primarily on system hardware testing would be prohibitive both in cost and time to obtain the required system reliability test information. By using an analytical approach, results of tests (reliability and functional) at a low level within the specific system of interest, as well as results from other similar systems can be used to form the data base for confirming the achievement of the system reliability goals. This data, along with information relating to the design characteristics and operating environments of the specific system, will be used in the assessment of the system's reliability.

The solenoid design follows closely the considerations qiven in {bar p} note 116. In particular we try to make the solenoid undivided, but with a centre tap for the cooling water. We found a variant for the centre tap, so that the two layers are now electrically in series. Due to the very long length, it seems better not to fill the clearance between return yoke and OD of the second layer with epoxy. Instead, we support and adjust the coil every 2 m with three bolts at 120 deqrees screwed in the return yoke. The latter is then supposed to be sufficiently stiff, so as to give the weaker mandrel the desired straightness. We give a positive pitch, i.e. somewhat more than the width of the copper section including insulation and tolerances. The precise pitch cannot be stated here, because the copper section will be somewhat trapezoidal. How much, depends on the winding procedure. The layers are epoxy impregnated and solidair with the mandrel. The Figures show an axial section and the construction of the central water tap. The dimensions shown are on the assumption of a free choice of the diameters of return yoke and mandrel. This may …

The first quarter results under the Department of Energy Contract DE-AC22-80PC-30295 are reported. A stirred reactor technique to simulate the early combustion environment of coal particles has been devised. An existing cold flow model has been modified to develop the operating conditions required for combustion experiments. A test matrix for the cold flow tests has been developed and the system readied for testing. The anticipated analytical measurement approaches to the combustion test phases of the program are also discussed. An initial reported set of gas phase reactions has been incorporated into the PROF code. Predictions of NO/sub x/ formation to date have exhibited good agreement with existing combustion data. Experimental data of thermal NO/sub x/ formation in the stirred reactor will be integrated with the kinetic model.

A second measurement of the event size distribution for 20 MeV neutrons was carried out at Ohio University to determine the reproducability of results. Again a significant difference between measurement and theoretical calculations by Caswell and Coyne was found. The measured fraction of events due to alpha particles was significantly lower than that predicted by the calculation of Casell and Coyne. Furthermore, the discrepancies with the theoretical calculations made by Caswell and Coyne were confirmed by measurements made with a differently designed T-E proportional counter. A non-isolated-sensor solid polystyrene calorimeter was constructed and tested during the past year. It has the advantages of, (1) simple construction, (2) simple operation, without vacuum or feedback for temperature control, (3) the capability of obtaining simultaneous measurements at different depths and azimuthal angle, and (4) the possibility of obtaining measurements with the calorimeter directed in any orientation.

A general overview of spheromak reactor characteristics, such as MHD stability, start up, and plasma geometry is presented. In addition, comparisons are made between spheromaks, tokamaks and field reversed mirrors. The computer code Sphero is also discussed. Sphero is a zero dimensional time independent transport code that uses particle confinement times and profile parameters as input since they are not known with certainty at the present time. More specifically, Sphero numerically solves a given set of transport equations whose solutions include such variables as fuel ion (deuterium and tritium) density, electron density, alpha particle density and ion, electron temperatures.

It is widely recognized that alkaline oxides, especially CaO, can be most effective in capturing sulfur in-situ. It is equally well recognized that NO/sub x/ emissions due to fuel-bound nitrogen in coal can be effectively minimized with staged combustion. Both these aspects have been demonstrated separately at Battelle and other laboratories. It is the overall objective of this program to develop the basis for optimizing sulfur capture by CaO under staged combustion. Our approach to accomplishing this goal is via an experimental and interpretative study of the chemistry and interactions of CaO under simulated and actual staged combustion conditions. In staged combustion one fires first under reducing (fuel rich) conditions prior to oxidation in the second stage. Our studies wherein coals were treated with CaO, i.e., impregnated with CaO for pulverized coal firing, or mixed and pelletized with CaO for stoker firing, suggest that conditions prevail under which CaO is first converted to CaS prior to being oxidized to CaSO/sub 4/. Since CaS has a greater thermal stability than CaSO/sub 4/, it is therefore possible to fire at temperatures above 900/sup 0/C (1650/sup 0/F) and retain sulfur under proper stoichiometric conditions. The program is aimed at defining the chemistry and …

The CaO-FeS/sub 2/ reaction was studied as a function of temperature, reaction time, Ca/S mole ratio and particle size. All reactions were carried out under a nitrogen environment. The reactions were followed principally in terms of weight loss and SO/sub 2/ emissions. The decomposition of the pyrite produces S/sub 2/ which reacts with CaO to produce SO/sub 2/ and CaS. The extent of the reaction appears to increase monotonically between 555 and 970/sup 0/C.

Five-gallon samples of naphtha, middle distillate, and heavy distillate were obtained. The middle and heavy distillate fractions were distilled into eleven 50 C-range cuts with boiling points ranging from <150/sup 0/C to >450/sup 0/C. Analyses were completed on all the samples to be used in the Task 2 pyrolysis study. Initial pyrolysis experiments using the drop-tube furnace procedure are not as satisfactory as desired. A new approach is being devised which will vaporize the sample and allow for a gas phase pyrolysis.

A safety review was made of Sections 4 through 9 of the Consolidated Safety Analysis Report (CSAR) for the GE Morris Operation spent-fuel storage facility. The sections reviewed include Design Criteria and Compliance, Facility Design and Description, Radiation Protection, Accident Analysis, and Conduct of Operations. The safety review was performed in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 72, ''Licensing Requirements for the Storage of Spent Fuel in an Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation'' and contains independent estimations of source terms and dose-commitments from postulated accidents in the storage facility and a structural analysis of the Morris Operation cranes as an appendix. The review confirms that the features of the facility as described in Sections 4 through 9 of the CSAR fulfilled the safety requirements of 10 CFR 72, and it is concluded that spent-fuel handling and storage at the Morris Operation do not present significant risks to public health and safety. 15 refs., 3 tabs.

A number of hydrocarbon producing plants are evaluated as possible sources of rubber, liquid fuels, and industrial lubricants. The plants considered are Euphorbia lathyris or gopher plant, milkweeds, guayule, rabbit brush, jojoba, and meadow foam. (ACR)

An appraisal of the use of geothermal energy for space heating requirements for selected state-owned buildings in six communities in Colorado is presented. The appraisal addresses several components of a feasibility study for geothermal applications, including resource assessment, pipeline rights-of-way, well design and drilling program, conceptual engineering designs for retrofits of building heating systems, evaluations of economic feasibility, institutional requirements, and environmental considerations. Economic feasibility is determined from evaluation of four economic measures: a simple payback period in years; twenty-year annualized system costs (geothermal system versus conventional system); total twenty-year undiscounted energy savings; and total twenty-year present value energy savings. The results of the analyses of each feasibility component are finally ranked, using a weighting system, to arrive at an order ranking of the eleven state-owned buildings for overall feasibility. The relative total feasibility rankings and the absolute evaluations of economic competitiveness with the existing conventional-fuel heating systems show that several of the state facilities are likely candidates for conversion to geothermal hot water heating systems. The best candidate by far is the Colorado State Reformatory at Buena Vista. The geothermal resource at Buena Vista (Cottonwood Canyon and Chalk Creek) is a high quality resource with high water temperatures and …