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Analysis of Preliminary Flow Data from Pleasant Bayou No. 2 Geopressured Well
The main purpose of this study is to analyze pressure drawdown and buildup data to evaulate formation parameters. In this connection, we note that the, flow periods 1 and 2 were too short (13 minutes and 184 minutes respectively) to give meaningful data for analysis purposes. Also, flow data for part of flow period 3 and pressure buildup data for practically all of buildup period 4 are missing. The complete flow and pressure drawdown/buildup data are, however, available for flow/shutin period S (flowing time - 10.5 days, shutin time - 20 days). For the aforementioned reasons, our analysis will be primarily concerned with the flow/shutin period 5.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Garg, S.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of a Downhole Flowmeter to Detecting Casing Breaks in a Geothermal Well
The downhole flowmeter logging system for high temperature geothermal wells developed at Wairakei, New Zealand, is proving to be an invaluable tool for use during workovers to repair or reinstate problem wells. This contribution describes a straightforward example of identifying breaks in plain casing near the top of a productive well.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Syms, Margot C.; Syms, Peter H. & Bixley, Paul F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 59, No. 39, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 16, 1980
Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Brown, Leon
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Benefit Analysis for Geothermal Log Interpretation
Formation evaluation is of great importance in geothermal development because of the high capital costs and the fact that successful exploration will only pay off through a subsequent decision to construct a power plant or other utilization facility. Since much formation data is available from well logging, development of new techniques of log interpretation for application to geothermal wells is called for. An analysis of potential nearterm benefits from this program and the types of formation data called for is discussed. Much useful information can be developed by adaptation of techniques used in oil and gas reservoirs, but the different demands of geothermal development from hydrocarbon production also open up new data requirements.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Rigby, F.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Boiling Heat Transfer from a Dike
Recectly, we have obtained an analytical solution for boiling heat transfer from a vertical isothermal surface in a porous medium filled with a subcooled liquid. In this paper we shall briefly summarize the results obtained, and carry out numerical computations of boiling heat transfer from a dike.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Cheng, P. & Verma, A. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Chickasha Daily Express (Chickasha, Okla.), Vol. 88, No. 227, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 16, 1980
Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Drew, Charles C.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Coleman Democrat-Voice (Coleman, Tex.), Vol. 100, No. 31, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 16, 1980
Weekly newspaper from Coleman, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Collection and Analysis of Reservoir Data from Testing and Operation of the Raft River 5 MW Power Plant
The Raft River 5 MW power plant will be on-line some time this spring. During testing of the supply and injection system prior to plant start-up and during testing of the plant itself, data can be collected and used to calibrate computer models, refine predicted drawdowns and interference effects, monitor changing temperatures, and recalculate reservoir parameters. Analytic methods have been used during reservoir testing at Raft River to calculate reservoir coefficients. However, anisotropy of the reservoir due t o fractures has not been taken into account i n these calculations and estimates of these coefficients need to be refined. From refined estimates of reservoir coefficients better predictions of interference effects and long-term drawdown in the wells can be made. In conjunction with the USGS, Faust and Mercer's 3-D finite difference model has been used to simulate the Raft River geothermal field. Intera used a 2-D simulator to predict temperatures, pressures over 30 years and movement of dissolved solids in the reservoir. Data collected during production of the field will be compared to these simulations and the models refined.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Petty, Susan
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of Two Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Reservoirs
Two hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy reservoirs were created by hydraulic fracturing of granite at 2.7 t o 3.0 km (5000 to 10000 ft ) at the Fenton Hill site, near the Valles Caldera in northern New Mexico. Both reservoirs are research reservoirs, in the sense that both are fairly small, generally yielding 5 MWt or less, and are intended to serve as the basic building blocks of commercial-sized reservoirs, consisting of 10 t o 15 similar fractures that would yield approximately 35 MWt over a 10 to 20 yr period. Both research reservoirs were created in the same well-pair, with energy extraction well number 1 (EE-1) serving as the injection well, and geothermal test well number 2 (GT-2) serving as the extraction, or production, well. Evaluation of the second reservoir was accomplished in two steps: (1) with a 23-day heat extraction experiment that began October 23, 1979, the results of which are described by Murphy (1980), and (2) a-second, longer-term heat extraction experiment still in progress, which as of November 25, 1980 has been in effect for 260 days. The results of this current experiment are compared with earlier experiments.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Murphy, H. D.; Tester, J. W. & Potter, R. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of TDS in Geothermal Systems by Well-Log Analysis
An estimate of t h e chemistry of the fluid within a geothermal reservoir is required to establish the geological source and the possible environmental impact of the fluid as well as scaling and corrosion problems which might develop during production. While a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of a geothermal fluid can only be obtained from a water sample, an estimate of the total dissolved solids (TDS) in equivalent sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration can be obtained from well logs. TDS can also be useful in geological correlation between wells. TDS can be determined directly from a pulsed neutron log and a porosity log, (if the type of formation is known), or from the water resistivity, R{sub w}, and the temperature, T. Three approaches are used to find R{sub w}, and thus TDS. The first method uses a dual induction focused log and information from the log heading. Next, is found by employing an electrical log and a porosity log. The last approach utilizes the spontaneous potential log and header data. Examples are provided to illustrate the techniques described which utilize calculated values of R{sub w} to determine TDS.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Brown, Susan L.; Gobran, Brian D. & Sanyal, Subir K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Eastern Statesman (Wilburton, Okla.), Vol. 54, No. 9, Ed. 1 Tuesday, December 16, 1980
Biweekly student newspaper from Eastern Oklahoma State College in Wilburton, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Matney, Janice K.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Effect of Measured Wellhead Parameters and Well Scaling on the Computed Downhole Conditions in Cerro Prieto Wells
This paper is devoted to the discussion of the wellbore model and its describing equations, comparison between the computed and measured pressures and the effect of measured wellhead parameters on the downhole pressures in the well. Finally a wellbore model with multiple inside diameters is discussed and the effect of well scaling on the bottom hole pressures is studied.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Goyal, K. P.; Miller, C. W. & Lippmann, M. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of Temperature and Solution Composition on the Permeability of St. Peters Sandstone: Role of Iron (III)
The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate effects of temperature and fluid composition on the permeability of quartz sandstones. We have concentrated our initial efforts on the time and flow dependence at 2 elevated temperatures (100°C, 200°C).
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Potter, J. M.; Nur, A. & Dibble Jr., W. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effect of Temperature on the Absolute Permeability to Distilled Water of Unconsolidated Sand Cores
The work presented herein is a study of the effect of temperature on the absolute permeability to distilled water of unconsolidated sandstones at one confining pressure. The absolute permeability to distilled water of Ottawa silica sand was not dependent on the temperature level.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Sageev, A.; Gobran, B.D.; Brigham, W.E. & Ramey, H.J. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Eliminating the Wellbore Response in Transient Well Test Analysis
The main purpose of this work is to show that it is possible to calculate the sandface flowrate given wellhead conditions and the downhole pressure transients. It is not necessary t o know anything about the reservoir itself. First, it is of interest to look at the nonuniform pressure changes in the well, and to illustrate nonisothermal effects on pressure transient data.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Miller, Constance W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimating Maximum Discharge of Geothermal Wells
We cannot tell how 'good' a well is unless we can estimate the maximum flow possible under such ideal conditions as complete permeability a t the production horizon and boiling point throughout the depth of the reservoir. Calculated Lip pressures for vertical wide-open discharge under these conditions are surprisingly independent of the kind of fluid tapped by the well, whether dry saturated steam or saturated hot water. The status of an actual well can be established by comparing the measured Lip pressure with the calculated theoretical maximum. Discharges are simply determined from the values of Lip pressure and supply fluid enthalpy.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
James, Russell
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Evaluation of Geopressured Brine Injectability
We-have developed an apparatus with a capability for evaluating geopressured brine injectability at elevated pressures and temperatures. The apparatus utilizes membrane filters as injection zone reservoir analogs and permits injectability tests to be performed in accordance with Barkman and Davidson Methdology. A field evaluation of geopressured brine injectability was completed during September 22-25, 1980 at the DOE, Brazoria test site in Texas. Membrane filters, with pore sizes of 0.4-{micro}m and 10.0-{micro}m, were used as the basis for obtaining suspended solids data and for developing performance-life estimates of typical spent brine injection wells. Field measurements were made at 130{degree}C and line pressures up to 3800 psig. Scale inhibited (phosphonate-polyacrylate threshold-type, carbonate scale inhibitor), prefiltered-scale-inhibited, and raw (untreated) brine were evaluated. Test results indicated raw brine was highly injectable, while scale-inhibited brine had extremely low quality. The poor injectability of scale-inhibited brine resulted from partial precipitation of the scale inhibitor.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Owen, L. B.; Blair, C. K.; Harrar, J. E. & Netherton, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fissure-Block Model for Transient Pressure Analysis in Geothermal Steam Reservoirs
At an earlier Stanford workshop, Moench (1978) presented a nonisothermal, radial flow, fissure-block, finite-difference model for geothermal steam reservoirs which was later used to simulate pressure buildup data for a steam well in Larderello, Italy (Moench and Neri, 1979). The model assumed the blocks to be impermeable but capable of conducting heat to the fissures which had been cooled by vaporization. In the present paper the model is revised to account for steam transport and vaporization within the blocks. This is a necessary consideration in order to accouht f o r the longevity of production wells i n The Geysers. The blocks, which may be i n i t i a l l y saturated w i t h l i q u i d water, are assumed t o have low i n t r i n s i c permeability and low p o r o s i t y relative to the fissures. Results computed with this finite-difference model are compared, for isothermal conditions, with the solutions of Boulton and Streltsova (1977). Under these conditions the model is similar to that of Kazemi (1969). When vaporization occurs in the blocks from a small amount of uniformly-distributed liquid …
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Moench, A. F. & Denlinger, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gas Geothermometry for Drilhole Fluids from Vapor Dominated and Hot Water Geothermal Fields
The compositions of steam from the vapor-dominated geothermal systems of Larderello, Italy and The Geysers, California have been shown by previous investigators to vary with position in the field. The most conspicuous chemical patterns observed in the Larderello and The Geysers vapor-dominated geotherrnal are strong increases or decreases from the center to the edges of constituents carried in the steam. The pattern of these parameters in vapor-dominated systems seem to be controlled mainly by a process of lateral steam movement and condensation. The condensation process, at constant temperature and total pressure increases the partial pressure of CO{sub 2} at the same rate as the gas/steam ratio, strongly affecting the composition of the total gas (including steam). The condensation effect should increase contents of CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}S, H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} in the residual steam to about the same degree because their solubilities are similar. However, the general trend observed is almost constant ratios of H{sub 2}S, H{sub 2}, CH{sub 4} to H{sub 2}O as the CO{sub 2}/H{sub 2}O ratio increases in Larderello about 5-6 times from the center to the edges at constant temperature. This means that the H{sub 2}/CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}/CO{sub 2}, and H{sub 2}S/CO{sub 2} …
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
D'Amore, Franco & Truesdall, Alfred H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geochemical Behavior of the Second Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Reservoir at Fenton Hill, New Mexico
Characteristics of a Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal reservoir were deduced by matching a geochemistry model which incorporates rock dissolution and displacement of an indigenous pore-fluid to chemical analyses of recirculating geothermal fluid. Two reservoirs were created between a pair of wells by hydraulic fracturing. The first of the reservoirs was evaluated by a 75-day flow test designated as Segment 2. Subsequent operations required the cementing of the injection well to stop a leak behind the casing, and this cementing operation closed the connection to the first reservoir. The second, larger reservoir was evaluated with two flow tests -- the first had a duration of 24 days and is c a l l e d Segment 4 and the second, called Segment 5, will end on December 19, 1980 after 284 days of operation. Present discussion w i l l be mainly concerned with the geochemistry of the second reservoir. Of particular interest in a HDR geothermal reservoir is the relationship between the mixed-mean temperature of the geothermal fluid as measured with a downhole thermistor and the temperatures given by the silica and the Na-K-Ca geochemical thermometers. As will be shown, the temperatures predicted by applying the chemical geothermometers directly …
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Grigsby, Charles O.; Trujillo, P. E., Jr.; Counce, D. A. & Aguilar, R. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Geologic, Hyrologic and Geochemical Model of the Serrazzano Zone of the Larderello Geothermal Field
The large number of nonproductive wells lying along the northern and western margins of the Larderello field have indicated some boundaries of the productive area but have also prevented us, so far, from fully understanding the pheiomena controlling the behavior of the geothermal system in these areas. In 1980 ENEL re-opened some wells that had been shut-in immediately after drilling, thus offering us the possibility to complete the geochemical picture by means of numerous samplings of steam, gas and water in both productive and nonproductive wells. Some recent physical parameters measured in nonproductive and abandoned wells also helped in further defining the hydrogeological and thermal situation.
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Calorie, C.; Celati, R.; D'Amore, F.; Squarci, P. & Truesdell, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Energy Resources can also be Tourist Resources: Lessons from Wairakei and Rotorua-Whakarewarewa, New Zealand
To date we have tended t o dedicate our geothermal systems to a single use; i.e. either as an energy source, as is the case with The Geysers field in California, or as a tourist reserve, as with Yellowstone National Park. With increased energy demand on a local scale we may wish to extract some energy i n some areas but at the same time retain the tourist attractions that these areas have. This is already the case in the Whakarewarewa-Rotorua area in New Zealand. The questions currently being asked of us with regard to that area are: "Is such combined use possible?" "How much energy will be available (or what are the energy costs of the retention of the tourist features)?" and What are the costs i n terms of the t o u r i s t f 11 e a t u r e s of various levels of energy extraction?" As these questions are almost certain to be asked elsewhere in the future it is relevant t o introduce and discuss them here. In this attempt at some answers, I will look first at our experience in the Wairakei, New Zealand, area and then discuss the …
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Donaldson, Ian G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Fields on the Volcanic Axis of Mexico
At present in Mexico, geothermal energy is receiving a great impulse due to the excellent results obtained in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field, in which a geothermoelectric plant is operated. This plant has four units of 37.5 MW each, with a total capacity of 150 MW, and under program 470 MW more by 1984. The Government Institution, Comisi6n Federal de Electricidad, is in charge of the exploration and exploitation of geothermal fields as well as construction and operation of power plants in Mexico. By this time CFE has an extensive program of exploration in the central part of Mexico, in the Eje Neovolcdnico. In this area, several fields with hydrothermal alteration are under exploration, like the Michoac6n geothermal area, where Los Azufres geothermal field is being developed. Seventeen wells have been drilled and twelve of them presented excellent results, including two dry steam wells. In other areas, such as Arar6, Cuitzeo, San Agustln del Maiz,Ixtldn de Los Hervores and Los Negritos, geological, geophysical and geochemical explorations have been accomplished, including shallow well drilling with good results. Another main geothermal area is in the State of Jalisco with an extension of 5,000 m2, where La Primavera geothermal field shows a lot …
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Mercado, S. & Gonzalez, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Reservoir Insurance Program: Evaluation of Alternatives and Assessment of Needs
In this paper we present some thoughts on a study that would help in laying the groundwork for drafting regulations for the geothermal reservoir insurance program. The objectives of this study would be 1) to assess the likelihood and the financial consequences of premature depletion of reservoirs 2) to evaluate the advantages and shortcomings of alternative schemes for reducing the financial risks of geothermal development 3) to assess the need for government-sponsored reservoir insurance programs, and 4) to delineate the areas and conditions under which a reservoir insurance program would be most useful in promoting national goals . In view of the importance of the government-funded reservoir insurance program and the complex nature of the problem, four issues must be considered in defining the scope and objectives of this study. First, the goals and expectations of the government must be specifically defined and a procedure be developed to allow for measuring the achievement of these goals. Second, the reservoir-related risk should be assessed and a framework should be developed for resolution of differences among the views expressed by segments of the industry on the likelihood of premature reservoir depletion and the financial consequences of such events. Third, given the diversity …
Date:
December 16, 1980
Creator:
Golabi, Kamal
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library