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Fusion utilization projections in the United States energy economy
The following topics are discussed in some detail in this report: (1) applications of fusion energy, (2) fusion implementation in the US energy system, (3) reactor performance requirements, (4) technology for electric applications, and (5) technology for synthetic fuel/chemical applications. (MOW)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Powell, J.R. & Fillo, J.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Secondary defects in quenched platinum
The structure of secondary defects in two different platinum purities quenched under ultra high vacuum, has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Faulted loops on (100) planes have been observed in both materials. In the less pure platinum, Pt B (but purer in terms of carbon content), the defects were observed after quenching, whereas in the purest one, Pt A (but less pure in terms of carbon content), the defects were formed after a long annealing. The Burgers vector of the loops formed after the quenching was a/3 <100> and for loops formed during long annealings, was a/2 <100>, apparently. It was found that in Pt B the loop density increased and the loop size decreased as the quenching temperature was lowered.The same effect was produced by increasing the carbon content by a small amount. The loop formation was totally inhibited by adding a larger amount of carbon and also when the quenching was performed in poor vacuum (approx. 0.01 torr) or in air. The defects can be interpreted as pure vacancy loops heterogeneously nucleated at carbon atom clusters or, as plate like precipitates of carbon atoms and vacancies formed by a co-precipitation mechanism. The discussion of the experimental results …
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Perez, M.I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Distributed energy systems: a review of related technologies
Twenty-three papers were presented at the meeting. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper. (LCL)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data report of a pretest analysis of soil-structure interaction and structural response in low-amplitude explosive testing (50 KG) of the heissdampfreaktor (HDR)
This report describes a three-dimensional nonlinear TRANAL finite element analysis of a nuclear reactor subjected to ground shaking from a buried 50 kg explosive source. The analysis is a pretest simulation of a test event which was scheduled to be conducted in West Germany on 3 November 1979.
Date:
November 29, 1979
Creator:
Vaughan, D.K.; Sandler, I.; Rubin, D.; Isenberg, J. & Nikooyeh, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of nuclear power plant siting methods
Several different methods have been developed for selecting sites for nuclear power plants. This report summarizes the basic assumptions and formal requirements of each method and evaluates conditions under which each is correctly applied to power plant siting problems. It also describes conditions under which different siting methods can produce different results. Included are criteria for evaluating the skill with which site-selection methods have been applied.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Rowe, M. D.; Hobbs, B. F.; Pierce, B. L. & Meier, P. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impact of alternate fusion fuels on fusion reactor technology: an initial assessment study. [Catalyzed D, D-/sup 3/He, p-/sup 6/Li, p-/sup 7/Li, D-/sup 6/Li, p-/sup 11/B, /sup 3/He-/sup 3/He]
The initial results of a study carried out to assess some of the technology implications of non-D-T fusion fuel cycles are presented. The primary emphasis in this report is on D-D, catalyzed-D and D-/sup 3/He fuel cycles. Tokamaks and field-reversed mirrors have been selected as sample confinement concepts. A new technique of employing neutronic computer codes to study the transport of cyclotron radiation for cases of non-uniform density and temperature profiles is described. The technology areas considered include first wall design considerations, shielding requirements, fuel cycle requirements and some safety and environmental considerations. Conclusions resulting from the study are also presented.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Baker, C. C.; Bolon, A. & Clemmer, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radian remote sampling system digital processor system. Software detail documentation: Pittsburgh Energy Research Center
Software documentation for the DART data acquisition system is provided. This system runs on a minicomputer. After an overview of the system and file structures, the various subprograms are discussed individually; flow charts are included. 37 figures. (RWR)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal derived fuel gases for molten carbonate fuel cells
Product streams from state-of-the-art and future coal gasification systems are characterized to guide fuel cell program planners and researchers in establishing performance goals and developing materials for molten carbonate fuel cells that will be compatible with gasifier product gases. Results are presented on: (1) the range of gasifier raw-gas compositions available from the major classes of coal gasifiers; (2) the degree of gas clean-up achievable with state-of-the-art and future gas clean-up systems; and (3) the energy penalties associated with gas clean-up. The study encompasses fixed-bed, fluid-bed, entrained-bed, and molten salt gasifiers operating with Eastern bituminous and Western subbituminous coals. Gasifiers operating with air and oxygen blowing are evaluated, and the coal gasification product streams are characterized with respect to: (1) major gas stream constituents, e.g., CO, H/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, CH/sub 4/, N/sub 2/, H/sub 2/O; (2) major gas stream contaminants, e.g., H/sub 2/S, COS, particulates, tars, etc.; and (3) trace element contaminants, e.g., Na, K, V, Cl, Hg, etc.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air-sea interaction experiments (1976) at an offshore platform near Atlantic City, New Jersey
Air-sea interaction experiments conducted at an offshore platform near Atlantic City, New Jersey, during September 14-23, 1976, are described in this report. Momentum flux was measured by the eddy correlation method. Wave height, slope, and direction spectra were estimated from wave height variations measured by an array of wave staffs positioned in the corners of an equilateral triangle. Some preliminary results of the analysis are also presented.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
SethuRaman, S.; Tuthill, W. A. & McNeil, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improving the performance of brine wells at Gulf Coast strategic petroleum reserve sites
At the request of the Department of Energy, field techniques were developed to evaluate and improve the injection of brine into wells at Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) sites. These wells are necessary for the disposal of saturated brine removed from salt domes where oil is being stored. The wells, which were accepting brine at 50 percent or less of their initial design rates, were impaired by saturated brine containing particulates that deposited on the sand face and in the geologic formation next to the wellbore. Corrosion of the brine-disposal pipelines and injection wells contributed to the impairment by adding significant amounts of particulates in the form of corrosion products. When tests were implemented at the SPR sites, it was found that the poor quality of injected brines was the primary cause of impaired injection; that granular-media filtration, when used with chemical pretreatment, is an effective method for removing particulates from hypersaline brine; that satisfactory injection-well performance can be attained with prefiltered brines; and that corrosion rates can be substantially reduced by oxygen-scavenging.
Date:
November 5, 1979
Creator:
Owen, L.B. & Quong, R. (eds.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct efficiency measurement and analysis of residential oil-fired boiler systems: burner-boiler/furnace efficiency test project. Annual report FY 1978
A laboratory study is made to measure the efficiencies of residential heating equipment. A direct measurement technique provides an accurate evaluation of the efficiency of residential heating units during full-load and part-load operation. The laboratory data is then used to determine annual fuel consumption and fuel-weighted seasonal efficiency for each heating unit based on typical operating parameters (size of residence, geographic location, and usage). The results of the study include both the evaluation of a wide range of hydronic (hot water) burner-boiler package units and the evaluation of retrofit items which are added to an existing heating system to enhance efficiency and performance. The combination of direct, accurate efficiency measurement, and calculation of annual fuel use provide a standard method for comparison of individual heating units and retrofit modifications on a common and realistic basis. This allows a cost effectiveness analysis to be performed so that direct quantitative comparisons can be made.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
McDonald, R. J.; Batey, J. E.; Allen, T. W. & Hoppe, R. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combined cycle solar central receiver hybrid power system study. Volume III. Appendices. Final technical report
A design study for a 100 MW gas turbine/steam turbine combined cycle solar/fossil-fuel hybrid power plant is presented. This volume contains the appendices: (a) preconceptual design data; (b) market potential analysis methodology; (c) parametric analysis methodology; (d) EPGS systems description; (e) commercial-scale solar hybrid power system assessment; and (f) conceptual design data lists. (WHK)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cadmium sulfide/copper sulfide heterojunction cell research. Quarterly technical progress report, June 1-September 30, 1979
Off-stoiciometry CdS coatings with resistivities of about 10..cap omega..-cm have been deposited by a cyclic reactive sputtering process where the H/sub 2/S injection is periodically switched on and off. Cells with CdS layer fabricated in this way have yielded efficiencies of about 0.6% with short circuit currents of about 3.5 mA/cm/sup 2/, open circuit voltages of about 0.43V, and fill factors of about 0.40. CdS resistivity control by In doping has been achieved both by diffusion from a pre-deposited In layer and by using an In-doped Cd sputtering target. Resistivities of about 30..cap omega..-cm are achieved in CdS coatings about 5 um thick deposited at 250/sup 0/C over 50 nm thick In layers. A Cd cathode doped with 1 atomic percent In has yielded CdS coatings with resistivities of about 0.1 ..cap omega..-cm at substrate temperatures in the 100 to 300/sup 0/C range. Cells fabricated from the 0.1 ..cap omega..-cm CdS with a 0.5 um undoped layer adjacent to the junction have yielded encouraging diode characteristics with a strong photovoltaic effect and will be used to an optimization study. Cu/sub x/S coatings deposited onto CdS under various conditions have been found to have the same properties as those deposited onto …
Date:
November 30, 1979
Creator:
Thornton, J.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigating the impact of drilling mud and its major components on bivalve species of Georges bank. Progress report No. 2, February 28, 1979-November 1, 1979
Results described in progress report No. 1 indicate that 0.3-1.0 grams of drilling mud/liter of seawater can stress bivalve molluscs and that metallic components of drilling muds are assimilated by these organisms. The results posed questions about the short- and long-term effects of stress on energy stores, reproduction, and metal assimilation; accordingly, this year's research program has focused on these three areas and on a continued chemical characterization of the drilling muds used.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thin films of InP for photovoltaic energy conversion. First quarterly technical progress report, July 5, 1979-September 28, 1979
A research study is in progress to develop a low-cost high-efficiency thin-film InP heterojunction solar cell, using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD) technique for InP film growth on suitable low-cost substrates. Heterostructure devices of CdS/InP and indium tin oxides (ITO)/InP are to be prepared by Stanford University under subcontract, using the InP films grown by MO-CVD. The first quarter's work is summarized. An existing reactor system was modified and upgraded, with provision for growth of GaAs intermediate layers and p-type doping capability using a premixed metalorganic Zn compound source, as well as a dilution system common to the dopants and the Group III and Group V reactants. The all-fused-quartz deposition chamber was redesigned to permit use of larger susceptors and to facilitate assembly, disassembly, and cleaning. Initial attempts to prepare p-type epitaxial InP films on single-crystal InP substrates met with only limited success until a new source of diethylzinc (DEZn) was obtained and installed on the system, after which active Zn concentrations (i.e., measured hole concentrations) in the 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ range were produced in epitaxial films on (100), 111A), and (111B) InP substrates in the deposition temperature range 715 to 730/sup 0/C. The films have been characterized …
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Manasevit, H. M.; Ruth, R. P.; Moudy, L. A.; Yang, J. J. J. & Johnson, R. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1979 breeding bird censuses and summary of 1977-1979 results
As part of a program to characterize the plant and animal life of the Laboratory site and the surrounding region, the two breeding bird censuses originated in 1977 were continued in 1979. Twelve census trips were made to the BNL plot and 10 to the Westhampton plot by seven volunteer observers. Comparisons of data from the three years showed that the number of territorial males on the BNL plot did not change significantly, but the number of breeding species showed a continuous decline, from 18 to 10. Little change in the number of territorial males or in species composition occurred in the Westhampton plot.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Raynor, G. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Startup of reversed-field mirror reactors using coaxial plasma guns
Preliminary calculations are given that indicate that a coaxial plasma gun might scale reasonably to reactor-grade operating conditions. Ongoing experiments and numerical simulations should shed some light on the validity of the described scaling laws.
Date:
November 9, 1979
Creator:
Smith, A. C., Jr.; Hartman, C. W.; Carlson, G. A.; Neef, W. S., Jr. & Eddleman, J. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aerosol measurement techniques and accuracy in the CSTF. [LMFBR]
The Containment Systems Test Facility (CSTF) provides the capability of performing large-scale aerosol behavior experiments at a scale factor of approximately 0.5 in height for a typical reactor containment building. The containment height is 20.3 m, the volume is 850 m/sup 3/, the design pressure is 5 bar, and quantities of sodium up to 1250 kg can be sprayed or spilled for sodium combustion product aerosol sources. Instrumentation is provided for characterization of the aerosol and the containment atmosphere. This paper describes the aerosol sampling techniques and instruments used in the CSTF and discusses their accuracy and reproducibility.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
McCormack, J.D. & Hilliard, R. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Building retrofit for cities
The impact of high fuel prices on retrofit in the urban sector is discussed. Then, the benefits of a strong urban retrofit program are enumerated. Institutional, financial, informational, and attitudinal barriers that stand in the way of widespread implementation of energy conservation retrofit are discussed. Policy tools which can be used to implement a retrofit program consist of tax breaks, financing arrangements, mandatory building efficiency standards, and education programs.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Heinrich, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report of the Panel on New Materials for the Council on Materials Science, United States Department of Energy
Research is summarized concerning inorganic synthesis, new polymeric materials, intermetallic compounds, amorphous solids, thin films, solid state ionics, catalysis, and semiconductors. (FS)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Indium phosphide/cadmium sulfide thin-film solar cells. Quarterly technical progress report No. 1, June 1979-August 1979
Cadmium sulfide and InP thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation and planar reactive deposition, respectively. Polycrystalline CdS films up to 10 ..mu..m thick showed absorption losses of less than 10% over the 0.6- to 1.0-..mu..m wavelength range. A threefold increase in lateral grain size was achieved when CdS/ITO/GLASS structures were partially recrystallized in flowing H/sub 2/S/Ar at 550/sup 0/C. InP deposited onto (100) InP semiinsulating substrate at substrate temperatures as low as 260/sup 0/C was n-type with room-temperature mobilities as high as 1500 cm/sup 2//Vsec. The CdS and InP films were integrated into an all-thin-film InP/CdS/ITO/GLASS structure.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
Zanio, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dynamic Isotope Power System (DIPS) Applications Study. Volume II. Nuclear Integrated Multimission Spacecraft (NIMS) design definition. Final report
The design requirements for the Nuclear Integrated Multimission Spacecraft. (NIMS) are discussed in detail. The requirements are a function of mission specifications, payload, control system requirements, electric system specifications, and cost limitations. (LCL)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant Program: procurement plan. [Procedure for compliance with federal laws]
FWEC Corporate Policy calls for full compliance within the intent and purpose of the Federal Law. The steps required to insure FWEC Process Plants Procurement compliance in a manner acceptable to the Department of Energy are outlined.
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Credit tools to promote energy conservation: a possible federal role
An analysis is presented of the potential of banking institutions to assist in the promotion and implementation of energy conserving measures. Emphasis is given to urban problems and to a possible federal involvement with any measures taken. The relationship between commercial banks and their borrowers was examined. In order to assess a potential federal role, existing regulatory mechanisms were examined. Senior officers of commercial banks were interviewed. A review of relevant literature and federal regulations was undertaken. The fundamentals of lending decisions were reviewed and analyzed in order to develop an understanding of the function of energy considerations in the loan process. The large money-center bank, which satisfies the financial needs of the Fortune 500 borrowers and the city-wide or regional bank, which derives its business from local consumers, are considered. (MCW)
Date:
November 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library