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Single particle behavior in plasmas
The paper follows the history of a neutral atom or molecule into a plasma--ionization, dissociation, radiation,--until it becomes a set of charged particles moving in the electromagnetic fields of the plasma system. The various useful forms of the method of averaging are displayed and applied to calculation of constants of motion. The breakdown of these constants is discussed along with some of the implications for fusion systems.
Date:
March 10, 1977
Creator:
McNamara, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low energy components from charge transfer in neutral beams for fusion
The MFTF/TFTR injector system is studied. The LLL double charge exchange system is also studied. The stripping problem in surface-production negative ion systems producing beam energies up to 1000 keV is also investigated. (MOW)
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Anderson, O. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of cation exchange on the subsequent reactivity of lignite chars to steam. [108 references]
The purpose of this investigation is to determine the role which cations in coal play in the subsequent reactivity of chars. It is hoped that this investigation will aid in an understanding of the catalytic nature of inorganic constituents in coal during its gasification. It was found that increased heat treatment temperature decreased reactivity. The decrease in reactivity was shown to be due, at least in part, to the changes in the nature of the cation with increased heat treatment temperature. Reactivity was found to be a linear function of the amount of Ca(++) exchange on the demineralized coal. The constant utilization factor over the wide range of loadings employed indicated that below 800/sup 0/C the calcium did not markedly sinter. Potassium, sodium, and calcium-containing chars were found to be much more reactive than the iron and magnesium-containing chars. However, the iron and magnesium containing chars were more reactive than chars produced from the demineralized coal. The iron char was highly active at first but the iron phase was quickly oxidized to a comparatively unreactive ..gamma..Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ phase. The state of magnesium was found to be MgO. Sodium and calcium were equally active as catalysts but not …
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Hippo, E. J. & Walker, Jr., P. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual design and systems analysis of photovoltaic power systems. Volume II. Systems. Revised final report
Conceptual designs were made and analyses were performed on three types of solar photovoltaic power systems. Included were Residential (1--10 kW), Intermediate (0.1--10 MW), and Central (50--1000 MW) Power Systems to be installed in the 1985 to 2000 time period. Detailed descriptions of each of the three systems studied, descriptions of the necessary subsystems, and discussions of the interfaces between them are presented. Included also are descriptions of system performance and system cost used to perform an economic analysis which assesses the value of each system.
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Pittman, P.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy reserves. [Summary of reserve estimates and economic supply models for exhaustible resources]
There is an increasing concern about scarcity of the world's remaining natural energy resources and, in particular, the future supply of oil and natural gas. This paper summarizes recent estimates of energy reserves and economic supply models for exhaustible resources. The basic economic theory of resource exhaustion is reviewed, and recent estimates of both discovered and undiscovered energy resources are presented and compared. Domestic and world-wide reserve estimates are presented for crude oil and natural gas liquids, natural gas, coal, and uranium. Economic models projecting supply of these energy forms, given reserve estimates and other pertinent information, are discussed. Finally, a set of recent models which project world oil prices are summarized and their published results compared. The impact of energy conservation efforts on energy supply is also briefly discussed. 53 references.
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Tessmer, R.G. Jr.; Carhart, S.C. & Marcuse, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LOFT differential pressure uncertainty analysis
A performance analysis of the LOFT differential pressure (..delta..P) measurement is presented. Along with completed descriptions of test programs and theoretical studies that have been conducted on the ..delta..P, specific sources of measurement uncertainty are identified, quantified, and combined to provide an assessment of the ability of this measurement to satisfy the SDD 1.4.1C (June 1975) requirement of measurement of differential pressure.
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Evans, R.P.; Biladeau, G.L. & Quinn, P.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Draft program plant for TNS: The Next Step after the tokamak fusion test reactor. Part III. Project specific RD and D needs
Research and development needs for the TNS systems are described according to the following chapters: (1) tokamak system, (2) electrical power systems, (3) plasma heating systems, (4) tokamak support systems, (5) instrumentation, control, and data systems, and (6) program recommendations. (MOW)
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of airborne radioactivity and its meteorolgical application. Part VI. Annual report, 1 August 1974--31 July 1975
Continuous data of the radionuclides 7Be, 32P, 33P, 35S and of fallout, as well as tentative data of the ozone concentration are given for the reporting period. A new Ge(Li) Gamma Spectrometer, permitting the routine monitoring of the fallout composition is described. A method is set forth for the forecast of influxes of stratospheric air to a certain place on the earth surface. The forecasting quality is subjected to continuous checking. A first analysis of the ozone concentration in correlation with the 7Be concentration reveals a seasonal trend. However, due to the relatively small amount of data available thus far, the results are not yet statistically established. A five-year study resulted in hardly any promising approaches are offered which will permit the deriving of causal relationships between solar events and the meteorological phenomena being connected therewith.
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Reiter, R.; Kanter, H.J.; Sladkovic, R. & Poetzl, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research in radiobiology. Annual report of work in progress in the internal irradiation program
Separate abstracts were prepared for 13 sections of this report. A list is included of publications during the time period covered by this report.
Date:
March 31, 1977
Creator:
Jee, W.S.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
236-Z canyon utilization study
The 236-Z canyon contains equipment for repurification of plutonium and recovery of plutonium from scrap material. To meet production requirements of Fast Flux Test Facility/Clinch River Breeder Reactor oxide with the existing plant, several new pieces of equipment will be needed in the future. More storage space and a better accountability system are needed to support this increased production. The available canyon space needs to be utilized to its fullest in order to accommodate the new equipment. The purpose of this document is to identify the new pieces of equipment, show how they fit into the flowsheet, and locate them in the canyon.
Date:
March 8, 1977
Creator:
Dixon, D.R
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering assessment of inactive uranium mill tailings, Shiprock site, Shiprock, New Mexico. Phase II, Title I
Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah Inc. has performed an engineering assessment of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at Shiprock, New Mexico. The Phase II, Title I services include the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and other radium-contaminated materials, the evaluation of resulting radiation exposures of individuals and nearby populations, the investigation of site hydrology and meteorology and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas release from the 1.7 million tons of tailings at the Shiprock site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation are also factors. The 11 alternative actions presented range from completion of the present ongoing EPA site decontamination plan (Option I), to stabilizing in-place with varying depths of cover material (Options II-IV), to removal to an isolated long-term disposal site (Options V-XI). All options include remedial action costs for off-site locations where tailings have been placed. Costs estimates for the 11 options range from $540,000 to $12,500,000. Reprocessing the tailings for uranium is not economically feasible.
Date:
March 31, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heat transfer research and power cycle transient modeling
Fine axial flutes enhance heat transfer in vertical shell-and-tube exchangers with water inside the tubes and ammonia evaporating or condensing in layer flow on the shell side. Single-tube experiments with R-11 and ammonia indicate local shell-side coefficients 3 to 5 times those for corresponding smooth tubes. Single-tube experiments with water indicate that at moderate velocities the tube-side coefficients are enhanced by a factor equal to the ratio of fluted-to-smooth surface areas while the fluid friction is similarly increased. The experimental data are transformed into mean individual coefficients for ammonia and water. Overall coefficients for a particular case are presented to illustrate the efficacy of enhancement by flutes on one or both sides of the heat transfer surface. Means are described for using emerging data to predict the static and dynamic behavior of the power cycle and the interactions of components throughout the complete power plant.
Date:
March 23, 1977
Creator:
Rothfus, R.R. & Neuman, C.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Considerations in the behavior of aerosols in gloveboxes. I. Models. [Pu aerosols]
Increasing requirements for minimizing aerosol release from gloveboxes and minimizing personnel irradiation in the processing and recycling of reactor grade plutonium necessitate a knowledge of the behavior of aerosols in such enclosures. This paper presents the results of a literature survey concerning aerosols in gloveboxes. The results of some theoretical plutonium aerosol models in simulating glovebox conditions are reported.
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Mitchell, D.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering assessment of inactive uranium mill tailings, Monument Valley site, Monument Valley, Arizona. A summary of the Phase II, Title I
Ford, Bacon and Davis Utah Inc. has performed an engineering assessment of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at the Monument Valley millsite in Arizona. The Phase II, Title I services include the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and other radium-contaminated materials, the evaluation of resulting radiation exposures of individuals residing nearby, the investigation of site hydrology and meteorology and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas release from the tailings on the site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation are also factors. The sparse population and relatively low radiation levels yield minimal immediate environmental impact; hence, the two alternative actions presented are directed towards restricting access to the site (Options I and II), and returning the windblown tailings to the pile and stabilizing the pile with 2 ft of cover material (Option II). Both options include remedial action costs for offsite locations where tailings have been placed. Cost estimates for the two options are $585,000 and $1,165,000. Reprocessing the tailings for uranium is not economically feasible.
Date:
March 31, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of extraction chromatography for americium recovery
Extraction, or reverse-phase partition chromatography, as used mostly for analytical separations, employs an organic solvent extractant as a stationary phase on an inert support material. This technique, which has the advantage of utilizing the versatility of solvent extraction systems with the less expensive operation of ion exchange equipment, was evaluated for a process to recover low level concentrations of americium from acidic process waste streams at Rocky Flats. The bidentate organophosphorous extractant DHDECMP (dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamylmethylene phosphonate) was used as the stationary phase since it was shown to effectively scavenge americium from acidic waste streams without significantly extracting impurity ions. Over 30 support materials were evaluated for DHDECMP capacity and for their ability to retain the extractant. Of the supports tested, the Amberlite XAD macroreticular sorbents were found to have the highest DHDECMP capacity. Amberlite XAD-4 beads retained the extractant significantly better than the other supports evaluated. Thus, this solvent was tested for americium breakthrough capacity and compared to the theoretical capacity.
Date:
March 23, 1977
Creator:
Alford, C. E. & Navratil, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual design and systems analysis of photovoltaic systems. Volume I. Study summary. Final report
This investigation of terrestrial PV systems considered the technical and economic feasibility for systems in three size categories: a small system of about 12 kW peak output for on-site residential use; a large 1500 MW central power plant contributing to the bulk energy of a utility system power grid; and an intermediate size system of about 250 kW for use on public or commercial buildings. In each category, conceptual designs were developed, performance was analyzed for a range of climatic regions, economic analyses were performed, and assessments were made of pertinent institutional issues. The report consists of three volumes. This volume contains a Study Summary of the major study results. Volume II contains the detailed results pertaining to on-site residential photovoltaic systems, central power plant photovoltaic systems, and intermediate size systems applied to commercial and public buildings. Volume III contains supporting appendix material. (WHK)
Date:
March 19, 1977
Creator:
Kirpich, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Deals magnet concept: applications and development
The important highlights of the applination of the DEALS (Demountable Externally Anchored Low Stress) magnet system to MFE Tokamak devices are presented. Benefits of the concept for the construction of superconducting toroidal field coils are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the application of DEALS to a high field collisional Tokamak device and various design parameters for such a device and the corresponding DEALS coils are listed. An engineering Tokamak of PLT size is described in which the DEALS concept could be thoroughly evaluated. Design parameters for two engineering Tokamak concepts are given. A proposed development program, whose aim is to evaluate and prove the DEALS idea, and if successful, implement it as fast as possible in MFE designs, is outlined.
Date:
March 1, 1977
Creator:
Powell, J.; Hsieh, S.Y. & Lehner, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar Pilot Plant, Phase I. Quarterly report No. 5, October--December 1976
Collector subsystem research experiment (SRE) tests were conducted and the data evaluated. Assembly of the SRE steam generator was almost complete. Testing will start in January 1977. Two major changes in the baseline design, sensible thermal heat storage rather than phase-change storage and wet rather than dry cooling of the condenser, were being worked. Analytical and design work on the electrical generation subsystem and plant integration progressed satisfactorily.
Date:
March 31, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Demonstration of a free piston Stirling engine driven linear alternator, phase I report
The results of the work performed under Phase I of the free piston Stirling engine demonstrator program are described. The objective of the program is to develop a 2 kW free piston Stirling engine/linear alternator energy conversion system, for an isotopic heat source, with a greater than 30% overall efficiency. Phase I was a 15-month effort to demonstrate the feasibility of the system through analysis and experimental testing of the individual components. An introduction to Stirling engines and the details of the tasks completed are presented in five major sections: (1) introduction to Stirling engine; (2) preliminary design of an advanced free piston Stirling demonstrator engine; (3) design and test of a 1 kWE output linear alternator; (4) test of a model free piston Stirling engine; and (5) development of a free piston Stirling engine computer simulation code.
Date:
March 30, 1977
Creator:
Goldwater, B.; Piller, S.; Rauch, J. & Cella, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual design and systems analysis of photovoltaic systems. Volume II. Study results. Final report
This investigation of terrestrial PV systems considered the technical and economic feasibility for systems in three size categories: a small system of about 12 kW peak output for on-site residential use; a large 1500 MW central power plant contributing to the bulk energy of a utility system power grid; and an intermediate size system of about 250 kW for use on public or commercial buildings. In each category, conceptual designs were developed, performance was analyzed for a range of climatic regions, economic analyses were performed, and assessments were made of pertinent institutional issues. The report consists of three volumes. Volume I contains a Study Summary of the major study results. This volume contains the detailed results pertaining to on-site residential photovoltaic systems, central power plant photovoltaic systems, and intermediate size systems applied to commercial and public buildings. Volume III contains supporting appendix material. (WHK)
Date:
March 19, 1977
Creator:
Kirpich, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Phase II, Title I engineering assessment of inactive uranium mill tailings, Monument Valley site, Monument Valley, Arizona. [Environmental effects, health hazards, and options for stabilization of tailings or fencing of site]
An engineering assessment was made of the problems resulting from the existence of radioactive uranium mill tailings at the Monument Valley millsite in Arizona. The Phase II, Title I services include the preparation of topographic maps, the performance of core drillings and radiometric measurements sufficient to determine areas and volumes of tailings and other radium-contaminated materials, the evaluation of resulting radiation exposures of individuals residing nearby, the investigation of site hydrology and meteorology and the evaluation and costing of alternative corrective actions. Radon gas release from the tailings on the site constitutes the most significant environmental impact, although windblown tailings and external gamma radiation are also factors. The sparse population and relatively low radiation levels yield minimal immediate environmental impact; hence, the two alternative actions presented are directed towards restricting access to the site and returning the windblown tailings to the pile and stabilizing the pile. Both options include remedial action costs for offsite locations where tailings have been placed. Cost estimates for the two options are $585,000 and $1,165,000.
Date:
March 31, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of an electric fuel nozzle system for combustors. Progress report, June 1, 1976--February 28, 1977
The investigation that Northern Research and Engineering Corporation is conducting for the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration involves developing a fuel injection approach which utilizes electrostatic effects to improve the uniformity of the fuel/air mixture in combustion systems. The three phases of the program consist of an initial feasibility study which includes design and cold-flow testing of several nozzles, preliminary combustion testing, and final testing in an actual combustor. During the time period covered by the progress report, given parametric design calculations estimating the anticipated effect of fuel charging were completed. In addition, the experimental rig to be used in the cold-flow tests was designed and assembled. The nozzle/electrode configurations to be tested were designed and are currently in the process of being fabricated.
Date:
March 2, 1977
Creator:
Demetri, E.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Considerations Affecting Deep-Well Disposal of Tritium-Bearing Low-Level Aqueous Waste from Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants
Present concepts of disposal of low-level aqueous wastes (LLAW) that contain much of the fission-product tritium from light water reactors involve dispersal to the atmosphere or to surface streams at fuel reprocessing plants. These concepts have been challenged in recent years. Deep-well injection of low-level aqueous wastes, an alternative to biospheric dispersal, is the subject of this presentation. Many factors must be considered in assessing its feasibility, including technology, costs, environmental impact, legal and regulatory constraints, and siting. Examination of these factors indicates that the technology of deep-well injection, extensively developed for other industrial wastes, would require little innovation before application to low-level aqueous wastes. Costs would be low, of the order of magnitude of 10⁻⁴ mill/kWh. The environmental impact of normal deep-well disposal would be small, compared with dispersal to the atmosphere or to surface streams; abnormal operation would not be expected to produce catastrophic results. Geologically suitable sites are abundant in the U.S., but a well would best be co-located with the fuel-reprocessing plant where the LLAW is produced. Legal and regulatory constraints now being developed will be the most important determinants of the feasibility of applying the method.
Date:
March 1977
Creator:
Trevorrow, L. E.; Warner, D. L. & Steindler, M. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Photograph 2012.201.B0052.0671]
Photograph taken for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "SMASHED EDMOND POLICE CAR is towed away after the driver, Sgt. Gary Cooper, swerved to avoid a stopped school bus at U.S. 66 and Air Depot Road Monday and ran off the road. The police unit, which was pursuing armed and robbery suspects, flipped over and came to rest partially submerged in a farm pond. Cooper and another Edmond officer in the car, George M. Meador, suffered minor injuries."
Date:
March 14, 1977
Creator:
Klock, Roger
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History