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SDG and E - ERDA Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility. Bi-monthly report, May 1975-August 1976
A description of the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) its construction problems, and a discussion of start-up testing are included. A history and description of the operation and maintenance with the brine injection pump for the facility are presented. The GLEF was divided into five separate sections: steam and condensate system, brine system, purge water system, vent gas system, and cooling water system. An insight into the chemistry of each system is provided by analysis of samples taken. Scaling and corrosion effects of brine, steam, gas, and water in these systems are described in detail. (MHR)
Date:
September 1, 1976
Creator:
Bishop, H. K.; Bricarello, J. R.; Campbell, J. A.; Lombard, G. L.; Mulliner, D. K. & Swanson, C. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of radiological impact of the inactive uranium-mill tailings pile at Salt Lake City, Utah
One of the largest inactive uranium mill tailings piles in the United States is located within metropolitan Salt Lake City, Utah. A radiological survey was performed at this site during the fall of 1975. A series of field and laboratory analyses were performed to characterize the spread of contamination from the tailings pile to surrounding areas. These analyses provided a basis for discussion of the important pathways for transport of radioactivity to man. Measurements of radionuclide concentrations in soil indicated that radium had migrated up to one meter into soil beneath the tailings. Tailings material was found out to distances of several hundred meters, mostly in the prevailing wind directions. Elevated levels of /sup 226/Ra, /sup 238/U, /sup 230/Th, and /sup 210/Pb were found in sediments of streams running through the mill site; but in Jordan River samples, radionuclide concentrations were of the same magnitude as background samples collected in other parts of the Salt Lake Valley. Atmospheric dispersion of radon gas, which emanates from the pile continuously, was calculated. Potential health effects for continuous exposure to radon progeny and external gamma radiation from the pile in its current state were estimated using risk estimators presented in the BEIR report. …
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
Haywood, F. F.; Goldsmith, W. A.; Perdue, P. T.; Fox, W. F. & Shinpaugh, W. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar heating and cooling of buildings, Phase 1 (non-residential). Recommendation for solar heating and cooling demonstrations as an integrated package
Recommendations to ERDA of four solar heating and cooling demonstration projects are presented. Recommendations include (1) the Westchester Work Center Building owned by Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, (2) the Scottsdale County Courts Building in Scottsdale, Arizona, (3) Howard Johnson's Inc. Hotel in North Miami, Florida, and (4) a combination warehouse, manufacturing facility offered by Mr. John I. Ladd of Ladd Brothers, Pueblo, Colorado. A conceptual diagram and a fact sheet is included for each proposed demonstration site. The combined estimated cost for the four projects is $334,586. (WHK)
Date:
February 12, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology of the 241-SX Tank Farm
A series of maps have been compiled to document the structure and stratigraphy of the sediments underlying the high-level radioactive waste storage tank farms located within the Energy Research and Development Administration Hanford Reservation. The primary purpose of these maps is to provide basic geologic information to be utilized to evaluate the impact of suspected and confirmed tank leaks.
Date:
April 1, 1976
Creator:
Price, W. H. & Fecht, K. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Considerations of the social impact of fusion power
It is concluded that the direct effects of an ideal form of fusion technologies would be socially more desirable than those of the alternatives. This is particularly true of the second generation fusion power plant. However, given our technological inputs, this was a trivial result. Less trivial was consideration of the negative effects that might accrue through the availability of potentially unlimited supplies of low cost energy. It is concluded that while there may be reasonable humanist argument both for and against such abundance, in a democratic society control of energy development for its own sake is likely to be unacceptable. However, if the indirect effects of pollution, despoilment, and resource depletion through ever expanding energy use become sufficiently disturbing to the well-being of the majority, unlimited energy may come to be seen as undesirable by the society. To this extent successful research and development for unlimited sources such as the fusion or mixed solar alternatives might be judged from some point far in the future to have been a mistake. This could occur even though advances in the technology of pollution control and resource use greatly reduce the pollution and hazard accompanying a much higher rate of energy utilization.
Date:
September 1, 1976
Creator:
Gastil, R. D. & Markus, H. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the workshop on correlation of neutron and charged particle damage
Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the individual papers.
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
Stiegler, J.O. (comp.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Systems Development and Test Center activities in the Wind Systems Program at Rocky Flats
A test center has been established with 12 machine towers of varying descriptions and eight WTGs erected to date. Additionally, two large and three small meteorological towers have been installed as well as a small irrigation system, typical of the type commonly used throughout the country. Experience with these machines has revealed a number of operational problems, but has resulted in hardware modifications by manufacturers. The other main area of effort has been to solicit and evaluate proposals for development of 8 kW, 40 kW, and High Reliability SWECS.
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
Moment, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal depletion of a geothermal reservoir with both fracture and pore permeability
A method for estimating the useful lifetime of a reservoir in porous rock where the injection and production wells intersect a fracture system is presented. Equations were derived for the pore-fluid and fracture-fluid temperatures averaged over large regions of the geothermal field. Problems such as incomplete areal sweep and interfingering of cool and hot fluids are ignored. Approximate equations relating average temperatures to the heat flowing from rock to fluid were developed, and their use is justified by comparing the results with solutions of the exact equations. The equations for the temperature decline can be solved quickly. In the model, fractures are characterized by three parameters: aperture w, permeability k/sub fr/, and spacings between fractures D. For certain values of these parameters, cool reinjected fluid in fractures may reach the production wells long before all the warm pore fluid has been tapped, shortening the useful lifetime of the field. The traditional (and important) problems of reservoir engineering, flow rate determination, drawdown, sweep patterns, etc. were ignored. Thus the results are most useful in providing a correction factor which can be applied to lifetime estimates obtained from a detailed simulation of a field assuming porous rock. That correction factor is plotted …
Date:
August 10, 1976
Creator:
Kasameyer, P.W. & Schroeder, R.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering aspects of geothermal development in the Imperial Valley
In order to provide background for introduction of a Geothermal Element into the General Plan of the County of Imperial, California, studies were conducted on resource evaluation, engineering development, environmental impact, economics, regulation, and so forth. This document is a collection of reviews of engineering matters pertinent to the County's plan. Briefly, the contents include discussions of drilling practice, costs, and land requirements. Brief notes on reinjection and on fluid transmission follow. The section on power plants attempts to give scaling relationships for land area, costs, and performance, according to size and reservoir temperature. The problem of cooling power plants is important, particularly in an arid agricultural area. Cooling requirements, water availability, and water suitability are discussed in turn. The question of the interactions of the hydrologic cycle, withdrawals for cooling, and the Salton Sea is covered in a separate EQL document. Finally, there are sections devoted to nonelectrical uses for the geothermal resources, including production of fresh water and chemicals. The direct uses for geothermal heat are not included.
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
Goldsmith, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Integrated system for production of neutronics and photonics calculational constants. Volume 10, Revision 1. Neutron-induced interactions: tabulated experimental data
We provide, on microfiche records, tabulated values for data points in the Experimental Cross-Section Information Library (ECSIL). The microfiche records also include corresponding bibliographic information and data indexes. ECSIL now contains 1,600,000 neutron-cross-section data points.
Date:
July 4, 1976
Creator:
MacGregor, M.H.; Cullen, D.E.; Howerton, R.J. & Perkins, S.T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology of the 241-T Tank Farm
A series of maps have been compiled to document the structure and stratigraphy of the sediments underlying the high-level radioactive waste storage tank farms located within the Energy Research and Development Administration Hanford Reservation. The primary purpose of these maps is to provide basic geologic information to be utilized to evaluate the impact of suspected and confirmed tank leaks.
Date:
April 1, 1976
Creator:
Price, W. H. & Fecht, K. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transport of solid commodities via freight pipeline: cost estimating methodology. Volume III, parts A and B. First year final report
In order to examine the feasibility of an intercity freight pipeline, it was necessary to develop cost equations for various competing transportation modes. This volume presents cost-estimating equations for rail carload, trailer-on-flatcar, truck, and freight pipeline. Section A presents mathematical equations that approximate the fully allocated and variable costs contained in the ICC cost tables for rail carload, trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC) and truck common-carrier intercity freight movements. These equations were developed to enable the user to approximate the ICC costs quickly and easily. They should find use in initial studies of costs where exact values are not needed, such as in consideration of rate changes, studies of profitability, and in general inter-modal comparisons. Section B discusses the development of a set of engineering cost equations for pneumo-capsule pipelines. The development was based on an analysis of system components and can readily be extended to other types of pipeline. The model was developed for the purpose of a feasibility study. It employs a limited number of generalized parameters and its use is recommended when sufficient detailed and specific engineering information is lacking. These models were used in the comparison of modes presented in Volume I and hence no conclusions regarding relative costs …
Date:
July 1, 1976
Creator:
Warner, J.A.; Morlok, E.K.; Gimm, K.K. & Zandi, I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hawaii Geothermal Project: initial Phase II progress report
Results of Phase I of the Hawaii Geothermal Project (HGP), which consisted of a two-year study on the potential of geothermal energy for the Big Island of Hawaii, are reviewed. One conclusion from Phase I was that preliminary results looked sufficiently encouraging to warrant the drilling of the first experimental geothermal well in the Puna area of the Big Island. During the first two months of drilling, parallel activity has continued in all research and support areas. Additional gravity, seismic, and electrical surveys were conducted; water and rock samples were collected; and analysis and interpretation of data has proceeded. Earlier work on mathematical and physical modeling of geothermal reservoirs was expanded; analysis of liquid-dominated geothermal systems continued; and studies on testing of geothermal wells were initiated. An environmental assessment statement of HGP No. 1 was prepared and baselines established for crucial environmental parameters. Economic, legal, and regulatory studies were completed and alternatives identified for the development of geothermal power in Hawaii. Early stages of the drilling program proceeded slowly. The initial 9 7/8-inch drill hole to 400 feet, as well as each of the three passes required to open the hole to 26 inches, were quite time consuming. Cementing of …
Date:
February 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquid-metal fast-breeder-reactor program: reference fuel studies. Eighth quarterly report, August-October 1976. [LMFBR]
In FY-76, Task 3 of Contract E(04-3)-893 consisted of the following programs: fuel rod chemistry and thermodynamics; fuel rod engineering; fuel irradiations testing and analysis; and reference structural materials. Starting in FY-77, the Fuel Rod Engineering Program was reorganized into other existing G.E. programs under the E(04-3)-893 contract. Continuation of the reports on technical progress of this program can be found under 189 No. SG009, Task 3, or 189 No. SG023, Task 11.
Date:
November 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Selection of a melting furnace for consolidation of nuclear fuel hulls
The selection and design criteria for a cold-crucible melting system for fuel hull consolidation are defined. Appraisals of the cold-crucible processes that are available are presented. (LK)
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
Nelson, R. G.; Schlienger, M. P. & Tiesenhausen, E. V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary review of critical shutdown heat removal items for common cause failure susceptibility on LMFBR's. [LMFBR]
This document presents a common cause failure analysis for Critical LMFBR Shutdown Heat Removal Systems. The report is intended to outline a systematic approach to defining areas with significant potential for common causes of failure, and ultimately provide inputs to the reliability prediction model. A preliminary evaluation of postulatd single initiating causes resulting in multiple failures of LMFBR-SHRS items is presented in Appendix C. This document will be periodically updated to reflect new information and activity.
Date:
February 1, 1976
Creator:
Allard, L. T. & Elerath, J. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Relative determination of W-values for alpha particles in tissue equivalent and other gases. [5. 4 MeV alpha particles]
W (the average energy to form an ion pair) for 5.4 MeV /sup 241/Am alpha particles in a Rossi-type tissue equivalent (T.E.) gas, argon and methane was determined to an accuracy better than 0.2% using a new automated data handling system. A vibrating reed electrometer and current digitizer were used to measure the current produced by completely stopping the alpha particles in a large cylindrical ionization chamber. A multichannel analyzer, operating in a slow multiscalar mode, was used to store pulses from the current digitizer. The dwell time, on the order of 60 minutes per channel, was selected with an external timer gate. Current measurements were made at reduced pressures (approximately 200 torr) to reduce ion-recombination. The average current, over many repeated measurements, was compared to the current produced in nitrogen and its previously published W-value of 36.39 +- 0.04 eV/ion pair. The resulting W-values were (in eV/ion pair): 26.29 +- 0.05 for argon, 29.08 +- 0.03 for methane and 30.72 +- 0.04 for T.E. gas, which had an analyzed composition of 64.6% methane, 32.4% CO/sub 2/, and 2.7% nitrogen. Although the methane and argon values agree within 0.1% with previously published values, the value for T.E. is 1.2% lower …
Date:
June 1, 1976
Creator:
Krieger, G L
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of particles and fields, 1976
The conference contained 23 papers, two of which appeared previously in ERA. Separate abstracts were prepared for 21 papers. (JFP)
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
Gordon, H. & Peierls, R.F. (eds.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MIT LMFBR blanket physics project progress report No. 7, July 1, 1975--September 30, 1976
Work during the period was devoted primarily to a range of analytical/numerical investigations, including evaluation of means to improve external blanket designs, beneficial attributes of the use of internal blankets, improved methods for the calculation of heterogeneous self-shielding and parametric studies of calculated spectral indices. Experimental work included measurements of the ratio of U-238 captures to U-235 fissions in a standard blanket mockup, and completion of development work on the radiophotoluminescent readout of LiF thermoluminescent detectors. The most significant findings were that there is very little prospect for substantial improvement in the breeding performance of external blankets, but internal blankets continue to show promise, particularly if they are used in such a way as to increase the volume fraction of fuel inside the core envelope. An improved equivalence theorem was developed which may allow use of fast reactor methods to calculate heterogeneously self-shielded cross sections in both fast and thermal reactors.
Date:
September 30, 1976
Creator:
Driscoll, M.J. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tritium storage development. Progress report No. 10, October--December 1976. [In metal hydride; polymer-impregnated tritiated concrete]
Laboratory and engineering scale work has been initiated on the storage of tritium in a metal hydride. Laboratory hydriding apparatus has been assembled and a preliminary series of experiments was carried out on zirconium. Several engineering design concepts for the reaction and storage of tritium in a metal hydride are presented. The design of a three 3-in.-diam. bench scale reaction system is in progress. Developmental work is continuing on the injector technique for the fixation of tritium in polymer-impregnated concrete.
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
Colombo, P & Steinberg, M
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Superconductor design study. Final report. [Composite conductor research for carrying 10,000 A at 12T]
The objective of this program was to continue the developmental effort aimed toward production of a composite conductor capable of carrying 10,000 A at 12 T and suitable for use in large fusion magnets. This program pertains specifically to the development of Nb/sub 3/Sn multifilamentary conductors containing tubular Nb filaments with Cu-Sn alloy cores in a high conductivity copper matrix. The specific tasks include: (1) Fabricate 1000 ft of 1000 A, 12 T conductor for coil evaluation. (2) Fabricate several lengths of 3500 A, 12 T conductors for evaluation. These samples are to contain the required copper and reinforcing material for use in a large coil. (3) Perform further experiments to optimize T/sub c/ with respect to Nb, Nb-1%Zr and the percent Sn composition in the bronze alloy. (4) Fabricate a 150 ft long sample of the optimum 3500 A, 12 T conductor following completion of Tasks 1, 2, and 3. (5) Fabricate several short test samples of 10,000 A, 12 T conductor for short sample and mechanical strain testing. (6) Furnish complete report containing the results of all tests performed, all metallurgical data and detailed descriptions of fabrication techniques used.
Date:
April 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental control implications of generating electric power from coal. Technology status report. Volume I
This is the first in a series of reports evaluating environmental control technologies applicable to the coal-to-electricity process. The technologies are described and evaluated from an engineering and cost perspective based upon the best available information obtained from utility experience and development work in progress. Environmental control regulations and the health effects of pollutants are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed primarily upon technologies that are now in use. For SO/sub 2/ control, these include the use of low sulfur coal, cleaned coal, or flue-gas desulfurization systems. Electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters used for the control of particulate matter are analyzed, and combustion modifications for NO/sub x/ control are described. In each area, advanced technologies still in the development stage are described briefly and evaluated on the basis of current knowledge. Fluidized bed-combustion (FBC) is a near-term technology that is discussed extensively in the report. The potential for control of SO/sub 2/ and NO/sub x/ emissions by use of FBC is analyzed, as are the resulting solid waste disposal problems, cost estimates, and its potential applicability to electric utility systems.
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthane Pilot Plant, Bruceton, Pa. Run report No. 1. Operating period: July--December 1976
Test Directive No. 1 provided the operating conditions and process requirements for the first coal to be gasified in the Synthane Pilot Plant. Rosebud coal, which is a western sub-bituminous coal, was chosen by DOE because of its non-caking properties and reactivity. This report summarizes and presents the data obtained. The pilot plant produced gas for a total of 228 hours and gasified 709 tons of Rosebud coal from July 7 to December 20, 1976. Most of this period was spent in achieving process reliability and learning how to operate and control the gasifier. A significant number of equipment and process changes were required to achieve successful operation of the coal grinding and handling facilities, the Petrocarb feed system, and the char handling facilities. A complete revision of all gasifier instrumentation was necessary to achieve good control. Twenty-one test runs were accomplished, the longest of which was 37 hours. During this run, carbon conversions of 57 to 60% were achieved at bed temperatures of 1450 to 1475/sup 0/F. Earlier attempts to operate the gasifier with bed temperatures of 1550 and 1650/sup 0/F resulted in clinker formation in the gasifier and the inability to remove char. Test Directive No. 1 was …
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Moving head disc operating system on an 854A automatic network analyzer
The increased work load on the 8542A Automatic Network Analyzer revealed a need for a more efficient and flexible system to support measurement as well as software development projects. A search for such a system resulted in the choice of the moving head disc operating system (DOS-M). The conversion of the ANA operating system to DOS-M enhanced the operation and efficiency of the 8542A ANA. 5 figures.
Date:
January 1, 1976
Creator:
Tellez, R. M. & Jackson, W. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library