Resource Type

America's Exiles (open access)

America's Exiles

Article discusses the history of voluntary as well as involuntary migration of American Indian tribes westward with the encroachment of white settlers, and the impact of treaties created with the United States government.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Gibson, Arrell M.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Stress and Death in the Settlement of Indian Territory (open access)

Stress and Death in the Settlement of Indian Territory

Article discusses the tragedy and distress that occurred during the relocation process and settlement of Indian Territory by American Indian tribes.
Date: Autumn 1976
Creator: Howard, Robert Palmer & Allen, Virginia E.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Creek Colonization in Oklahoma (open access)

Creek Colonization in Oklahoma

Article describes the diverse history of Creek Nation, factionalism, leadership, relations with the United States government, treaties, and wars.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Savage, William W., Jr.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Chickasaw Colonization in Oklahoma (open access)

Chickasaw Colonization in Oklahoma

Article describes the history of Chickasaw people, including the troubles they faced with loss of land in treaties with the United States government, liquor traffic, and removal west. Blue Clark provides context to their history as a warrior nation and the ways they established new communities despite being under duress.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Clark, Blue
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Seminole Colonization in Oklahoma (open access)

Seminole Colonization in Oklahoma

Article describes the history of Seminole origins, leadership, warfare, treaties with the United States government, and complex pattern of being uprooted and transplanted through droughts and battles.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Welsh, Louise
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Indian Colonization in the Cherokee Outlet and Western Indian Territory (open access)

Indian Colonization in the Cherokee Outlet and Western Indian Territory

Article describes the colonization of American Indian tribes in the Cherokee Outlet and Western Indian Territory, providing detailed background to their forced removal and the struggles they faced.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Hampton, Carol
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Oklahoma's First Book: "Istutsi in Naktsoku" (open access)

Oklahoma's First Book: "Istutsi in Naktsoku"

Article explores the history behind Oklahoma's First Book, Istutsi in Naktsoku, an elementary school primer in a written form of the Creek language by Reverend John Fleming. Guy Logsdon explores the process of alphabetizing the Creek language and the impact of mission work on the Osage, Cherokee, and Creek Nations.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Logsdon, Guy
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The United States Congress and the Release of the Apache Prisoners of War at Fort Sill (open access)

The United States Congress and the Release of the Apache Prisoners of War at Fort Sill

Article describes the situation in Congress with regards to releasing Apache prisoners of war at Fort Sill, and the political ramifications of legislation determining land allotments.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Turcheneske, John Anthony, Jr.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Indian Records in the Oklahoma Historical Society Archives (open access)

Indian Records in the Oklahoma Historical Society Archives

Article discusses the acquisition of a large collection of records related to American Indian history by the Oklahoma Historical Society, and the complications that ensued during the process. Lawrence C. Kelly also lists the extent and of this collection and includes figures.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Kelly, Lawrence C.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Red River War of 1874--An Enlisted Man's Contribution (open access)

The Red River War of 1874--An Enlisted Man's Contribution

Article describes the details behind Sergeant John Bontwell Charlton's service in the Red River War of 1874, as well as the disastrous impact the war had on Plains tribes.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Pate, J'Nell
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Governor Lee Cruce and Law Enforcement, 1911-1915 (open access)

Governor Lee Cruce and Law Enforcement, 1911-1915

Article describes the efforts of Governor Lee Cruce to enforce prohibition and anti-gambling laws during his tenure, and the opposition he faced in Oklahoma politics from legislators as well as the public.
Date: Winter 1976
Creator: Casey, Orben J.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Sooner NRA: New Deal Recovery in Oklahoma (open access)

The Sooner NRA: New Deal Recovery in Oklahoma

Article describes the impact of the National Recovery Administration and other New Deal policies in Oklahoma, as well as resistance by local government authorities such as Governor Will "Alfalfa Bill" Murray.
Date: Autumn 1976
Creator: Ware, James
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Bawling Cattle and Barking Brakemen: An Oklahoma Railroad Memory (open access)

Bawling Cattle and Barking Brakemen: An Oklahoma Railroad Memory

Article describes the cooperation of the railroad and cattle industries in the late nineteenth centuries and highlights specific recollections of cattle drivers in the area.
Date: Autumn 1976
Creator: Hofsommer, Donovan L.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Cherokee Script Issuance of 1862 (open access)

The Cherokee Script Issuance of 1862

Article describes the Cherokee script issuance of 1862 by the Cherokee Council and National Committee. James F. Morgan also provides historical context about Cherokee leadership and factionalism during this time.
Date: Autumn 1976
Creator: Morgan, James F.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Oklahoma's State Flag as a Commemorative Stamp (open access)

Oklahoma's State Flag as a Commemorative Stamp

Article describes the creation and printing process of Oklahoma's state flag as a commemorative stamp.
Date: Autumn 1976
Creator: Shirk, George H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fort Coffee and Frontier Affairs, 1834-1838 (open access)

Fort Coffee and Frontier Affairs, 1834-1838

Article describes the situation at Fort Coffee during the early nineteenth century, including relations with American Indian tribes on the border, liquor traffic, and military affairs.
Date: Autumn 1976
Creator: Littlefield, Daniel F., Jr. & Underhill, Lonnie E.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Struggle for Railroads in the Oklahoma Panhandle (open access)

The Struggle for Railroads in the Oklahoma Panhandle

Article discusses the stake major railroad companies had in the Oklahoma Panhandle as the need for transportation of cattle and goods increased, leading to legal and political conflict over ownership and use of the land.
Date: Winter 1976
Creator: Floyd, Fred
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Wilderness Legacy of James Otto Lewis (open access)

The Wilderness Legacy of James Otto Lewis

Article describes the journey and works of James Otto Lewis, an official artist who joined the commissioners of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to councils and treaty signings and documented the events. His collection of portraits of tribe chiefs is included.
Date: Winter 1976
Creator: Campbell, Janet & Franks, Kenny A. (Kenny Arthur), 1945-
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
"I'm Off to Coolidge's Follies:" Will Rogers and the Presidential Nominations, 1924-1932 (open access)

"I'm Off to Coolidge's Follies:" Will Rogers and the Presidential Nominations, 1924-1932

Article explores the perspective and criticism of cowboy philosopher Will Rogers from 1924 to 1932 about the political conventions and presidential campaigns being held.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Tyson, Carl N.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokee Colonization in Oklahoma (open access)

Cherokee Colonization in Oklahoma

Article describes the history of Cherokee settlement, the clashes that occurred with the United States government and other tribes, and the ways the Cherokee Nation adapted after forced migration to a new land.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Holm, Tom
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Beaties Prairie, a Post Office (open access)

Beaties Prairie, a Post Office

Article examines historical records to determine the location of a post office known as Beaties Prairie.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Shirk, George H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The "Oklahoma Vorwärts": The Voice of German-Americans in Oklahoma During World War I (open access)

The "Oklahoma Vorwärts": The Voice of German-Americans in Oklahoma During World War I

Article describes the history of settlement in Oklahoma by German-Americans, one of the most successful German-language newspapers in Oklahoma, and the hostility they faced in the 1910s as a result of wartime hysteria.
Date: Summer 1976
Creator: Bilger, Edda
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Indian Colonization in Northeastern and Central Indian Territory (open access)

Indian Colonization in Northeastern and Central Indian Territory

Article describes the colonization of American Indian tribes in Northeastern and Central Indian Territory, providing detailed background to their forced removal and the struggles they faced.
Date: Spring 1976
Creator: Parker, Linda
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Crawford Seminary Post Office (open access)

Crawford Seminary Post Office

Article explores the establishment of another post office location in Indian Territory, Crawford Seminary Post Office, as a part of the investigation into the location of these offices.
Date: Winter 1976
Creator: Shirk, George H.
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History