Abstract: The Lake Minnequa area, located immediately south of the Arkansas River, is mantled with as much as 46 feet (14 meters) of alluvium covering bedrock of Pierre Shale and Niobrara Formation. Surface water enters the area by the Minnequa Canal and the St. Charles Flood Ditch. The water is stored in Lake Minnequa and other reservoirs. Seepage from St. Charles Reservoirs No. 2 and No. 3 is the major source of water to the alluvial aquifer. The depth of the water table ranges from 0 to 40 feet (0 to 12.2 meters). A 0.5-square-mile (1.3-square-kilometers) area immediately south of Lake Minnequa has a water table less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) below land surface. Lake Minnequa is the principal cause of the shallow water table and resulting waterlogged soil. The bedrock hill east of Lake Minnequa and ground-water flow also contribute to the problem. To eliminate the waterlogging problem, the water table would have to be at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) below land surface. Possible alternatives for eliminating the problem include lowering the water, level in Lake Minnequa, placing a network of dewaterinq wells, or constructing a drainage system in the waterlogged area.

From Purpose and Objectives: This study was made primarily to provide a means to depict and forecast stream quality based on known causative or apparent correlative factors.

Abstract: The Tioga River and its major tributaries were sampled monthly from September 1973 to May 1975. Water quality in the Tioga River is degraded by acid-mine drainage entering the stream near Blossburg from both strip- and deep-mined areas. The stream supports few species of aquatic life from Blossburg to its confluence with Crooked Creek- Alkaline water of tributaries Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and the Cowanesque River counteract the acidity carried downstream from Blossburg, and ·the water-quality of the Tioga River gradually improves, supporting a more diversified population of fish and aquatic life. Relationships between selected water-quality parameters have been developed for the sampling stations throughout the basin. Downstream trends were also examined. The relationships will be further refined and implemented in predictive water-quality models as more data are collected.

From introduction: A post-drought analysis of the sources of water supply for the metropolitan area indicated a need for better knowledge of the ground-water resources. A study was implemented through the cooperative water-resources investigation program between Commonwealth agencies of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Geological Survey.