In order to determine the feasibility of intercity freight pipelines, it was necessary to determine whether sufficient traffic flows currently exist between various origins and destinations to justify consideration of a mode whose operating characteristics became competitive under conditions of high-traffic volume. An intercity origin/destination freight-flow matrix was developed for a large range of commodities from published sources. A high-freight traffic-density corridor between Chicago and New York and another between St. Louis and New York were studied. These corridors, which represented 18 cities, had single-direction flows of 16 million tons/year. If trans-shipment were allowed at each of the 18 cities, flows of up to 38 million tons/year were found in each direction. These figures did not include mineral or agricultural products. After determining that such pipeline-eligible freight-traffic volumes existed, the next step was to determine the ability of freight pipeline to penetrate such markets. Modal-split models were run on aggregate data from the 1967 Census of Transportation. Modal-split models were also run on disaggregate data specially collected for this study. The freight pipeline service characteristics were then substituted into both the aggregate and disaggregate models (truck vs. pipeline and then rail vs. pipeline) and estimates of pipeline penetration into particular …

A tutorial introduction to transient electromagnetics, focusing on direct time-domain techniques, is presented. Physical, mathematical, numerical, and experimental aspects of time-domain methods, with emphasis on wire objects excited as antennas or scatters are examined. Numerous computed examples illustrate the characteristics of direct time-domain procedures, especially where they may offer advantages over procedures in the more familiar frequency domain. These advantages include greater solution efficiency for many types of problems, the ability to handle nonlinearities, improved physical insight and interpretability, availability of wide-band information from a single calculation, and the possibility of isolating interactions among various parts of an object using time-range gating.

The application of freight pipeline for the movement of solid goods offers a new option in the field of transportation. This volume examines impacts and their assessments. This study has only identified the areas where truck and/or rail substitution by pipeline may have impacts. It only can be said that pipeline, if it can substitute for surface traffic without correspondingly increasing it at another location, is inherently a more environmentally compatible mode of transport. Based on data presented in this report, it can be stated that, to the extent that a freight pipeline reduces the truck traffic, it helps to reduce street congestion, noise, energy consumption, accidents, and air pollution. As compared to rail, however, accident and noise reduction are certain, but the impact on energy consumption and air pollution depends on local conditions. (MCW)

Application of Na-K-Ca geothermometry to warm springs in Utah indicates several areas with sufficiently high apparent temperatures to be of interest as geothermal exploration targets. A zone of warm springs in the Bonneville Basin show Na-K-Ca temperatures from 150/sup 0/C to 233/sup 0/C. Examination of Great Salt Lake, Bonneville sediment pore water, and Jordan Valley well-water chemistry indicates that mixing a small percent of these fluids with warm spring water can cause substantial errors in Na-K-Ca temperature estimates. Other saline deposits which may influence Na-K-Ca temperature estimates are the Paradox formation in southeastern Utah, the Muddy Creek formation in southwestern Utah, the Arapien shale in central Utah, the Preuss formation in northeastern Utah, and Playa salts in much of western Utah. The Roosevelt KGRA is the most attractive target identified by Na-K-Ca geothermometry. Hydrothermal alteration, heavy metal distribution, and water chemistry provide additional characterization of the Roosevelt system. Chemistry of a cool water seep (25/sup 0/C) shows Na-K-Ca temperature of 241/sup 0/C and SiO/sub 2/ temperature of 125/sup 0/C. A Phillips well flowing from below 1500' (457m) shows Na-K-Ca temperature of 262/sup 0/C, SiO/sub 2/ temperature of 262/sup 0/C, and K of 1.5 times the surface spring value. The near …

In order to examine the feasibility of an intercity freight pipeline, it was necessary to develop cost equations for various competing transportation modes. This volume presents cost-estimating equations for rail carload, trailer-on-flatcar, truck, and freight pipeline. Section A presents mathematical equations that approximate the fully allocated and variable costs contained in the ICC cost tables for rail carload, trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC) and truck common-carrier intercity freight movements. These equations were developed to enable the user to approximate the ICC costs quickly and easily. They should find use in initial studies of costs where exact values are not needed, such as in consideration of rate changes, studies of profitability, and in general inter-modal comparisons. Section B discusses the development of a set of engineering cost equations for pneumo-capsule pipelines. The development was based on an analysis of system components and can readily be extended to other types of pipeline. The model was developed for the purpose of a feasibility study. It employs a limited number of generalized parameters and its use is recommended when sufficient detailed and specific engineering information is lacking. These models were used in the comparison of modes presented in Volume I and hence no conclusions regarding relative costs …

A compilation of current high energy physics experiments is presented, including in the tables the various experimental parameters as well as the spokesmen and institutions. (JFP)

Measurements of the dependence on s = (p{sub a} + p{sub b}){sup 2} of the cross section for single charged hadron production in the reactions a + b {yields} c + anything are presented. Particle c is detected in a fixed interval of laboratory momentum and angle in the fragmentation region of the target proton. For the energy range studied there are significant departures from A + Bs{sup -1/2} energy dependence. When these departures are taken into account, asymptotic predictions such as Pomeron factorization can be tested.

Two emulsion chambers of sandwich type of nuclear emulsion and thin lead plates were exposed to 303 GeV/c proton beams at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. 70 jet showers tagged by high energy {gamma} rays were analyzed and correlations between high energy {gamma} rays and charged particles with large transverse momenta were studied. Strong correlation was observed between these components and a possible explanation for this effect may be the formation of a forward excited baryon and its decay. A special event with a direct electron was also observed.

In Chapter I we present the results on a study of cross polarization dynamics, between protons and carbon-13 in adamantane, by the direct observation of the dilute, carbon-13, spins. These dynamics are an important consideration in the efficiency of proton enhancement double-resonance techniques and they also provide good experimental models for statistical theories of cross relaxation. In order to test these theories we present a comparison of the experimental and theoretical proton dipolar fluctuation correlation time {tau}{sub c}, which is experimentally 110 {+-} 15 {micro}sec and theoretically 122 {micro}sec for adamantane. These double resonance considerations provide the background for extensions to deuterium and double quantum effects discussed in Chapter II. In Chapter II an approach to high resolution nmr of deuterium in solids is described. The m = 1 {yields} -1 transition is excited by a double quantum process and the decay of coherence Q({tau}) is monitored. Fourier transformation yields a deuterium spectrum devoid of quadrupole splittings and broadening. If the deuterium nuclei are dilute and the protons are spin decoupled, the double-quantum spectrum is a high resolution one and yields information on the deuterium chemical shifts {Delta}{omega}. The relationship Q({tau}) {approx} cos 2{Delta}{omega}{tau} is checked and the technique is …

Experimental results of the aerodynamic performance of seven candidate diffusers are presented to assist in determining their suitability for joining an MHD channel to a steam generator at minimum spacing. The three dimensional diffusers varied in area ratio from 2 to 3.8 and wall half angle from 2 to 5 degrees. The program consisted of five phases: (1) tailoring a diffuser inlet nozzle to a 15 percent blockage; (2) comparison of isolated diffusers at enthalpy ratios 0.5 to 1.0 with respect to separation characteristics and pressure recovery coefficients; (3) recording the optimum diffuser exit flow distribution; (4) recording the internal flow distribution within the steam generator when attached to the diffuser; and (5) observing isolated diffuser exhaust dynamic characteristics. The 2 and 2-1/3 degree half angle rectangular diffusers showed recovery coefficients equal to 0.48 with no evidence of flow separation or instability. Diffusion at angles greater than these produced flow instabilities and with angles greater than 3 degrees random flow separation and reattachment.

The instrumentation used to obtain data on the Solar Building, Albuquerque, New Mexico during the period November, 1974, through April, 1976 is described. Attention is focused on the types of instrumentation used: their principles of operation, sensitivity, range and where pertinent, installation. Locations of sensors are identified, so far as this pertains to obtaining accurate and adequate data. A list of sensors monitored in the third period is presented, as an example in appendix A. For convenience, the physical quantities measured and the type of instrument used to measure each are presented. The nature of the output from the instrument and the normal method of recording that output are also given.

This report includes engineering memorandums, drawings, key feature descriptions, and other data. Some of the reports, such as manufacturability and some stress analysis, were done by consultants for Byron Jackson. Review of this report indicates that the design is feasible. The pump can be manufactured to system and specification requirements. The overall length and weight of some pieces will require special consideration, but is within the scope of equipment and technology available today. The fabricated parts are large and heavy, but can be manufactured and machined. Only the high temperature is unique to this size, since previous sodium pumps were smaller. Nondestructive tests as required by the Code are described and are feasible. The performance test of the prototype has been studied thoroughly. It is feasible for a cold water test. There are some problem areas. However, all of them can be solved. Development needs include building and testing a small scale model.

This final report is a complete conceptual design study of a mechanical pump for a large scale breeder reactor plant. The pumps are located in the cold leg side of the loops. This makes the net positive suction head available - NPSHA - low, and is, in fact, a major influencing factor in the design. Where possible, experience gained from the Clinch River Project and the FFTF is used in this study. Experience gained in the design, manufacturer, and testing of pumps in general and sodium pumps in particular is reflected in this report. The report includes estimated cost and time schedule for design, manufacture, and testing. It also includes a recommendation for development needs.

Gravity data were collected along selected sites on the Hanford reservation. Residual gravity profiles were calculated. These data were then modeled using the Talwani two-dimensional gravity model. Analysis of these models suggests the location of several buried stream channels. The northern channel is believed to represent the ancestral Columbia when it flowed through a synclinal trough between Gable Mountain and Gable Butte, and the southern channel is believed to reflect a previous location of the Yakima River.

An Environmental Impact Directory System (EIDS) was proposed as a method for a computerized search of the widely distributed data files and models pertaining to energy-related environmental effects. To define the scope and content of the system, an example was prepared for the case of geothermal energy. The resulting sub-directory is known as GEIDs (Geothermal Environmental Impact Directory System). In preparing or reviewing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), the user may employ GEIDS as an extensive checklist to make sure he has taken into account all predictable impacts at any level of severity.

The pre-pilot facility for the batch production of ..beta..''-alumina tubing was designed and remodeled. Critical items of capital equipment were placed on order. Work began on the construction of the pre-pilot spray dryer and the batch and continuous sintering furnaces. A tentative testing program was arranged to permit evaluation of automatic isostatic pressing equipment. Two cells incorporating high-power-density electrode design and stainless steel containers for sodium and sulfur were designed, constructed, and tested. The first cell delivered an average of 286 W/kg during one discharge cycle at 750 mA/cm/sup 2/. The energy density was 55 Wh/kg at this high current density, whereas at 50 mA/cm/sup 2/ over 80 Wh/kg could be reached. The cell became nonfaradaic after 45 days because of ceramic failure. The second cell was put on test only recently. A cell with separate compartments for charging and discharging and with electrodes optimized for either task was tested successfully. Efforts to develop corrosion-resistant sulfur container materials were inititated. Static sodium tetrasulfide corrosion tests were conducted for 30 to 60 days at 400/sup 0/C on substrates of pure chromium and iron, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, titanium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, and molybdenum base alloys. These substrates were tested with and without …

This report presents the recommended pump design for use in Large Scale Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor plants. The base design for the pump will circulate 127,000 GPM of liquid sodium at temperatures up to 850/sup 0/F and with a total discharge head at the design point of 500 feet Na with an impeller that is 40 feet below the sodium seal. The pump design is predicated on developing an impeller design which will have a suction specific speed (S/sub n/) of about 20,000 with 20 feet NPSH available, which will result in a pump speed of 530 RPM at design conditions. The design is based on the technology developed in the design and fabrication of FFTF pumps, the design efforts for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Pump design study and other technology.

A lead glass electromagnetic shower detector with active area 30cm {times} 30cm and 28 radiation lengths has been constructed and tested in a {approximately}5--15% electron/{pi}{sup {minus}} beam at Fermilab. The unique feature of this detector is the use of lead glass rather than lead, customarily used as the photon converter. This eliminates the uncertainty of total energy deposition in the system, allowing a {approximately}3% (FWHM) energy resolution at 50 GeV. The position of the shower is determined by pulse distributions from a three-layer array of thin scintillator fingers (1.5cm {times} 1.5mm) resulting in a resolution of {approximately} 4mm (FWHM).

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Numerical tables of the effective shell-model interaction matrix elements for the s-d shell are presented as a function of the valence model space and the unoccupied space.

A preliminary partial wave analysis of K/sup -/p elastic and charge-exchange scattering is reported. The y/sup +/ resonant amplitudes are listed, and the Argand diagrams are shown. (JFP)

This report is a summary of the current status of an ongoing investigation of the influence of the pairing force in the distribution of independent yields. At this time pairing systematics have been obtained for /sup 235/U thermal and fast fission yields by a comparison of experimental data to the normal yield curves predicted by the phenomenological model. A semiempirical formalism has been developed and tested (insofar as the available data permits) by which estimates for the magnitudes of the pairing effects can be easily incorporated into the version of the phenomenological model to be used in the ENDF/B-V Fission Product Evaluated Data File. The formalism is based upon the /sup 235/U thermal and fast fission data analysis and has been extended to other proposed ENDF/B-V fissionable nuclides. Neutron energy dependence has been incorporated (in a simple fashion) in terms of excitation energies of the compound system and measured fission barriers. Again, the energy dependence has been expressed in a manner which is easily assimilated by the ENDF/B-V yield model. The initial efforts in this study have been governed by the need to include some quantitative description of the pairing effects within the framework of the existing phenomenological treatment. The …

A Bayesian Zero-Failure (BAZE) reliability demonstration testing procedure is developed. The procedure may be used to verify component failure rates associated with both real-time dependent and cycle-dependent chance failure mechanisms. A constant falure-rate model with a gamma prior distribution is assumed. The procedure is used to obtain sample test plans for components of a proposed Rankine power conversion system.

The general purpose of this project was to provide information that might be of use to biologists who are investigating the effects of effluents on plankton. Although most applicable to non-persistent pollutants, such as thermal effluents, the methodology may be applied in some degree to nondegradable pollutants as well. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to provide some information about the relative effectiveness of certain representative affinity tests, in circumstances that would be analogous to those encountered in an impact investigation on plankton. In such a study, real data cannot be used, if the purpose is to show the efficiency of a test at detecting groups with known characteristics; artificial data must be employed in which those characteristics are built in. For that reason, a distribution model was to generate the data for computer analysis.