Physician acceptance of computer-enhanced radionuclide scan results, presented in the form of small Polaroid pictures, has been very limited for a number of subjective reasons. A new recorder was designed and constructed that presents the results of computer augmented scans through a medium that is quite familiar to doctors, the standard 14 in. x 17 in. x-ray film. (auth)

The calculations reveal that the H + H/sub 2/O and H + HF exchange reactions are both characterized by a large energy barrier (on the order of 20 to 30 kcal/mole) and a transition state possessing significant Rydberg 3s character on the central atom. The presence of high energy barriers means that both exchange reactions will be extremely slow except at very high temperatures.

The effects of metallurgical processing on 60 Hz ac losses and dc critical currents in Nb/sub 3/Sn tapes fabricated by the solid state diffusion technique were investigated. An addition of Al to the Cu--Sn alloy for the matrix resulted in large reduction in the ac losses of Nb/sub 3/Sn tapes, but the highest linear critical current densities were observed in Nb/sub 3/Sn tapes produced with a Nb-1 wt percent Zr core in a Cu-13 wt percent Sn matrix. Values of the losses and the critical currents in these tapes can meet the present requirements for the ac superconducting power cables.

Atomic Physics research with beams from accelerators has continued to expand and the number of papers and articles at meetings and in journals reflects a steadily increasing interest and an increasing support from various funding agencies. An attempt will be made to point out where interdisciplinary benefits have occurred, and where applications of the new results to engineering problems are expected. Drawing from material which will be discussed in the conference, a list of the most active areas of research is presented. Accelerator based atomic physics brings together techniques from many areas, including chemistry, astronomy and astrophysics, nuclear physics, solid state physics and engineering. An example is the use of crystal channeling to sort some of the phenomena of ordinary heavy ion stopping powers. This tool has helped us to reach a better understanding of stopping mechanisms with the result that now we have established a better base for predicting energy losses of heavy ions in various materials.

Pion sources suitable for cancer therapy utilizing a large acceptance collector are within the state of the art in this field. Costs are remarkably uniform between the various accelerator types, and are within reason for large centers which might specialize in this type therapy. Accelerator size is a problem, but may be reduced as various studies extend the state of the art in this area. None of the contenders is a small device, and all will require a large operating staff (8-10 people) just to keep the systems operating and maintained. If pion therapy is successful, the accelerator science community will have a reasonable solution to the source problem available.

Three aspects of the transuranium (TRU) nuclide-soil interaction were studied in connection with Savannah River Plant (SRP) burial ground operations. Results of the studies are reported as three separate parts of this report. (auth)

Actinide transmutation in fission or fusion reactors is considered as a possible method of radioactive waste processing. A brief summary is presented of transmutation studies completed or in progress. (DG)

The adiabatic elastic moduli for tetragonal single crystal PETN were measured using the phase comparison technique of McSkimin with minor variations. Measurements on four different crystal orientations yielded twelve wave velocities from which the six moduli were calculated. The self-consistency cross-checks on c/sub 11/, c/sub 12/, and c/sub 44/ were excellent while the cross-checks on c/sub 33/, c/sub 66/, and c/sub 13/ were not. The only modulus with appreciable error was c/sub 13/ which was estimated to be 11.5 percent. The single crystal bulk modulus agrees rather well with the bulk modulus of polycrystalline specimens indicating the value of c/sub 13/ is probably within its estimated error.

Our initial study of the USDA/TAHC Brucellosis Indemnity Program in Texas has shown that both the efficiency and rate of claim payments can be increased by the application of present day computer technologies. Two main factors contribute to these increases: the number of discrepancies that are caused by poor penmanship, transposition of numbers, and other human errors can be monitored and minimized; and the documented information can be indexed, sorted, and searched faster, more efficiently, and without human error. The overall flow of documentation that is used to control the movement of infected or exposed animals through commerce should be studied. A new system should be designed that fully utilizes present day computer and electronic technologies.

The crucial issues involved in laser design are briefly reviewed: (1) obtain complete flexibility and control of laser energy, (2) design optimized amplifiers, and (3) increase laser efficiency. Most of the discussion deals with item 2. (MOW)

Geometric arrangements and exposure conditions used in different magnification techniques are described and the following advantages of radiographic magnification technique are discussed: sharpness effect; noise effect; air gap effect; and visual effect. The magnification technique can be used in various diagnostic procedures as a means of improving the image quality of radiographs. (HLW)

Par Pond is a thermally enriched monomictic southeastern lake which receives heated effluent from a production nuclear reactor. Fish populations in the lake have lesions of epizooty from which Aeromonas spp. are readily isolated. Distribution and population densities of Aeromonas in the water column were measured along an oxygen and temperature gradient. Greater population densities of Aeromonas occurred below the oxygen chemocline when the lake was stratified. Survival of A. hydrophila under in situ conditions in both epilimnetic and hypolimnetic waters was determined using polycarbonate membrane diffusion chambers, during two separate reactor operating conditions. Survival levels of pure cultures of A. hydrophila corresponded to the distribution patterns of the naturally occurring Aeromonas-like populations. The greater survival of A. hydrophila below the chemocline when the reactor was in full operation suggests that the fish populations may be exposed to Aeromonas for a longer period of time than when the reactor is not operating. (auth)

Four large aperture superconducting bending magnets are being built for use in the experimental beams at the AGS. Each of these magnets is 2.5 m long and has a room temperature aperture of 20 cm. The magnets are similar in design to the dipoles being developed for ISABELLE and employ a low temperature iron core. Results are presented on the ''training'' behavior of the magnets and a comparison will be made with the smaller aperture versions of this design. The magnet field measurements include end fields and leakage fields as well as the harmonic components of the straight section of the magnet.

Uranium conversion, enrichment, and fuel fabrication facilities generate gaseous wastes that must be treated prior to being discharged to the atmosphere. Since all three process and/or handle similar compounds, they also encounter similar gaseous waste disposal problems, the majority of which are treated in a similar manner. Ventilation exhausts from personnel areas and equipment off-gases that do not contain corrosive gases (such as HF) are usually passed through roughening and/or HEPA filters prior to release. Ventilation exhausts that contain larger quantities of particles, such as the conversion facilities' U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ sampling operation, are passed through bag filters or cyclone separators, while process off-gases containing corrosive materials are normally treated by sintered metal filters or scrubbers. The effectiveness of particle removal varies from about 90 percent for a scrubber alone to more than 99.9 percent for HEPA filters or a combination of the various filters and scrubbers. The removal of nitrogen compounds (N/sub 2/, HNO/sub 3/, NO/sub x/, and NH/sub 3/) is accomplished by scrubbers in the enrichment and fuel fabrication facilities. The conversion facility utilizes a nitric acid recovery facility for both pollution control and economic recovery of raw materials. Hydrogen removal from gaseous waste streams is generally achieved …

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has made an engineering cost--environmental benefit study of radioactive waste treatment systems for decreasing the amount of radioactive materials released from uranium ore processing mills. This paper summarizes the results of the study which pertain to the control and/or abatement of airborne radioactive materials from the mill processes. The tailings area is not included. Present practices in the uranium milling industry, with particular emphasis on effluent control and waste management, have been surveyed. A questionnaire was distributed to each active mill in the United States. Replies were received from about 75 percent of the mill operators. Visits were made to six operating uranium mills that were selected because they represented the different processes in use today and the newest, most modern in mill designs. Discussions were held with members of the Region IV Office of NRC and the Grand Junction Office of ERDA. Nuclear Science Abstracts, as well as other sources, were searched for literature pertinent to uranium mill processes, effluent control, and waste management.

A significant part of the LMFBR fuel reprocessing development program has been devoted to the development of efficient removal systems for the volatile fission products, including /sup 131/I, krypton, tritium, /sup 129/I, and most recently /sup 14/C. Flowsheet studies have indicated that very significant reductions of radioactive effluents can be achieved by integrating advanced effluent control systems with new concepts of containment and ventilation; however, the feasibility of such has not yet been established, nor have the economics been examined. This paper presents a flowsheet for the application of advanced containment systems to the processing of LMFBR fuels and summarizes the status and applicability of specific fission product removal systems.

Recent heat flow data indicates that about 95,000 sq. mi. in 13 western U.S. states is underlain, at a depth of 5 km (16,400 ft) by hot dry rock at temperatures above 290/sup 0/C (440/sup 0/F.). Therefore a geothermal energy development program was undertaken to develop methods from extracting thermal energy from hot rock in the earth crust by man-made underground circulation systems; demonstrate the commercial feasibility of such systems; and encourage use of this technology. Experiments performed on the Jemez Plateau in New Mexico are described with information on the drilling of boreholes, hydraulic fracturing of hot rocks, well logging, and environmental monitoring to establish base line data and define the potential effects of the project. The technical achievements of the project include boreholes were drilled to 3k (10,000 ft) with bottomhole temperatures of approximately 200/sup 0/C (390/sup 0/F); hydraulic fracturing produced fractured regions with 150 m (500 ft) radii; at least 90 percent of the water injected was recovered; and data was obtained on geologic conditions, seismic effects, and thermal, fracturing, and chemical properties of the downhole rocks. A geothermal power-production system model was formulated for evaluating the total cost of developing power production using a hot-dry-rock geothermal …

An all epitaxial silicon diode (ESD) heavy ion detector has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The active area of the detector is 5 cm/sup 2/ and has a total thickness of 50 ..mu... The response of the detector has been studied with fission fragments, alpha particles, oxygen ions, and sulfur ions. A number of advantages in terms of both fabrication and performance are discussed.

The current U.S. program to expand the capacity of gaseous diffusion plants is described and the status of the CIP/CUP programs summarized. Work being conducted on the design of an 8.75-million SWU/y add-on plant to the Portsmouth diffusion cascade is also reported. The status of the U.S. government gas centrifuge program is reported on. Other processes being under evaluation include laser isotope separation and aerodynamic separation. 13 figures (DLC)

In 1968, most of the evaporation cooled recirculating water systems at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory were nearly inoperable due to scale. These systems, consisting of cooling towers, evaporative water coolers, evaporative condensers, and air washers had been operated on continuous blowdown without chemical treatment. The feedwater contained 80 mg/l silica. A successful program of routine chemical addition in the make-up water was begun. Blends of chelants, dispersants and corrosion inhibitors were found to gradually remove old scale, prevent new scale, and keep corrosion to less than an indicated rate of one mil per year. An explanation has been proposed that amorphous silica by itself does not form a troublesome scale. When combined with a crystal matrix such as calcite, the resultant silica containing scale can be quite troublesome. Rapid buildup of silica containing scale can be controlled and prevented by preventing formation of crystals from other constituents in the water such as hardness or iron. (auth)

Two types of LMFBR safety problems are analyzed using the SIMMER-I code. A whole core analysis of a 1000 MW(e) LMFBR subject to a 20 dollar/second reactivity insertion provides insight into the large scale extended material motions which result and indicates the necessity for using space-time kinetics to adequately determine the neutronic state of this system. The second problem simulates a single subassembly dry autoclave experiment. The transport behavior of the materials depends strongly on complex, interactive phenomena. This problem, which assumes a constant input power of three times nominal, shows a substantial redistribution of materials toward the axial blanket regions where both fuel and stainless steel freezing occurs.

An analysis of the carburization-decarburization behavior of austenitic stainless steels in the primary heat-transport systems of the EBR-II and FFTF has been made that is based upon a kinetic model for the diffusion process and the surface area of steel in contact with flowing sodium at various temperatures in the two systems. The analysis was performed for operating conditions that result in sodium outlet temperatures of 474 and 566/sup 0/C in the FFTF and 470/sup 0/C in the EBR-II. If there was no external source of carbon to the system, i.e., other than the carbon initially present in the steel and the sodium, the dynamic-equilibrium carbon concentrations calculated for the FFTF primary sodium were approximately 0.025 and approximately 0.065 ppm for the 474 and 566/sup 0/C outlet temperatures, respectively, and approximately 0.018 ppm for the EBR-II primary system. The analysis indicated that a carbon-source rate of approximately 250 g/y would be required to increase the carbon concentration of the EBR-II sodium to the measured range of approximately 0.16--0.19 ppm. An evaluation of possible carbon sources and the amount of carbonaceous material introduced into the reactor cover gas and sodium suggests that the magnitude of the calculated contamination rate is reasonable. …

A computer code was developed for two-dimensional, nonsteady heat conduction in heterogeneous, anisotropic solids with non-uniform volumetric internal heating. Fixed boundary temperatures, thermal radiation and arbitrary heat flux boundary conditions are accommodated. Coolant tubes are taken into account by prescribing fluid temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. With regard to coolant tubes, we allow for: (a) heat capacitance in the tube wall, coolant tube in contact with the structural material; (b) zero heat capacitance in the tube wall, coolant tube in contact with the structural material; and (c) zero heat capacitance in the tube wall, radiation gap between the wall and structure. The finite difference equations are solved by the standard explicit method. The following topics are developed: (a) the finite difference equations for internal nodes; (b) detailed development of thermal radiant flux expressions with view-factor determination; (c) thermal radiation boundary conditions coupled with conduction equation; and (d) solution method.

An experiment is described which was performed to provide benchmark data to test GCFR fuel pin streaming calculations. The experiment, performed at the Tower Shielding Facility, consisted of 902 UO/sub 2/ fuel pins arranged on a triangular pitch with a void fraction comparable to that of the GCFR. A spectrum modifier consisting of a spectrum modifier was used to provide a spectrum similar to that of a fast reactor. Spectral measurements tended to show a strong streaming effect with the total flux showing a sharp drop over small angular traverses from the centerline. Two-dimensional calculations employing both homogeneous and heterogeneous models were used to calculate neutron spectra. Data are presented and compared. (DG)