Measurements of the dependence on s = (p{sub a} + p{sub b}){sup 2} of the cross section for single charged hadron production in the reactions a + b {yields} c + anything are presented. Particle c is detected in a fixed interval of laboratory momentum and angle in the fragmentation region of the target proton. For the energy range studied there are significant departures from A + Bs{sup -1/2} energy dependence. When these departures are taken into account, asymptotic predictions such as Pomeron factorization can be tested.

Two emulsion chambers of sandwich type of nuclear emulsion and thin lead plates were exposed to 303 GeV/c proton beams at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. 70 jet showers tagged by high energy {gamma} rays were analyzed and correlations between high energy {gamma} rays and charged particles with large transverse momenta were studied. Strong correlation was observed between these components and a possible explanation for this effect may be the formation of a forward excited baryon and its decay. A special event with a direct electron was also observed.

A lead glass electromagnetic shower detector with active area 30cm {times} 30cm and 28 radiation lengths has been constructed and tested in a {approximately}5--15% electron/{pi}{sup {minus}} beam at Fermilab. The unique feature of this detector is the use of lead glass rather than lead, customarily used as the photon converter. This eliminates the uncertainty of total energy deposition in the system, allowing a {approximately}3% (FWHM) energy resolution at 50 GeV. The position of the shower is determined by pulse distributions from a three-layer array of thin scintillator fingers (1.5cm {times} 1.5mm) resulting in a resolution of {approximately} 4mm (FWHM).

A preliminary partial wave analysis of K/sup -/p elastic and charge-exchange scattering is reported. The y/sup +/ resonant amplitudes are listed, and the Argand diagrams are shown. (JFP)

The demand for evaluated numerical data in the physical sciences and engineering, accentuated by the programmatic objectives of the U.S. ERDA, is being met in part at LLL by the data management research project, which is devoted to the creation of scientific data bases, design and implementation of scientific data management systems, and computer communication and networking. The evolution of this program and the LLL computer systems on which it is based are described. 14 figures. (RWR)

The goal of direct application in-vessel air cleaning systems is to reduce the two hour integrated dose leaking from a containment vessel after a design basis accident by rapidly reducing airborne sodium aerosol concentration within the vessel. This reduction in concentration is achieved by direct action on the entire containment volume rather than by a more conventional recirculating clean-up loop. Strategies that have been evaluated include: increased sedimentation by enhanced agglomeration using powder dispersal, acoustic energy, or turbulence, and powder scavenging. Experiments were conducted by burning metallic sodium in a 90 m/sup 3/ chamber to achieve aerosol concentrations up to 10 gm/m/sup 3/. The time decay of the airborne mass was measured by sequential filter sampling and the effectiveness of each enhancement method was evaluated by comparison with decay profiles of untreated aerosols. Experiments with induced turbulent agglomeration show 2-hour dose reduction factors (DRF's) up to 43. Under the same scale turbulence conditions it is likely that a similar DRF would be achieved in a 30 m high containment vessel. Powder dispersal scavenging tests in the same chamber showed 2-hour DRF's up to 7.2--a performance level which would also be duplicated in a 30 m high containment vessel.

The utility of coded aperture ..gamma.. camera imaging of radioisotope distributions in Nuclear Medicine is in its ability to give depth information about a three dimensional source. We have calculated imaging with Fresnel zone plate and multiple pinhole apertures to produce coded shadows and reconstruction of these shadows using correlation, Fresnel diffraction, and Fourier transform deconvolution. Comparisons of the coded apertures and decoding methods are made by evaluating their point response functions both for in-focus and out-of-focus image planes. Background averages and standard deviations were calculated. In some cases, background subtraction was made using combinations of two complementary apertures. Results using deconvolution reconstruction for finite numbers of events are also given.

General aspects of fuel performance for typical Boiling and Pressurized Water Reactors are presented. Emphasis is placed on fuel failures in order to make clear important operational limitations. A discussion of fuel element designs is first given to provide the background information for the subsequent discussion of several fuel failure modes that have been identified. Fuel failure experiences through December 31, 1974, are summarized. The operational limitations that are required to mitigate the effects of fuel failures are discussed.

In this paper, the effect on constitutive behavior of the presence of rigid particles, embedded in and bonded to a rigid-plastic porous matrix, is examined. It is shown that the yield function is altered, and that the familiar concept of the yield function as a plastic potential must be used more carefully. The results also show how a void nucleation mechanism could destabilize, causing rapid bulk softening and failure.

Some results of USA-Dubna experiments on coherent scattering of protons by protons and deuterons are reviewed. Reactions are either elastic scattering or are inclusive inelastic where the proton is diffractively dissociated. In addition, objectives of future experiments using the P-/sup 4/He system are briefly outlined. (SDF)

The principal aim of the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) program is to develop pilot plants and, ultimately, repositories in several different rock formations in various parts of the country. Rocks such as salt, shale, limestone, granite, schists, and serpentinite may all qualify as host media for the disposition of radioactive wastes in the proper environments. In general, the only requirement for any rock formation or storage site is that it contain any emplaced wastes for so long as it takes for the radioactive materials to decay to innocuous levels. This requirement, though, is a formidable one as some of the wastes will remain active for periods of hundreds of thousands of years and the physical and chemical properties of rocks that govern circulating groundwater and hence containment, are difficult to determine and define. Nevertheless, there are many rock types and a host of areas throughout the country where conditions are promising for the development of waste repositories. Some of these are discussed below.

The possibility of using the ocean as a neutrino detector is considered. Neutrino-produced interactions result in charged particles that generate Cherenkov radiation in the water, which can be detected by light-gathering equipment and photomultipliers. The properties of the ocean as seen from this standpoint are critically examined, and the advantages and disadvantages pointed out. Possible uses for such a neutrino detector include (1) the detection of neutrinos emitted in gravitational collapse of stars (supernova production), not only in our own galaxy, but in other galaxies up to perhaps twenty-million light-years away, (2) the extension of high-energy neutrino physics, as currently practiced up to 200 GeV at high-energy accelerators, to energies up to 50 times higher, using neutrinos generated in the atmosphere by cosmic rays, and (3) the possible detection of neutrinos produced by cosmic-ray interactions outside the earth's atmosphere. The technology for such an undertaking seems to be within reach.

Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering up to four phonons in GaSe and one and two phonon resonant Raman scattering in the mixed GaS/sub x/Se/sub 1 - x/ crystals with x less than or equal to 0.23 were investigated. The results can be explained by a simple theory in which the dispersion of the resonance behavior is mainly dominated by resonances with the 1s direct exciton state.

Temporally and spectrally resolved x-ray emission is an important diagnostic tool for the study of target heating and compression induced by sub-nanosecond laser pulses. The use of the Livermore 15 psec x-ray streak camera to record x-ray emissions in the 1-10 keV range is described. In particular, significant progress is reported during the past year in defining the camera as a quantitative diagnostic instrument, and its implementation for multi-channel, time resolved K-edge filter measurements. Data will be presented which describe x-ray emission from a laser imploded 87 ..mu..m diameter glass shell. Channels centered at 2.6, 4.0 and 5.3 keV provide temporal information which is related to the absorption and compression phases of laser heating. The relative spectral content is found to be in agreement with standard, time integrated measurements.

The physical chemistry category of the Geothermal Informance Resource (GRID) is discussed with emphasis on the need for improvement in the data available. The discussion is limited to aqueous solutions. (MHR)

Separate abstracts are included for twenty-nine of the thirty papers presented concerning vertical axis wind turbines. One paper has previously been abstracted and included in the ERDA Energy Data Base and Energy Research Abstracts journal.

A nickel-free Fe-12 Mn-0.2 Ti alloy steel was investigated for cryogenic applications. The systematic control of the grain size and the microstructural distribution of the retained ..gamma.. phase was made through ..cap alpha.. + ..gamma.. heat treatments in combination with mechanical working. Substantial improvements of important low temperature mechanical properties were obtained by these processings. Our results indicated a good possibility of developing a new, inexpensive cryogenic steel.

Large aperture, beryllium substrate-based mirrors have been used to focus high intensity pulsed laser beams. Finished surfaces have high reflectivity, low wavefront distortion, and high laser damage thresholds. This paper describes the development of a series of metallic coatings, surface finishing techniques, and dielectric overcoatings to meet specified performance requirements. Beryllium substrates were coated with copper, diamond-machined to within 5 micro-inches to final contour, nickel plated, and abrasively figured to final contour. Bond strengths for several bonding processes are presented. Dielectric overcoatings were deposited on finished multimetallic substrates to increase both reflectivity and the damage thresholds. Coatings were deposited using both high and low temperature processes which induce varying stresses in the finished coating substrate system. Data are presented to show the evolution of wavefront distortion, reflectivity, and damage thresholds throughout the many steps involved in fabrication.

A scan for directly produced positrons in 5,000 neutrino interactions in the neon (21 percent) hydrogen filled bubble chamber at Fermilab has yielded 15 events, 9 of which have ..mu../sup -/'s identified in the external muon identifier. On correcting for detection efficiency one obtains sigma(e/sup +/..mu../sup -/)/sigma(..mu../sup -/) approximately 1 x 10/sup -2/ for E/sub e/sup +// > .8 GeV and E/sub ..nu../ > 5 GeV. The kaon multiplicity is unexpectedly high. Eleven of the events have one or more Vees and three have two or more. Among the 11 events are two clear ..lambda..'s and two ambiguous K/sup 0//..lambda... There are four events with identifiable charged kaons. A 16th e/sup +/ event (9) is a definite ..nu../sub e/. From this information one concludes that the kaon multiplicity is 2 +- .6 K/sup 0/'s and 2 +- 1 K/sup + -/'s per interaction. From the observation <p/sub ..mu../sup -//>/<p/sub e/sup +//> = 6.6, one concludes that the e/sup +/'s are probably not uniquely from heavy lepton decay. From a variety of analyses involving the e/sup +/ and/or K/sup 0/'s one learns that the mass of the hadron (C) that produces the e/sup +/'s is greater than 1.6 GeV. By determining …

Evidence for high transverse momentum in cosmic ray interactions is reviewed in the context of models with hard collisions of partons and jet production. Two types of experiments suggest significant production of secondaries with high p/sub T/ above 10/sup 4/ GeV. One compares the cosmic ray data to hard scattering models and discusses further analysis needed to distinguish such models from other possibilities for production of large transverse momentum.

The treatment of the reactions mechanisms involved in nucleon knockout concerns the ideas of what actually happens in nucleon knockout, whether the deviations from the simplest plane wave picture interfere with an extraction of the wave function, and whether or not the desire to measure the bound state wave functions blinds one to the possibility of obtaining other interesting information from this reaction or from finding exciting new processes taking place. Included are the plane- and distorted-wave impulse approximations, some failures, and more sophisticated reaction mechanisms. /sup 12/C(P,2P) and /sup 4/He(P,2P) are discussed covering cross sections and spectroscopic factors.

Current techniques for manufacturing off-axis paraboloids are both expensive and insufficiently accurate. An alternative method, turning the workpiece about its axis on a diamond-turning machine, is presented, and the equations describing the necessary tool movement are derived. A discussion of a particular case suggests that the proposed technique is feasible.

Practical problems encountered in a number of advanced technology applications, particularly those related to energy conversion, are discussed. Refractory ionic compounds which are abundant and of high melting point are listed, and technological problems are discussed in terms of specific materials problems. The argument is made that basic information concerning transport properties in refractory compounds is lacking to such an extent that it is difficult to design and assess advanced energy generation systems. Technology applications include (a) ceramic nuclear fuels for high temperature fission reactors, (b) high temperature gas turbine blades, (c) insulators in controlled thermonuclear reactors, and (d) magnetohydrodynamic generators. Some of the difficulties inherent in making transport property measurements at high temperatures are also listed.

Several models have been suggested to describe the volume behavior of porous materials under hydrostatic loading. The model presented here accounts for variations in both porosity and the amount of fluid contained within that porosity. The model also attempts to predict the one-dimensional strain loading pressure-volume relationship and the stress difference-confining pressure curve. Only the simplest assumptions were used for the development of this model. These assumptions are discussed and the predictions for Mt. Helen tuff are compared to experimental data.