The review of total hadron electroproduction cross sections, the new states, and the muon--electron events includes large amount of information on hadron structure, nine states with width ranging from 10's of keV to many MeV, the principal decay modes and quantum numbers of some of the states, and limits on charm particle production. 13 references. (JFP)

Uranium exploration once again is in a ''boom'' cycle. The energy needs of the OPEC and non-OPEC countries alike have created a demand for uranium which appears certain to increase in future years. In turn, this demand has stimulated a dramatic rise in both the price of uranium and the exploration activity necessary to discover new reserves. One immediate reaction to the sudden increase in uranium exploration activity has been the evaluation of old exploration methods and equipment. This paper briefly reviews some of the traditional equipment and techniques which currently are being refined and updated. Undoubtedly this equipment, complemented with good exploration planning and judgment, will continue to be relied upon for many years and will lead to the discovery of many new deposits. The paper also covers in greater detail some of the newer, less conventional techniques and equipment now being introduced for uranium exploration. These new methods may be expected to keep this country in the forefront among the uranium producers of the world.

Recommendations are discussed with regard to population ecology, microbial food webs, marine ecosystems, improved instrumentation, and effects of land and sea on shallow marine systems. The control of secondary production is discussed with regard to present status of knowledge; research needs for studies on dominant secondary producers, food webs that lead to commercial species, and significant features of the trophic structure of shallow water marine communities. Secondary production at the land-water interface is discussed with regard to present status of knowledge; importance of macrophytes to secondary production; export to secondary consumers; utilization of macrophyte primary production; and correlations between secondary production and river discharge. The role of microorganisms in secondary production is also discussed. (HLW)

Diffusion membrane type hydrogen detectors are provided for monitoring the sodium exiting each evaporator and superheater in the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant. These detectors allow detection of small water to sodium leaks and provide the plant operator with an early warning signal. Hydrogen detectors are located at the exit sodium streams of each steam generator module, the vent from the module semi-stagnant region, the cold leg piping, and in an intermediate system sodium expansion tank cover gas region. In addition, an electrochemical oxygen detector is located in the cold leg piping. The leak detection system is capable of detecting the presence of steam/water leaks on the order of 0.45 x 10/sup -5/ kg/sec or larger and of signaling within one to three minutes upon initiation of a leak, during normal operation. Operator action is taken upon receipt of a leak signal to shutdown the affected system, by closing steam/water isolation valves and depressurizing the affected unit.

This paper reviews current progress in the development of fusion power from the engineering point of view and highlights the most outstanding technical issues which must be resolved. (MOW)

Separate abstracts were prepared for seven sections of this report. Abstracts of two papers appeared previously in ERA.

A regional transport model of atmospheric sulfates was developed. This quasi-Lagrangian three-dimensional grid numerical model uses a detailed SO/sub 2/ emission inventory of major anthropogenic sources in the eastern U.S. region and observed meteorological data during an episode as inputs. The model accounts for advective transport and turbulent diffusion of the pollutants. The chemical transformation of SO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ and the deposition of the species at the earth's surface are assumed to be linear processes at specified constant rates. The numerical model can predict the daily average concentrations of SO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ at all receptor locations in the grid region during the episode. Because of the spatial resolution of the grid, this model is particularly suited to investigate the effect of tall stacks in reducing the ambient concentration levels of sulfur pollutants. The formulations and assumptions of the regional sulfate transport model are presented. The model inputs and results are discussed. Isopleths of predicted SO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ concentrations are compared with the observed ground level values.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the individual papers.

The conference contained 23 papers, two of which appeared previously in ERA. Separate abstracts were prepared for 21 papers. (JFP)

The increased work load on the 8542A Automatic Network Analyzer revealed a need for a more efficient and flexible system to support measurement as well as software development projects. A search for such a system resulted in the choice of the moving head disc operating system (DOS-M). The conversion of the ANA operating system to DOS-M enhanced the operation and efficiency of the 8542A ANA. 5 figures.

The development of a general technique of analyzing well tests with variable flow rates is reported. The variable flow is approximated by a series of sequential straight line segments of arbitrary length and slope. (MHR)

Several hypotheses and concepts have tended to oversimplify the problem of mutagenesis and can be misleading when used for genetic risk estimation. These include: the hypothesis that radiation-induced mutation frequency depends primarily on the DNA content per haploid genome, the extension of this concept to chemical mutagenesis, the view that, since DNA is DNA, mutational effects can be expected to be qualitatively similar in all organisms, the REC unit, and the view that mutation rates from chronic irradiation can be theoretically and accurately predicted from acute irradiation data. Therefore, direct determination of frequencies of transmitted mutations in mammals continues to be important for risk estimation, and the specific-locus method in mice is shown to be not as expensive as is commonly supposed for many of the chemical testing requirements.

Protection against intermediate sodium system overpressure from the sodium/water reaction associated with large leaks within the CRBRP Steam Generators is provided by the sodium/water reaction pressure relief system (SWRPRS). This system consists of rupture disks connected to the intermediate sodium piping adjacent to the inlet to the superheater and outlet from the evaporator modules. The rupture discs relieve into piping that leads to reaction produce separator tanks, which in turn are vented to a centrifugal separator and flare stack arranged to burn hydrogen gas exhausting into the atmosphere. Analyses have been conducted using the TRANSWRAP Computer Code to predict the system pressures and flow rates during the large leak event. Experimental tests to be conducted in the large leak test rig (LLTR) will be used to confirm the analysis techniques used in the design.

A description is given of the FFTF Document Control and Information Retrieval System. The system utilizes a mini-computer along with various microfilm equipment and is designed to accommodate an anticipated 50 million pages of text and 750,000 drawings. The system is simple, uncluttered, eliminates duplication, and provides quick retrievability of documents for all technical and administrative personnel.

Experts in rock mechanics, mining, excavation, drilling, tunneling and use of underground space met to discuss the relative merits of a wide variety of rock fragmentation schemes. Information is presented on novel rock fracturing techniques; tunneling using electron beams, thermocorer, electric spark drills, water jets, and diamond drills; and rock fracturing research needs for mining and underground construction. (LCL)

Measurements of the dependence on s = (p{sub a} + p{sub b}){sup 2} of the cross section for single charged hadron production in the reactions a + b {yields} c + anything are presented. Particle c is detected in a fixed interval of laboratory momentum and angle in the fragmentation region of the target proton. For the energy range studied there are significant departures from A + Bs{sup -1/2} energy dependence. When these departures are taken into account, asymptotic predictions such as Pomeron factorization can be tested.

Distributions in the scaling variable y are presented based on a study of approximately 700 antineutrino events in the energy range 10-200 GeV obtained using the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber filled with a light Hydrogen-Neon mixture. The distributions are inconsistent with a (1 -y){sup 2} form predicted by the simple quark parton model of the nucleon without antiquarks, but can be well fitted assuming a relative antiquark contribution of (10 {+-} 5)%. For small values of the Bjorken scaling variable (x < 0.1) the y-distribution can be well fitted assuming a relative antiquark contribution of (20 {+-} 5)%. For events at small x in the energy range 30-200 GeV the y-distribution is in good agreement with the results reported by the HPWF group.

The authors have examined 1200 interactions with visible energies greater than 7.5 GeV produced by an anti-neutrino beam in the Fermilab 15-foot bubble chamber filled with a light neon hydrogen mixture. They have found one event with a {mu}{sup +}e{sup -} and hadrons in the final state, but with no evidence of strange particle production. This event may be an example of dilepton production by an anti-neutrino interaction, but other interpretations are possible. With 90% confidence, they conclude that the rate for the process {bar {nu}} + N {yields} e{sup -} + {mu}{sup +} + hadrons is {le} .8% of charged current anti-neutrino interactions with visible energy > 7.5 GeV.

Scales do not develop equally on different substrates, even when bulk physicochemical conditions are the same. The reason for these differential developments, one must presume, are due to subtle features of the near-surface region, either composition or structure. They intend to focus their studies on the structural aspects, including concerns about the molecular structures of solvated components that may be involved with the surface reactions. This approach is richly mechanistic in outlook. It involves concepts of stereo constraints on the chemical processes by which solutes exchange atoms or electrons with substrates. These constraints are a consequence of the more or less regular pattern of electropotential that exists at a crystalline surface. In principle, the electropotential pattern can be manipulated either through the substrate (more precisely by selecting or designing substrates that have desirable patterns) or through the components in the near-surface liquid which modify the basic substrate-induced patterns there.

In the Cerro Prieto Geothermal field, where the predominant fluid in the reservoir is water, they have had problems with silica and other deposits in the first exploration wells as well as in production wells. Scaling problems have also been encountered in silencers, cyclone separators, drains, water pipes, etc. Some scale problems have also been encountered in the turbine blades of the geothermal electric plant. Most of these problems have been solved by corrective procedures which, in some cases, have turned into routine. Scale deposition is a problem that certainly diminishes the useful capacity of geothermal fluids with water predominance, but it does not actually endanger the installations, since this problem is under control.

Previous feasibility studies Bechtel (1975), TRW (1975) for electric power generation utilizing geothermal resources have tended to focus primarily on the power plant and have neglected the fuel production and effluent disposal facilities. The Dow Chemical USA study (1974) for the Governor's Energy Advisory Council, State of Texas, placed equal emphasis on the power plant and the fuel plant. The study reported in Chapter II and in what follows in this chapter, also places equal emphasis on the two types of facilities. It is important that the fuel plant, the well field, the fuel processing plant, and the effluent disposal facility be the subject of a preliminary conceptual design and costing activity so that economic and net energetics analysis can be performed. The activity also serves to assess technological maturity of the fuel plant and to identify technical problems requiring further study. The resource considered was the model resource outlined in Sectio B, Chapter II. Fuel plants were outlined for three power generation plants: single-stage flash steam, two-stage flash steam, and propane secondary working fluid plant.

The geopressured geothermal resource is an unproven, poorly characterized resource. For this reason, detailed designs of utilization facilities are neither desired nor justifiable at this time. However, an overall preliminary design study, the purpose of which is to establish a baseline for technical, net energetic, and economic assessment, is justified. Clearly, if overwhelming technical, net energetic, or economic problems can be identified during the basic planning phase for a project, then plans for eliminating or mitigating those problems must be incorporated into the basic project plan or the project should be terminated. Definition of a model resource based upon existing resource assessment data was essential in order to reduce the quantity of parametric studies to an absolute minimum. Once the model resource was characterized, then the potential conversion system alternatives were reduced to those which were sufficiently technologically mature and which were suited for the model resource. Two such conversion systems were considered appropriate -- the flash steam and secondary working fluid cycles. Preliminary conceptual design studies of these electric generation plants were preformed by two subcontractors. Brown and Root, Inc. studied the secondary working fluid plant, and Dow Chemical USA, Texas Division, studied the flash steam plant.

Two issues pervade all of geothermal fluids utilization--the resource and the economics of producing and utilizing it and the effluent and the economics of disposing of it in an environmentally acceptable manner. Clearly, the resource must be available; its availability, however, will not be attractive unless the effluents can be disposed of economically. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the accumulated evidence concerning disposal alternatives from the standpoint of technology, economics, and the environment. It is an interesting commentary on our technical and philosophical outlook that brine disposal has heretofore received dramatically less attention from the geothermal industry than has resource assessment and production. Although the Texas project has also tended to be similarly inclined, work, of which this chapter is a brief survey, is now underway in an attempt to balance the scale.

Laboratory experiments using Salton Sea Geothermal Field brines at elevated temperatures are costly, time-consuming, and potentially difficult to perform. The LLL Geothermal Program is therefore also attempting to predict equilibria in the SSGF brines by computation. Two approaches to this problem are being taken. Modeling of chemical reactions in the brines is being carried out using the Helgeson-Herrick (HH) code. In addition, the precipitation of many solids is being studied individually using effective activity coefficients which take chloride complexing into account. The results of both methods are consistent with one another in predicting precipitation behavior in the temperature range 100-300 C. For example, results for Sinclair No. 4 brines at 200 C indicate that at low pH, SiO{sub 2}, MnO{sub 2}, and Fe silicates precipitate. As pH increases, Cu and Fe sulfides, Fe silicates and Fe oxides also precipitate. For the San Diego Gas and Electric Magmamax brine at 200 C, the HH code predicts results quite similar to those described above for the Sinclair No. 4 brine with one notable exception, PbS precipitated at pH greater than 4.0. This correlates with observations on the scale examined from the San Diego Gas and Electric test site.