Materials were bombarded by protons, deuterons, and helium ions. The materials investigated were quartz; glasses; carbides and borides (SiC, B/sub 4/C, TiB/sub 2/); oxides and nitrides (magnorite, sapphire, spinel, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, ZrO/sub 2/, BaTiO/sub 3/); and miscellaneous (graphite, LiNbO/sub 3/, copper). Oberservations were of growth, reflectivity, blistering, surface ablation, and swelling. Calculations were made of the effects of a layer, of its gradual transformation, and of the introduction of a gas. It is concluded that: Radiation blistering is not a primary process. Observations of blister formation and exfoliation cannot be used to calculate the surface ablation rate. The primary process is the development of a microporous layer which causes swelling. Visible blisters are caused by fracturing by transverse stresses in this layer and may occur during the bombardment, or in some cases, much later, in storage. There is no evidence of extreme gas pressures in the blisters. When blisters develop, they may be stable under continued bombardment for a dose many times that at which they formed. The swelling is a better index of the effects than is the blistering, and must be associated in most cases with permeability to the gas. Behavior with protons and …

This paper discusses the accelerating, or main supply for the Neutral Injection System on PLT and, in particular, provides evaluation of a system for protection against the possibility of an arc developing in the accel portion of the ion source gun. The design of a protection scheme utilizing a fast turn-on and turn-off ignitron crowbar is described and evaluated. This crowbar is used to provide backup protection for the ion source high power vacuum tube used as a voltage regulator and series switch. Ignitron crowbars are proposed for use as primary protection of the 150 KV ion source being developed for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) if a 150 KV switch tube is not readily available and inexpensive. (auth)

This paper presents plans, engineering parameters, and some test results for several FFTF core and primary sodium circuit instrument systems. Systems to be discussed include temperature, flow, pressure, leak detectors, level sensors, fuel failure monitoring, sodium impurity analysis and cover gas monitors. Results of recent demonstration tests of the FFTF Under-Sodium Viewing and Ranging system are also presented.

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The design of a multi-level store file management system is described. The index structure and functional capabilities of the system are presented. The paper discusses the roles of disk and tape in the system, how the system was debugged, periodic checks of the disk space management, some interesting statistics, and the future of the FILEM system. 4 figures

Information is presented under the following section headings: LMFBR program options and their compatibility with the major issues affecting commercial development, Proposed Final Environmental Statement for the LMFBR program, December 1974, WASH-1535, supplemental material, and material relating to Proposed Final Environmental Statement review. (DG)

Included are copies of fifty-six comment letters on the Proposed Final Environmental Statement together with the ERDA replies to these letters. The letters were received from Federal, State, and local agencies, environmental and public interest groups, members of the academic and industrial communities, and individual citizens. (DG)

A T/sup -1/2/ variation of resistivity with temperature near T = 0 is found in rapidly quenched amorphous Ni--Pd--P alloys containing up to at.percent Mn, providing further evidence for the existence of this new singularity. It is argued that the new resistivity term arises from interference between multiple scattering of conduction electrons by atoms in magnetic and nonmagnetic states and is observed as a consequence of a short electron mean free path and breakdown of conservation of electron momenta in amorphous alloys. (auth)

In the northwestern part of Virginia and adjacent parts of West Virginia there are approximately 100 springs that have temperatures ranging from slightly above the mean air temperature (9 to 12/sup 0/C) to about 41/sup 0/C. A study was made to evaluate the geothermal resource potential of the area in the vicinity of the Warm Springs anticline in Bath and Allegheny Counties, Virginia. Phase I of the study is the compilation of a geologic map based on published maps and supported by reconnaissance and detailed geologic mapping in areas where published maps are not available. Phase II consists of a regional bipole-dipole electrical resistivity survey made in order to detect the presence of resistivity lows that might be associated with a geothermal system at depth. Phase III will include drilling a single hole to a depth of approximately 300 m with the hope of obtaining a heat flow value that is representative of the region. (LBS)

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) Geothermal Research and Development Project is conducting two major geothermal development efforts: (1) a project aimed at medium temperature (approximately 300/sup 0/F) utilization to produce electricity with supplemental direct thermal use of the energy and (2) a low temperature (approximately 170/sup 0/F) space heating project. The first effort has progressed in the field to the successful drilling of two deep geothermal wells providing flows of the desired temperature in the Raft River Valley of Southcentral Idaho. The second program involves the heating of government buildings and a university campus at Boise, Idaho. This report covers the period July 1 to September 30, 1975.

Two numerical techniques are described for the computation of the boundary value of time-dependent potential flows in a bounded domain where part of the boundary is a free surface. The linearized free surface condition relates the normal derivative of the potential to time derivatives of the potential on the undisturbed free surface. It is assumed that on the fixed part of the boundary the normal derivative of the potential is a given function of time. The problem is formulated via Green's identity. The first technique, QUAKE, uses the classical time-dependent Green's function which satisfies the linearized free surface condition, and the boundary value of the potential is obtained as a solution of an integral equation. The second technique, TDIET, uses the time-independent fundamental solution of the Laplace equation and the boundary value of the potential is obtained as a solution to a differentio-integral equation.

A computer program has been developed for fluid hammer analysis of piping systems attached to a vessel which has undergone a known rapid pressure transient. The program is based on the characteristics method for solution of the partial differential equations of motion and continuity. Column separation logic is included for situations in which pressures fall to saturation values.

The treatments involve high temperature (1100/sup 0/C) austenitizing during the first solution treatment followed by either interrupted quenching (Ms-Mf range) or isothermal transformation to produce lower bainite. Finally, the steels are given a 900/sup 0/C grain refinement treatment. Lower bainite was obtained by isothermally transforming austenite just above the Ms temperature. Tempering after the martensitic and bainitic treatments was also done in an attempt to improve the toughness of the material. The strength and toughness properties of as-quenched martensitic structures are somewhat superior while these properties of lower bainitic structures are comparable to those of a plain 0.4C steel. The properties of the nearly 100 percent bainite structure were unaffected by the cooling rate from the transformation temperature. Elimination of intergranular cracking produced toughness properties in quenched and tempered martensites which are far superior to those of lower bainite at the same strength level. It has also been shown that the toughness properties of as-quenched double-treated steels are superior to single treated steels. The chromium appeared to have a strong influence on the nature and morphology of carbides, as the bainitic as well as the martensitic structures showed marked temper resistance in the tempering range 200 to 500/sup 0/C.

A MWPC with external collimator converter system has been developed specifically for the detection of 0.511 MeV gammas in a positron camera. The design basis is applicable also to the imaging of other gammas and neutrons. The converter consists of honeycomb cells which provide an enhanced area of escape surface as well as restricting the range of conversion electrons to the cell dimensions. (WHK)

Light activated multilayered silicon semiconductor devices have been used to switch at megawatt power levels with nanosecond turnon time. Current rate of rise of 700 kA/..mu..s at 10 kA, with 1 kV across the load have been achieved. Recovery time of 1 millisec has been obtained. Applicability to fusion research needs is discussed.

The research involved the measurement, analysis and interpretation of high resolution neutron total and partial cross sections in the neutron energy range of few eV to few hundred keV in the following nuclei: Bi, Ta, Natural Copper, Natural Zinc, separated isotopes of copper, iron and zinc, e.g., $sup 54$Fe, $sup 56$Fe, $sup 58$Fe, $sup 63$Cu, $sup 65$Cu, $sup 64$Zn, $sup 66$Zn, $sup 67$Zn, $sup 68$Zn, $sup 70$Zn and Mn, Co, V. Some of these measurements were performed with the Columbia University's neutron velocity selector and the measurements on separated isotopes of iron, copper and zinc were performed with the Oak Ridge electron linear accelerator. By using area and shape analysis of resonances, the data were analyzed to extract the values of resonance parameters such as resonance energies (E/sub o/), neutron widths ($lambda$/sub n/), capture widths ($lambda$/sub $gamma$/) etc. The systematics of these results were investigated in detail. The results of these investigations have been submitted for publication in professional journals. (auth)

Work is reported on: 1. Viscous creep of fine-grained MgO doped with iron. 2. The effects of transition metal impurities and grain size on the creep of polycrystalline Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. 3. The non-viscous creep of large grain size MgO and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, pure and doped with transition metal impurities. 4. Stress relaxation tests on polycrystalline MgO and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, pure and doped with transition metal impurities. 5. The construction of creep deformation maps for polycrystalline MgO and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, pure and doped with iron. 6. Preliminary studies on the effect of grain size on the creep of polycrystalline mullite. Some of the significant findings include: 1. Power law creep (N approx. 3) in polycrystalline MgO is independent of iron doping, grain size, and oxygen partial pressure. 2. Three well-defined regimes have been identified for the diffusional creep of polycrystalline MgO and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, pure and doped with transition metal impurities: (1) cation grain boundary diffusion (2) cation lattice diffusion, (3) anion grain boundary diffusion. 3. Coble diffusional creep, which is rate-limited by oxygen grain boundary diffusion, has been identified in reduced iron-doped (2 cation percent) and double doped (1/4 percent Mn and 1/4 percent Ti) …

The influence of alloy microstructure on stress corrosion cracking of mild steel in caustic-nitrate synthetic nuclear waste solutions was studied. An evaluation was made of the effect of heat treatment on a representative material (ASTM A 516 Grade 70) used in the construction of high activity radioactive waste storage tanks at Savannah River Plant. Several different microstructures were tested for susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking. Precracked fracture specimens loaded in either constant load or constant crack opening displacement were exposed to a variety of caustic-nitrate and nitrate solutions. Results were correlated with the mechanical and corrosion properties of the microstructures. Crack velocity and crack arrest stress intensity were found to be related to the yield strength of the steel microstructures. Fractographic evidence indicated pH depletion and corrosive crack tip chemistry conditions even in highly caustic solutions. Experimental results were compatible with crack growth by a strain- assisted anodic dissolution mechanism; however, hydrogen embrittlement also was considered possible. (auth)

Results obtained by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and internal reflection infrared spectroscopy demonstrate the feasibility of heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide on soot particles in air. Sulfuric acid formed in this process can be neutralized on basic surface sites of soot particles, resulting in the formation of carbonium and/or oxonium sulfate. Hydrolysis of these salts into cyclic hemiacetals and sulfuric acid is expected.

The computer program INGRES was written to calculate the rate of air ingress into the prestressed concrete reactor vessel after a design-basis depressurization accident in a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The model includes the free convection loop that can occur in a cold-leg break, the expansion and contraction air exchange mechanisms, and the conversion of oxygen to carbon monoxide. Results are presented for the 2000-MW(t) Summit Power Station and the 3000-MW(t) Fulton Generating Station and are compared to computational results provided by the General Atomic Company. The results agree reasonably well even though some differences exist in the two models. (auth)

A systematic calculus of long-range Regge cut effects in multiparticle production is constructed in the form of an infrared-divergent stochastic field theory. Total cross sections and two-body overlap integrals in such a theory may depend very sensitively upon internal quantum-numbers of incident particles, resulting in a strong symmetry breaking at ultra-high energies. Such symmetry violations will influence low energy processes through dispersion relations, and a bootstrap of weak interactions becomes possible. A rough analytic estimate of the scale of thresholds for such effects yields a BCS-type gap equation, which expresses the scale of weak and electromagnetic couplings in terms of purely strong-interaction parameters. (auth)

The programming is completed for the necessary numerical computations to determine for a single irregular pore partially filled with residual oil, the critical value of the pressure drop across the pore, below which the residual oil will not be displaced but will instead assume a static configuration. A Version II of the meniscal breakoff apparatus was designed and constructed for use in the study of the measurement of small interfacial tensions by the rod-in-free surface meniscal breakoff method. (LK)

A large number of radioactive and non-radioactive airborne constituents are being measured continually at our coastal air-reference station located in northwestern Washington State. Important correlations have been observed between many of these materials and also with atmospheric parameters. The apparent relationships between changing concentrations and meteorological parameters are being tested using more thorough techniques of investigation, including back trajectory computer analyses. (auth)

During slow encounters between projectile and target atoms, the electronic atomic wave functions of the two collision partners distort and form molecular orbitals (MOs). K vacancy formation in slow heavy-ion collisions, which occur when electrons are excited out of the 2psigma and 1ssigma MOs, is considered. Experimental work using 200 MeV Kr ions is described. The main interest is the excitation of electrons from the 1ssigma MO. The 1ssigma vacancy production is only observed in very asymmetric collisions: as Kr K x rays in encounters with target atoms between H and Ar, and as target K x rays in encounters with atoms between Ce and U. Theoretical approximate calculations of 1ssigma ionization cross sections are described. (JFP)