None

None

None

The following topics were considered at the workshop: perturbation of the natural sulfur cycle by human activity; ecosystem responses to a given environmental dose of sulfur compounds; movement of sulfur compounds within the atmosphere; air quality models; contribution of biogenic sulfur compounds to atmospheric burden of sulfur; production of acid rain from sulfur dioxide; meteorological processes; and rates of oxidation of SO/sub 2/ via direct photo-oxidation, oxidation resulting from photo-induced free radical chemistry, and catalytic oxidation in cloud droplets and on dry particles. (HLW)

The U.S. demand for lithium by the industrial sector and by a fusion power economy in the future is discussed. For a one million MW(e) CTR (D-T fuel cycle) economy, growing into the beginning of the next century (the years 2000 to 2030), the cumulative demand for lithium is estimated to range from (0.55 to 4.7) x 10/sup 7/ to 1.0 x 10/sup 9/ kg. Present estimates of the available U.S. supply are 6.9 x 10/sup 8/ kg of lithium from mineral resources and 4.0 x 10/sup 9/ kg of lithium from concentrated natural brines. There is, however, a vast supply of lithium in seawater: 2.5 x 10/sup 14/ kg. A preliminary process design for the extraction of lithium from seawater is presented: seawater is first evaporated by solar energy to increase the concentration of lithium and to decrease the concentration of other cations in the bittern which then passes into a Dowex-50 ion exchange bed for cation adsorption. Lithium ions are then eluted with dilute hydrochloric acid forming an aqueous lithium chloride which is subsequently concentrated and electrolyzed. The energy requirement for lithium extraction varies between 0.08 and 2.46 kWh(e)/gm for a range of production rates varying between 10/sup …

In this work, along with a previous paper three possible uses of 14-MeV deuterium--tritium fusion neutrons are investigated: energy production, neutron multiplication, and fissile-fuel breeding. The results presented include neutronic studies of fissioning and nonfissioning thorium systems, tritium breeding systems, various fuel options (UO/sub 2/, UC, UC/sub 2/, etc.), and uranium as well as refractory metal first-wall neutron-multiplying regions. A brief energy balance and an estimate of potential revenues for fusion devices are given to help illustrate the potentials of these designs.

The presence of retained austenite suppresses the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the 9Ni steel (containing 0.1 percent carbon) in both impact testing and fracture toughness testing. However, in an interstitial-free Fe--8Ni--2Mn--0.25Ti steel, the benefit of retained austenite is seen only in impact testing, and little improvement in fracture toughness is observed. The stabilities of retained austenite in both alloy systems are compared in terms of chemical compositions and strain rate. The implications on the role of retained austenite are discussed.

Recent research involving the direct computer simulation of plastic deformation through planar dislocation glide suggests that plastic inhomogeneities such as the formation and growth of discrete slip bands are an inherent feature of deformation through glide. The sources of glide inhomogeneity are described and the influence of temperature, microstructural barriers, and applied stress on the heterogeneity of deformation in idealized crystals is discussed.

None

An amplitude analysis of the reaction ..pi../sup +/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..pi../sup 0/..delta../sup + +/ at 7 GeV/c was performed using the isobar model for the 3..pi.. system. The 3..pi.. mass covers the range 0.82 to 1.9 GeV. No significant A/sub 1/ production can be seen. The spin-parity of the ..omega..*(1700) is determined to 3/sup -/. Properties of A/sub 2/ and ..omega..* production are determined and compared with theoretical models. The background is similar to that seen in analyses of charged 3..pi.. systems.

An investigation was made of a series of binary americium alloys with AB$sub 2$ stoichiometry (B = Al, Co, Fe, Rh and Ru) prepared from the $sup 243$Am isotope. The C-15 (MgCu$sub 2$-type) structure appears in AmAl$sub 2$, AmCo$sub 2$, AmFe$sub 2$, and AmRh$sub 2$, whereas AmRu$sub 2$ is isostructural with AmOs$sub 2$ which has the C-14 (MgZn$sub 2$-type) structure. The magnetic properties of the cubic americium laves phases were studied by means of magnetization and nuclear gamna-ray resonance (Moessbauer effect) measurements between 2.5 and 300$sup 0$K. All the cubic Laves phases studied, except AmFe$sub 2$, exhibit almost temperature-independent paramagnetism. The AmFe$sub 2$ sample is ferromagnetic with an estimated Curie temperature of approximately 400$sup 0$K. The hyperfine field at the Am site in all the compounds is small. The bulk magnetic moment of AmFe$sub 2$ (approximately 3 $mu$/sub B//F.U.) is thus associated only with the Fe atoms. The magnetic properties of the compounds are consistent with the assumption that the Am ion is in the +3 state (5f6). (auth)

None

The Savannah River Plant (SRP) has routinely and continuously monitored the local environment (land, water, air, flora, and fauna) since 1951. As part of this intensive program, a three-part study was made to assess the tritium migration from an onsite burial ground for solid nuclear wastes and the resulting dose-to-man. A major source of tritium is buried, massive, Li-Al residues (referred to as melts) from the thermal extraction step in the SRP tritium production process. A melt with its extraction crucible and lid were immersed in water to measure the amounts of tritium released as HTO and HT to the water and to air. The result was a rapid release of 23 curies, of which approximately 99 percent was HTO that remained in the immersion water, and 1 percent was HT that passed into the air. (auth)

Specifications, operation, characteristics, cost, and experience with the NAL 15-ft bubble chamber are described. Beam availability and some experimental proposals are discussed. (WHK)

The work done with element 106 is reviewed, and a new experiment which bears on the properties of the isotope of mass 260 with atomic number 104 is discussed. It is noted that in the case of element 106 a link is demonstrated to the granddaughter as well as the daughter. (JFP)

The Fort St. Vrain program has progressed through construction, preoperational testing, fuel loading, initial criticality, and operational testing at power levels up to 2 percent related power. To date, all tests necessary before the rise to full power have been completed, and the rise-to- power program is expected to be resumed again in late 1975. Major plant systems, including the prestressed concrete reactor vessel and circulators, have demonstrated adequate performance. Extensive tests on the reactor core at zero power and up to 2 percent power have demonstrated the accuracy in the design predictions of such core characteristics as critical rod position, control system worths, neutron flux distributions, and temperature coefficients. Gaseous fission product release measurements to date have confirmed the extensive analytical estimates. 6 references (auth)

As part of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory program to assess the environmental impact of various types of nuclear power plants, methods are being investigated for the real-time analysis of reactor plume isotopic exposure rates. The Biomedical and Environmental Research Division mobile laboratory that was developed for terrestrial radioactivity measurements has been modified for atmospheric studies. The existing Ge(Li) spectrometer and high-pressure argon- ion chamber-detector systems have been augmented by the addition of wind speed and direction measuring capability and a second, remotely operable, ion chamber. The mobile laboratory and techniques for plume measurements are discussed. (auth)

The objectives of this work were fourfold: (1) to test the validity of the vibrating string dislocation model in silver, (2) to determine in which annealing stage long-range migration first occurs, (3) to measure the migration energy and identify the defect responsible for observed annealing, and (4) to investigate the possibility of dislocation pipe diffusion. Apparatus is described which is capable of continuously measuring changes in the elastic modulus and internal friction during gamma irradiation over the temperature range from less than 4$sup 0$K to well above room temperature. A novel hollow-cylinder sample geometry permits use of a source strength of only 1 Ci. Survey experiments over a wide temperature range and isothermal irradiations above room temperature are discussed. The results are explained in terms of the Koehler- Granato-Lucke vibrating string dislocation model and the Thompson-Buck-Huntington- Barnes defect-dislocation interaction model. (auth)

It is shown that there are several substantive errors in a previous work on a cosmic ray event which is consistent with the hypothesis that it was caused by a magnetic monopole. It is shown that the data points fit to the hypothesis that the responsible particle is a platinum nucleus fragmenting to osmium and then to tantalum. (JFP)

Changes occurring in high spin nuclear states are discussed. Experimental methods for studying reduction and eventual quenching of pairing interactions, changes in nuclear shapes, and alignment of individual particle angular momenta with increasing spin are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the study of continuum gamma rays following heavy ion reactions. (12 figures) (SDF)

Assuming that the particle number is large, and using the leptodermous idealization that the ratio of the surface thickness to the cube root of nuclear volume is very small, an attempt is made to give an account of the time evolution of the shape of a nuclear system. It is suggested that a one-body, dissipation dominated approach to nuclear dynamics should be a reasonable starting point. (SDF)

Results of the first 18 months' operation of Hanford's vacuum evaporator- crystallizer are reported. This process reduces the volume of radioactive waste solutions and simultaneously converts the waste to a less mobile salt cake. The evaporator-crystallizer is operating at better than design production rates and has reduced the volume of radioactive wastes by more than 15 million gallons. A process description, plant performance data, mechanical difficulties, and future operating plans are discussed. Also discussed is a computer model of the evaporator-crystallizer process. (auth)

High resolution x-ray spectral measurements are used to determine the relative intensity of He-like fluorine x-ray transitions, 2 $sup 3$P$sub 1$ $Yields$ 1 $sup 1$S$sub 0$ and $sup 1$P$sub 1$ $Yields$ $sup 1$S$sub 0$, produced in fluorine collisions with Ne, Ar, and Kr gas targets at various pressures and in thin carbon foils and a thick carbon slab. The relative intensities are observed to be strong functions of both target density and incident charge Z. These effects are attributed to strong collisional quenching of both initial states by subsequent large impact parameter collisions. The data permit extraction for the first time of the total quenching cross sections (sigma/sub Q/ ) for fast fluorine ions in both states. A strong enhancement of the relative intensity of the 2 $sup 3$P$sub 1$ is observed for F$sup 7+$ projectiles. This strong enhancement is attributed to selective excitation of metastable states in the beam, i.e., 1s2s $sup 3$S$sub 1$, into the 1s2p $sup 3$P$sub 1$ state. Finally, the data for foil and solid targets are used to obtain new information on the excitation states of ions moving in solids. High resolution measurements of the radiative electron capture (REC) peak are reported and analyzed for …

Helium in very low concentration (less than 1 atomic ppB) has been introduced into type 304 stainless steel by radioactive decay of dissolved tritium. Release of this helium during subsequent annealing was monitored with a high sensitivity mass spectrometric gas analyzer. With isochronal annealing, helium is released in two temperature ranges, one near 300$sup 0$C and the other between 800$sup 0$C and the melting point. The latter release is interpreted as attributable to helium gas bubbles. The release near 300$sup 0$C was studied isothermally between 150 and 300$sup 0$C and is analyzed in terms of two stages of exponential decay. The fast and slow release stages have relaxation times near 10$sup 2$ and 10$sup 3$ s, respectively, and the fast release accounts for roughly 85 percent of the total release at low temperature. From an analysis of the temperature dependence of the release rate, it is concluded that volume diffusion is the controlling mechanism for the outgassing. (auth)