The application of the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) for use with solar cells has been investigated. Experiments with state-of-the-art Si cells in a CPC and under solar concentration were performed. A theoretical model for calculating the behavior of Si solar cells with concentration was developed. Detailed calculations of the energy distribution in the CPC were made. Finally a cost effectiveness analysis shows that the CPC system will produce power at very much lower cost than will flat panel solar cell arrays. (auth)

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This report address a close-in magnetic fields of a lightning return stroke.

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The objective of this program was: to evaluate for photovoltaic applications the use of the compound parabolic concentrator design as a field collector--in conjunction with a primary focusing concentrator. The primary focusing concentrator may be a parabolic reflector, an array of Fresnel mirrors, a Fresnel lens, or some other type; Select several candidate configurations of such compound systems (focusing concentrators/CPC field collectors); Perform an analytic evaluation of the technical performance of these systems; and identify the most promising configurations and perform a cost effectiveness study pertinent to coupling CPC concentrators to solar cells. (WDM)

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The following appendices are included: (1) sensor performance calculation techniques, (2) focus sensing, (3) purchased item data, (4) pointing and focusing configuration tradeoff studies, (5) false start centering sensor, (6) RCA application notes on quad delection, (7) elliptical flex pivot analysis, (8) servo mirrors cross coupling, (9) optical misalignment analysis, (10) stress induced birefrigent quarter-wave retarder, (11) data bulletin on incramute damping alloy, (12) the utilization of stepping motors, and (13) computer program listing for stepper motor load simulation. (MOW)

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The structural analysis of toroidal field coils in Tokamak fusion machines can be performed with the finite element method. This technique has been employed for design evaluations of toroidal field coils on the Princeton Large Torus (PLT), the Poloidal Diverter Experiment (PDX), and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). The application of the finite element method can be simplified with computer programs that are used to generate the input data for the finite element code. There are three areas of data input where significant automation can be provided by supplementary computer codes. These concern the definition of geometry by a node point mesh, the definition of the finite elements from the geometric node points, and the definition of the node point force/displacement boundary conditions. The node point forces in a model of a toroidal field coil are computed from the vector cross product of the coil current and the magnetic field. The computer programs named PDXNODE and ELEMENT are described. The program PDXNODE generates the geometric node points of a finite element model for a toroidal field coil. The program ELEMENT defines the finite elements of the model from the node points and from material property considerations. The program descriptions …

This report is about the state-of-the-art of the anaerobic fermentation processes for the conversion of cellulosic waste materials to chemicals and fuels.

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The Solar Thermal Conversion Program comprises a major part of the national solar energy program which must be continuously reviewed and modified where necessary. Modifications are typically required to reflect technical achievements and uncertainties which arise from within the program or from other technical programs, changes in budgets available for supporting the program as well as internal program funding priorities, changing goals such as through acceleration or stretch-out of the program schedule, significant organizational changes involving responsible governmental agencies, the introduction of new project management support contractors, and required budget or schedule changes occurring within individual projects that make up the Solar Thermal Conversion Program. The Aerospace Corporation has provided data to assist in planning, review, coordination, and documentation of the overall Solar Thermal Conversion Program. The Solar Thermal Conversion Program Plan is described in detail. Sections 2.0 through 5.0 cover the discussion and detail planning covering the objectives, justification, basic and alternative plans, budgets, and schedules for the Solar Thermal sub-unit portion of the Solar Electric Applications effort. Appendices B1, B2, and B3 include the March 21, March 28, and April 5, 1975, Program Plan submissions of the complete Solar Electric Applications effort. In Appendix B the Solar Thermal, …

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Six one-million-gallon double shell waste storage tanks will be constructed for safe and reliable containment and storage of high-level radioactive wastes. The design and safety features of these tanks are discussed including: architecture; structure; primary and secondary tanks; reinforced concrete tank; tank dome penetrations; processing and transfer facilities; piping; auxiliary equipment; pumps; slurry distributors; and ventilation. (DC)

This document contains annotated photographs, a drawing list, and a schedule of the fabrication of the Hydraulic Test Model.

Experiments were conducted in which well-characterized pulses were generated in water-filled stainless steel piping systems consisting of a straight section of pipe, an open rectangular loop, and a closed rectangular loop. In some of the experiments, the closed loop was fitted with a standoff pipe that was filled with either water or air. The pulse shapes were typical of those expected in the secondary piping system as a result of a sodium-water reaction in a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor. The pipe thickness and diameter and the elbow radius are those typical of the Clinch River Fast Breeder Reactor reduced to 1/8-scale. Elastic piping response was stimulated (no plastic deformations). Pulse propagation behavior was monitored by pressure transducers installed in the piping wall at key locations. The overall results show that pulse propagation behavior exhibits (1) reduction of peak pressure and impulse after traversing an elbow, (2) reduction of peak pressure, but not of impulse, after passing a filled standoff pipe, (3) annihilation when meeting an empty standoff pipe, and (4) simple pressure addition when meeting a similar pulse.

Staff members of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics carried out an exploration program for geothermal sources on the island of Hawaii by using all relevant geophysical and geochemical methods. Infrared scanning aerial surveys followed by reconnaissance-type electrical surveys and ground noise surveys narrowed down the promising area to the east rift of Kilauea. The surveys carried out over the east rift included magnetic, gravity, and electrical surveys by various methods: microearthquake, surveillance, temperature profiling of wells, and chemical analysis of water samples. Aeromagnetic, regional gravity, and crustal seismic refraction data were available in published literature. A model of the thermal structure of the east rift was put together to account for the data. The dike complex, through which magma from the central vent of Kilauea travels laterally occupies a zone 3-km wide extending from 1-km to 5-km depth. On the south side of the dike complex, there may be a self-sealing geothermal reservoir where groundwater heated by the dike complex is trapped. Not all of the dike complex is hot; hot sections seem to occur in patches.

This report presents a summary of the conceptual design work on commercial steam generators by the General Electric Company for the ERDA Steam Generator Development Program. Three conceptual steam generator designs are included and discussed in some detail; the Hockey Stick, the J-Module and the Straigth Tube with Expansion Bellows, all referenced to a 1500 MWe 4 loop commercial LMFBR design. Single and double tube concept development is summarized and the effect of each upon steam generator reliability and plant availability is discussed. Double and single tubesheet concepts are discussed and possible ways of introducing leak detection systems for increased reliability are presented. A conceptual design of a Hockey Stick evaporator, for use in a 1200 MWe LMFBR, using double tubes and double tubesheets with a leak detection system is presented and discussed.

A scoping phase has been completed on a study of small steam leaks in Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor steam generators. Methods were developed to fabricate leaks in the size range of 10/sup -10/ to 10/sup -5/ lb/sec H/sub 2/O in 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steam generator tubing of prototypic wall thickness (approx. 0.110 inch). A test system was modified to supply flowing superheated steam at 1525 psig to as many as three specimens immersed in flowing sodium. Test results are presented.

The Hutchinson Salt Member of the Permian Wellington Formation is described in a five-county study area of 4,000 square miles. Most of the 22,200 oil and gas test holes in the study area were drilled with fresh water, causing dissolution of the salt during drilling, commonly resulting in borehole enlargement to three times the diameter of the drill bit (some older rotary drilled holes have borehole enlargement up to 10 ft). After drilling ceases, no salt dissolution occurs in oil and gas test holes which have properly cemented surface casing protecting all aquifers above the salt. The conclusion is reached that extensive dissolution of the Hutchinson Salt in oil and gas test holes in central Kansas is a rare and unusual event in the 50-year history since the discovery of oil in Russell County in 1923. In only seven known instances (six of which are within the study area) did such dissolution lead to collapse and surface subsidence. With an estimated 72,000 holes drilled through the Hutchinson Salt Member within the State of Kansas, this is a ratio of approximately one occurrence for every 10,000 oil and gas test holes. (DLC)