Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has been heavily involved since 1956 in the construction and adaptation of particle accelerators for the acceleration of heavy ions. At the present time it has the most extensive group of accelerators with heavy-ion capability in the United States: The SuperHILAC, the 88-Inch Cyclotron, and the Bevatron/Bevalac. An extensive heavy-ion program in nuclear and particle physics, in nuclear chemistry, and in the study of biological effects of heavy-ion irradiations has been supported in the past; and the Laboratory has a strong interest in expanding both its capabilities for heavy-ion acceleration and its participation in heavy-ion science. The first heavy-ion accelerator at LBL was the HILAC, which began operation in 1957. A vigorous program of research with ion beams of masses 4 through 40 began at that time and continued until the machine was shut down for modifications in February 1971. At that time, a grant of $3 M had been received from the AEC for a total reconstruction of the HILAC, to turn it into an upgraded accelerator, the SuperHILAC. This new machine is designed for the acceleration of all ions through uranium to an energy of 8.5 MeV/u. The SuperHILAC is equipped with two injectors. The …

A computerized Manufacturing Program for Predicting Equipment Requirements (MAPPER) has been developed. MAPPER can be used to interpret component production requirements from shipping schedules, calculate equipment loading versus equipment capacity, display six months prior equipment utilization and display process yield data. MAPPER is written in BASIC computer language and can be executed using GE Mark II time-sharing equipment. A typical example of the use of MAPPER is presented.

This report provides a reassessment of the Kra Canal Project as prepared in December 1972. This reassessment differs in that thirty- four salvos with a total yield of about 170 MT were assumed; acceptable firing days were selected from actual meteorological data when the winds at all levels up to the expected debris cloud top blew toward the west plus or minus thirty degrees; and the lead in the devices was assumed to be from monazite sand. The doses are considerably less than those estimated in the earlier assessment.

This report contains a reassessment of the Kra Canal Project. This latest assessment differs from the original study in that: Thirty- four salvos with a total yield of about 170 MT were assumed; `Acceptable` firing days were selected from actual meteorological data when the winds at all levels up to the expected debris cloud top blew toward the west, +/- 30 degrees; and the lead in the devices was assumed to be from monazite sand. The doses are considerably less than those estimated in the earlier report. The reasons for this are: A longer trajectory to Sumatra was assumed such that the debris clouds traveled 1600 Km before crossing the west coast of Sumatra; Residents of the Nicobar Islands and Sumatra to our knowledge do not consume milk, hence the forage-cow-milk pathway is not included; The use of lead from monazite sands reduced the total dose; Some of the latest dose conversion constants used are smaller than those in the earlier report; and the effects of precipitation scavenging were based on an improved assessment.

Research proposed in the following areas are briefly described: the measurement of photoionization cross sections near threshold for the excited states of uranium; measurement of the symmetric charge exchange cross section; and measurement of chemiionization cross sections for electronically excited uranium atoms.

This report surveys the need for large computers in analyzing the properties of magnetically confined plasmas and simulating the characteristics of fusion reactors. The major conclusion of the report is that, to meet the program schedule developed by Magnetic Confinement Systems, it would be necessary to immediately scale up the CTR (controlled thermonuclear research) computerized effort to a level of two Class IV computers by FY 1975. Based on this report, and in an attempt to best meet this need, it was decided to establish the National CTR Computer Center at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.

Manganin, an alloy of copper, manganese, and nickel, was used as a dynamic piezoresistive transducer for shock wave profile measurement in the range from 22 to 410 kbar. Thirty-six gun-accelerated flyer plate impact experiments were performed to calibrate dynamically wires of 1 mil diameter that were electrically insulated with thin dielectric sheets and cemented between target plates. A static calibration gave a linear, reversible, pressure derivative of 2.5 {+-} 0.1 {Omega}/{Omega}/Mbar to 90 kbar. The dynamic calibration is linear within {+-}5% to 200 kbar with a pressure derivative of 2.7 {+-} 0.1 {Omega}/{Omega}/Mbar. At stresses higher than 200 kbar, the dynamic response becomes slightly nonlinear and the data were fit with the polynomial expression {sigma} = 0.3896({Delta}R/R) - 0.2348({Delta}R/R){sup 2} + 0.5825({Delta}R/R){sup 3} - 0.3360({Delta}R/R){sup 4} with a standard deviation of {+-}4.4 kbar, where the stress, {sigma} is in megabar. A linear hysteresis was observed with a pressure derivative of 2.6 {+-} 0.1 {Omega}/{Omega}/Mbar during unloading from a peak stress in the range from zero to 247 kbar. 6 figures, 2 tables.

During 1972 and 1973 a study was conducted in the B-C Cribs, 200 East Area, to learn the extent to which jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) and their predators had dispersed buried radioactive wastes in their fecal pellets and scats. The specific objective was to gather sufficient data on the pattern of dispersal so that statistically valid sampling strategies could be developed in future programs, depending upon management planning objectives for the area. A secondary objective was to relate these data with parameters, such as topography, wind direction, vegetation types, animal behavior, that might help explain the pattern of dispersal. In 1972, 2625 circular sampling sites were surveyed along 30 transects radiating out 2.4 to 3.2 km from the B-C Cribs. Radioactive contaminated feces, urine, soil and vegetation were distributed in all directions from the cribs, but the area to the south and southwest was more densely and uniformly contaminated. Of the ultimate sampling units surveyed, 278 or 10.6% had activity in excess o f 10,000 counts per minute (cprn) measured with a Geiger-Mueller counter. Of these 278 circular areas, 179 or 64% were found within 0.5 km of the cribs, 23.4% were between 0.5 and 1.0 km, and the remaining 12.2% …

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The experiments with U(37)O{sub 2}F{sub 2} aqueous solution followed the series of experiments with {sup 233}UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} and U(93)O{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} solutions in the 69.2-cm-diam sphere. The critical concentrations of {sup 233}U and {sup 235}U were used to evaluate the ratio of {ovr {eta}{sigma}{sub a}}(233)/{ovr {eta}{sigma}{sub a}}(235) some years ago when the accepted value of {ovr {eta}}(233) was questioned. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to measure the increase in {sup 235}U critical concentration and, hence, the increase in critical mass due to the increase in the {sup 238}U content in the 69.2-cm-diam sphere. The U(37)O{sub 2}F{sub 2} concentration in an aqueous solution was adjusted to that when an aluminum spherical vessel was completely filled and the multiplication factor was greater than unity and the excess reactivity was measured by means of a positive reactor period. The critical conditions are summarized in Table 1. The critical conditions for U(93)O{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} solution in the same sphere are also given for comparison and there is only a small difference in the critical {sup 235}U density or mass. In these well moderated solutions there is only a small amount of neutron absorption in {sup 238}U. A …

Feasibility and cost benefits of nuclear-powered standardized spacecraft are investigated. The study indicates that two shuttle-launched nuclear-powered spacecraft should be able to serve the majority of unmanned NASA missions anticipated for the 1980's. The standard spacecraft include structure, thermal control, power, attitude control, some propulsion capability and tracking, telemetry, and command subsystems. One spacecraft design, powered by the radioisotope thermoelectric generator, can serve missions requiring up to 450 watts. The other spacecraft design, powered by similar nuclear heat sources in a Brayton-cycle generator, can serve missions requiring up to 21000 watts. Design concepts and trade-offs are discussed. The conceptual designs selected are presented and successfully tested against a variety of missions. The thermal design is such that both spacecraft are capable of operating in any earth orbit and any orientation without modification. Three-axis stabilization is included. Several spacecraft can be stacked in the shuttle payload compartment for multi-mission launches. A reactor-powered thermoelectric generator system, operating at an electric power level of 5000 watts, is briefly studied for applicability to two test missions of divers requirements. A cost analysis indicates that use of the two standardized spacecraft offers sizable savings in comparison with specially designed solar-powered spacecraft. There is a duplicate …

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The 241-BY Tank Farm, located in 200 East Area of the Hanford Project, was designed and constructed in 1948-1949. The 241-BY Tank Farm has 12 reinforced concrete,underground waste tanks, numbered 241-BY-101 to 112. Each tank has an inside, 3/8 inch thick carbon steel liner, for containment of liquid wastes. The capacity of each tank is 758,000 gallons. The reinforced concrete design drawings for the 241-BY Tank (H-2-1312, H-2-1314, and H-2-1315) are reproduced in this report. The 241-BY Tank Farm was originally used to store liquid radioactive wastes with temperatures about 2000 F. For approximately the last five years, the Waste Management Program has had the In-Tank Solidification Unit No.2 (ITS-2) i{approx}stalled in the 241-BY-112 Tank. With ITS-2, this tank has operated with a liquid temperature of 250 F most of the time. Currently, Operations Support Engineering of Atlantic Richfield Hanford Company believes that ITS-2 could operate more effectively if the liquid in the 241-BY-112 Tank were heated to 280 F. Thus, the subject structural analyses were undertaken to predict how the tank structure responds to the 250 F and the proposed 280 F liquid temperatures. More specifically, the goals of these analyses were: (1) Make a quantitative determination and evaluation …

The Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) heat pipe program is an extensive effort requiring the fabrication and testing of more than 300 flight qualified heat pipes. The spacecraft itself contains 55 heat pipes in three configurations and 13 sizes. The design selected for ATS was an axially groved 6061 aluminum-ammonia heat pipe. Several developmental programs and extensive testing, including individual heat pipes, heat pipes bonded into honeycomb panels, and a large number of life tests, were included within the overall effort. Results are presented for the thermal modeling of the heat pipes with the spacecraft. Results of thermal-vacuum testing of a thermal structural model and sounding rocket testing of the ATS axially grooved pipe are also discussed. Several problems including hydrogen gas generation, were encountered during the course of the program. The steps taken to solve these problems may be applicable to future programs.

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Annual progress report for work performed at the New Brunswick Laboratory from July 1972 through June 1973.