This report is an analysis of the Land and Water Conservation Fund, the primary economic source of funding for the creation of park and recreational programs in the United States.

Since the enactment of the Water Quality Act of 1965, there has been an increasing concern over the quality of the nation's waters. Adoption of temperature standards of water bodies, combined with the economics of scale, is resulting in increased use of alternatives to once-through cooling systems, particularly ponds and towers. Approximately 60 steam-electric power plants with capacities greater than 60 electrical megawatts use cooling ponds. This report documents a review of cooling pond technology in which major emphasis was placed on examination of engineering and environmental aspects of design, mathematical and physical modeling, use of sprays, and economics.

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The authors describe several types of small liquid xenon-filled chambers, each optimized for a particular property such as a real-time spatial resolution of {+-} 15 {mu}, a time resolution of {+-} 10{sup -7} sec, or a pulse height of 10{sup -12} coulomb. Larger chambers combining all these properties will be of great value at NAL energies, and they describe some of the techniques necessary for their construction.

Recent years have witnessed the development of accelerators of ever-larger current, both peak and average, as well as a proliferation of storage rings of ever-greater luminosity. Consequently, there is considerable interest in and growing concern with, the phenomena which limit beam currents and beam densities, namely, the collective modes of behavior of relativistic particle beams. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the collective behavior can be controlled, at least to some extent, turned to good advantage, and employed for collective acceleration in devices such as the electron ring accelerator. Quite naturally then, almost every accelerator conference during the last five years has had a review paper on collective effects, while at the same time the number of original papers in this area now exceeds many hundreds. And thus I am faced with the dilemma of being unable to give a comprehensive and complete review (such a review, incidentally, would be most valuable; in my judgment the time is ripe for a comprehensive monograph on the subject.), and yet finding it difficult, in a brief review, to be comprehensible, balanced, and yet fresh. I have resolved the dilemma by firstly supplying sufficient references as to allow the interested reader to readily …

On the basis of our present understanding of the physical phenomena involved in an electron ring accelerator (ERA), a theoretical study is made of the performance which might be expected for an ERA. Rigorous upper bounds are obtained on the rate of energy gain, from which it is shown that, in order to prevent azimuthal instability, parameters must be selected such that (for reasonable fields, injector properties, etc., but with no safety factors) the proton energy gain is less than 80 MeV/m. Numerical examples and approximate formulas are given for the properties of rings satisfying the stability conditions for both azimuthal oscillations and ion-electron oscillations. It is found that for reasonable fields and injector properties, but without safety factors, the useable proton energy gain is less than 45 MeV/m.

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