This information package was assembled to place in proper perspective the present and possible later releases of materials to the Columbia River from Hanford Operations. Tables include information that has been possible to assemble to this date regarding the materials that would be discharged to the river from a theoretical 4000 MW{sub t} single pass reactor, N Reactor, and the 300 Area. The values shown would be for the average condition and would vary from day to day. Materials entering the river from the nonoperating reactor areas at the present time are believed to be insignificant. This information is presented in this preliminary form because it is needed for several studies that are under way. When more data have been assembled, these tables will be refined.

A calorimeter is a device to measure evolved or adsorbed heat. For our purposes, the heat measured is that associated with radioactive decay and the unit of measurement is the watt. Each time an atom decays, energy is released and absorbed by the surroundings and heat generated. For each isotope, this heat is a constant related to the energy of the decay particles and the half-life of the isotope. A point which is often overlooked is that calorimetry is one of the oldest techniques known for measuring radioactivity. In 1903, Pierre Curie and A. Laborde used a twin microcalorimeter to determine that one gram of radium generates about 100 calories per hour. Several months later, Curie and Dewar used liquid oxygen and hydrogen to show that the amount of energy developed by radium and other radioactive elements did not depend on temperature. At that time, this observation was extremely important. It indicated that the nature of radioactivity is entirely different and cannot be compared with any known phenomena. In all other thermal processes known in physics and chemistry, the rate at which heat is developed changes with temperature. In 1942, Monsanto was asked by General Leslie Groves, Head of the …

The main efforts of the past year have been directed towards investigation of the behavior of the radioactive aerosols in actual in mining operations. Activities can be categorized as follows: Preparation of equipment for taking data in uranium mines; development of background of personnel to carry out intended experiments; research data from United Nuclear Homestake Partners Section 25 mine in the Ambrosia Lake area near Grants, New Mexico; updating of computer programs for data analysis in order to extract more information; and the development of a thermal precipitator for partical size analysis in the submicron range.

In some Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations one must sample a random variable which is described by Planck`s Radiation Law. We discuss a series expansion method and a rejection method in this note.

This report summarizes releases of radioactive waste to the environs of the Savannah River Plant during the calendar year 1969. Total quantities of radioactive waste released from plant startup through 1969 are also reported. Accuracy is not always implied to the degree indicated by the number of significant figures reported. Values were not rounded off, since data will be used in future cumulative summaries. No explanations are given for unusual releases; this information may be found in the Radiological Sciences Division Monthly Reports and in the Semi-annual and Annual Environmental Monitoring Reports for 1969.

This correspondence provides an analysis of just why nuclear excavation experiments are necessary and important.

This report provides a discussion, both pro and con, of the merits of a comprehensive test ban treaty. Impacts on cost, technology, verification, peaceful uses of nuclear explosives, scientific and technical personnel, environment, and government policies are detailed.

None

This article describes the depth dimensions for the Piton Event Yellow device, which was fired on May 28, 1970.

In the manufacture of Extex (XTX 8003, 80% PETN, 20% Sylgard silicone rubber), the formulation is mixed for about five hours. Freon MF is added in the proportions of fur pounds Extex to one quart Freon, to enhance the mixing at lower power than would otherwise be the case. After mixing, the formulation is milled on a three-roll rubber mill for a total of 25 passes. The study of the effects of roll milling on Extex was started; the visual results are indicative that a considerable reduction in crystal size occurs during the formulation process.

This document presents details of the status of irradiations performed by Fuel and Target Irradiation Technology for BNW as of December 31, 1969.

None

This document contains information about the activities of Douglas United Nuclear operations at Hanford Reservation during the month of April 1970.

This document presents details of the status of irradiations performed by Fuel and Target Irradiation Technology for BNW as of January 31, 1970.

The objectives of this study are the determination of detonation velocity, shock sensitivity, impact sensitivity, etc.; and the acquisition of high-precision one-dimensional hydrodynamic data for use in establishing detonation product equations-of-state, performance of explosives, etc. A wedge test series was begun on RX-25-AA. This is the first attempt in this work to study a composite explosive with the wedge test. Behavior appears to be quite different from the standard explosives.

Evaluation of the test data from numerous experiments indicates that large scale calorimeter experimentation in the Pantex detonation sphere is impractical. Detailed quantitative and qualitative measurements of the detonation products will continue to be made to provide data for the evaluation and comparison of explosive performance.

Sublimation studies of hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB), Sandia Lot 43-11-B, have shown all sublimation residues to be essentially HNAB (form 3), with HNAB (form 2) found in the sublimates. The sublimation condensate in the lower temperature ranges (80--130 C) has a non nitro group material, and an HNAB like (nitro group) material was found in the 160--190 C condensates. The presence of aliphatic impurity(s) in all fractions, from 80 to 220 C, has been determined albeit the concentration decreases significantly at the higher temperature ranges (200--220 C).

None

A single batch (No. 4-60-IV) of PADAP supplied by Sandia Corporation was analyzed to determine its suitability for a specific detonator application. Results of 5 tests on the explosive are reported. From these tests, PADAP appears to be too insensitive for such detonators.

The effect of particle size, shape and surface on the behavior of a powder is continually being studied. In quality control of a powder, seldom is a given parameter known well enough to predict accurately overall behavior of a powder. Therefore, many particle parameters must be evaluated to determine the influencing factors, including width, length/width ratio, volume, surface area, reentrant surface, bulk density, compressibility, surface roughness, pore volume, degree of sphericity, etc., and their relation to extrudability, pressability, firing performance, etc. Determining these things is called powder or particle characterization.

The progress of the identification of the impurities in FEFO is discussed. One very high boiler has been partially isolated from a sample of concentrated impurities. Mass spectra of five of the low boiling impurities are reported. Heats of fusion for PETN, washed PETN and PETN extracted from Extex are discussed. A standard deviation of less than 1% for the heat at fusion of PETN by DSC-1 is obtained. High pressure DTA thermograms are reported for HMX, PETN, Tetryl and TNT.

Since the mechanical behavior of two lots of LX-04-1 was different from others, additional testing was done. Objectives were to determine if and how these two lots differed from other lots of LX-04-1, and to determine if any noticeable change had occurred since they were first tested 1 1/2 years ago. Creep and tensile strength was determined. Results confirmed that these two lots (SR-92-14 and -15) are more resilient. Results for a number of miscellaneous HE lots are presented.

This document contains information about the activities of Douglas United Nuclear at the Hanford Reservation during the month of May 1970.

None