The possibility of using the collective field of a large number of electrons to effect the acceleration of protons to high energies in a compact accelerator--or to permit acceleration of heavier ions in a manner not critically dependent on the charge-to-mass ratio of these ions--has been noted in an earlier Comment. A most attractive conceptual form for such an accelerator is the electron ring accelerator (ERA) and in the present Comment they direct attention to the basic phenomena--insofar as they know them--that govern the design and operation of an ERA. Briefly, the ERA concept visualizes the use of a compact ring of relativistic electrons that circulate in a plane perpendicular to an external magnetic field. The ring is partially neutralized by ions held in the potential well of the electrons. The electric field of these ions and the magnetic attractive forces between the circulating electrons then together act to overcome the electrostatic repulsion of the electrons and make possible the achievement of a configuration that is self-stable in the absence of external focusing fields. Acceleration of the ring with its accompanying ions, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the ring, can be achieved (at the expense of the …

An analysis was made to determine the consequences of a postulated accident in which the core of a Savannah River Plant reactor melts down following the loss of coolant. The study was made to determine (1) the potential damage to the reactor building that could impair its integrity for confining activity and (2) the need for additional facilities to prevent the activity confinement system from being overheated by the decay heat in the debris. A preliminary report on this analysis was issued previously. The sequence of events during and following the loss of coolant has now been studied in more detail, and a computer program has been written and used to investigate transient heating effects. This is the final report of the analysis and presents the conclusions.

Sonic tagged, adult chinook and steelhead were tracked in 1967 during upstream migration past cooling water discharges from nuclear reactors. All fish migrated near shorelines, showing preference for the river bank opposite reactors. Clear responses to local temperature differences were exhibited by few fish, these responses being to small shoreline seepages rather than to main center-channel outfalls.

The nominal chamber inlet temperature, T/sub/c, required for the NERVA hot bleed cycle reference engine (June 1969) to assure the NPRD-1 specified rated performance is established. The nominal T/sub/c determined for the specified 4500°R minimum chamber temperature was 4563°R for the flight engine.

Early in 1968 a research group was set up at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory to investigate the exciting new concept of accelerating ions by means of relativistic electron rings, which had been introduced and developed by Veksler, Sarantsev, and other workers at Dubna. The initial work of our group was reported at the first USSR National Conference on Particle Accelerators in 1968. In this report the author review the subsequent progress and the present program.

In experiments related to the development of the electron-ring accelerator, electrons were injected into a pulsed magnetic field to form rings that were then compressed radially to a small size. The injected beam had a current of about 150 A at an energy of 3.3 MeV with an energy spread of {+-} 0.1% and a pulse length duration of 20 nsec. At low intensity, an increase in the minor radius of the ring and a large loss of electrons was observed to occur during the compression cycle. At high intensity, cooperative phenomena that caused a large increase in the energy spread accompanied by particle loss were observed. Theoretical interpretation of these observations suggests that the primary source of electron loss and enlargement of the axial dimension was the crossing of single-particle resonances during compression in the presence of large magnetic field nonlinearities and perturbations. The cooperative phenomena are interpreted as resulting from a negative mass instability. Despite the large minor radius and small number of electrons, experiments on extracting the ring were performed; under acceleration the ring failed to retain its integrity because of inadequate self-focusing.

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The hydrocarbon content of leaf fossils from Iceland has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distribution patterns of normal hydrocarbons, branched hydrocarbons, and cyclic hydrocarbons are compared to those of present-day living organisms. The diagenetic pathways of these hydrocarbons are discussed.

Iodoacetamide has been shown by others to be a radiation sensitizer for bacteria and for certain mammalian cells tested in vitro. This work describes an examination of the effectiveness of iodoacetamide used in vivo. Survival of ascites tumor cells maintained in the peritoneal cavity of mice was used as an indicator of sensitization. Survival was assessed using TD{sub 50} and total tumor cell population determination methods. A comparison of results obtained by these methods is made. The effects of oxygen tension and radiation dose rate upon results was examined. Iodoacetamide was found to be effective as a radiation sensitizer under all conditions although to a lesser degree than that reported by others for in vitro experiments with bacteria. Radioactive tracer studies indicate that iodoacetamide has rapid and total access to most if not all tissues of the body. This fact coupled with the observation of a sensitization in an in vivo system where the anoxia so prevalent in well developed tumors was present, suggests the possibility of clinical usefulness of iodoacetamide in cancer radiation therapy. Certain observations are reported on the effect of various cell and host treatment procedures upon cell population growth kinetics seen subsequent to inoculation of hosts …

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Report documenting research and developments made by the Metals and Ceramic Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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Technical report documenting the methods and results of experiments with krypton, which involved using "ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements [...] on specimens of solid krypton prepared in a rigid-tail helium cryostat" (p. i). The report also discusses shortfalls in existing models to explain the high- and low-temperature thermoelastic properties of the element.

This report addresses the determination of excess reactivity and control worth for the core test reactor.

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This document contains information about the activities of Douglas United Nuclear at the Hanford Reservation during the month of September 1970.

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