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205
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States
The Application of Inert Fluidized Beds to the Volatility Reprocessing of Reactor Fuels
In the reprocessing of spent solid fuels from nuclear reactors by direct volatilization, one of the major problems is the removal of heat from the highly exothermic gas-solid reactions. The use of fluidized beds of inert granular material as heat transfer media to control these exothermic reactions forms the basis of one approach to volatile reprocessing which is under development at BNL The engineering scale work carried out under this development program is discussed.
Date:
1961
Creator:
Regan, W. H.; Reilly, J. J.; Wirsing, E. & Hatch, L. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
"Crud" Scrubbing with a Purex-Type Zebra Cartridge
Entrained solids have in the past been one of the major factors limiting solvent extraction fission product decontamination. These solids are known to be surface active, to absorb fission products, and to form interfacial films or "cruds". A major step in eliminating these cruds was taken when the Purex columns were modified to operate with the interfaces at the waste ends of the columns rather than the product ends. This type of operation tended to flush the solids out with the waste rather than the product streams.
Date:
October 17, 1961
Creator:
Richardson, G. L
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Recovery of Fission Product Rare Earth Sulfates from Purex LWW
A research and development program aimed at devising processes for the economical recovery of the potentially valuable long-lived fission products from Purex waste has been under wat at Hanford for several years. When this work has begun, the concentrated waste was primarily a nitric acid solution (6 to 10 M HNO3) containing the fission products and relatively small concentrations of iron, sulfate, and other corrosion products. Flowsheets based on classical separation schemes and rather similar to processes used by the Isotopes Division at the AEC's Oak Ridge operation served to separate the desired fission products from one another and from the corrosion products (1,2,3).These separation schemes employed careful step-wise pH adjustment to precipitate first the iron and then to separate the desired fission products from one another. The flowsheets were demonstrated on a pilot-plant scale with full-level plant waste. However, since the earlier work was complete, plant operations have been modified....
Date:
May 10, 1961
Creator:
Wheelwright, E. J. & Swift, W. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Physical Properties of Elastics
This article presents data on the effects of gamma radiation on the physical properties of a number of different classes of plastics materials of construction which were screened to determine their capabilities and limitations for service in applications where ionizing radiation exists. The irradiations were carried out in air at ambient temperature at normal atmospheric pressure to various gamma radiation doses up to 1*10^9 r depending upon the stability of the materials to radiation exposure. The different classes of materials and materials within a class are compared.
Date:
January 20, 1961
Creator:
Harrington, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Power Tests for PRT Reactor
Startup and testing of the PRTR has been divided into three parts, Design Tests, Critical Tests and Power Tests. This document is the third of the series and describes the performance tests which will be made under nuclear power and the general schedule of operation. Responsibility for the startup of the reactor has been assigned to the PRTR Startup Council. The Power Test Sub-Council, which has done the planning of the initial power operation, was established by the Startup Council. Operation of the reactor will be the responsibility of the PRTR Operation (PRTRO).
Date:
April 1, 1961
Creator:
Lewis, W. R.; Atwood, J. M.; Dunn, R. E.; Evans, E. A.; Fox, J. C.; Peterson, R. E. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Elastic Scattering of 31-Mev He3 Ions From Several Elements
The absolute differential cross sections for elastic scattering of 31-Mev He3 ions on Be, Al, Cu, Sn(nat), Sn120, and Bi have been measured in the angular range of approximately 10 to 120 deg in the center-of-mass system. Thin self-supporting foil targets were chosen to span the parameter A 1/3, where A is the target mass number. The first excited states of the isotopes of the above elements had sufficient energy separation from the ground state to enable elastic scattering to be resolved from inelastic scattering. The detection system, consisting of Cal(Tl) scintillation crystals, was capable of 3%pulse-height resolution and 1 degree angular resolution. Characteristically, the light-element angular distributions show strong diffraction effects. The differential cross section divided by the Rutherford cross section decreases exponentially at large angles for the heavy elements, and the differential cross sections break away from Rutherford behavior at angles which increase almost linearly with increase of atomic number of the target nucleus. A comparison of the results for natural tin, and tin enriched to 85% in Sn120, indicated that within the experimental uncertainties over the measured angular interval, there were no pronounced isotopic effects. The data are presented both in tabular and graphical form to allow …
Date:
December 31, 1961
Creator:
Igo, George; Markowitz, Samuel S. & Vidal, Jose G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Neutron-Deficient Yttrium Isotopes Y82, Y83, And Y84
The neutron-deficient yttrium isotopes Y82, Y83, and Y84 have been produced by irradiations with the Berkeley heavy-ion linear accelerator. Where possible, identifications were made by establishing genetic relationships with known daughter or granddaughter activities. The half-life of Y84 determined by direct decay is 39+-1 min. By a series of timed chemical separations, the following half-lives have been established: Y82, 9+-3 min; Y83, 8+-2 min. No information pertaining to the radiations emitted in the decay of three yttrium isotopes, other than Y84, has been obtained. The gamma-ray spectra of Y84 and Sr83 are shown.
Date:
December 1961
Creator:
Maxia, V.; Kelly, W.H. & Horen, D.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Solution of the Distributional Error Problem in Cytophotometry
Use of that portion of the characteristic curve of photographic film in which transmission is linear with log exposure eliminates the distributional error and thus makes possible the assessment of total mass of an inhomogeneously distributed cell consistent without scanning or measuring the cell's projected area. Measurement consists of obtaining the difference in output of a photocell receiving the total light transmitted by a photomicrograph of the cell, and a photomicrograph of the microscope field illumination against which the cell was photographed. A method of making such measurements is given, and its basis is described.
Date:
December 19, 1961
Creator:
Adams, Lawrence R. & Sondhaus, Charles A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effect of Temperature on the Yield Strength of the Polycrystalline Hexagonal Ag-Al Intermetallic Phase
The effect of temperature on the yield strength of the polycrystalline hexagonal Ag-Al intermetallic phase was investigated over the temperature range 77 to 775 K. It was found that the curve for yield stress vs temperature for both polycrystalline Ag-33 at .% Al specimens that were heavily cold worked prior to deformation and those that were recrystallized prior to deformation was parallel to that for prismatic slip in single crystals.
Date:
December 18, 1961
Creator:
Tanaka, Kichinosuko & Mote, Jim D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydromagnetic Ionizing Fronts
One of the techniques by which highly ionized plasmas can be generated in the laboratory makes use of strong, electromagnetically driven shock waves propagating into a cold gas. In this paper the phenomenon is analyzed as a one-dimensional single-fluid hydromagnetic problem, neglecting dissipation behind the wave. We hypothesize that the rarefaction wave remains attached to the front. In the limit of essentially complete ionization behind the front the problem can be solved analytically as long as the transverse magnetic field there remains small compared with the longitudinal field.
Date:
December 14, 1961
Creator:
Kunkel, Wulf B. & Gross, Robert A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron Dosimetry in and Around Human Phantoms By Use of Nuclear Track Emulsion
The power of nuclear track research emulsion as a fast neutron dosimeter is examined in the exposure of a human phantom to PuBe neutrons. Semiautomatic track scanning and high-speed data analysis obviate the major disadvantages of this dosimeter, and allow the following basic information to be obtained without a serious cost in time: the rulative proton recoil energy spectrum, the absolute differential proton track den sity spectrum, and the average proton recoil energy at various locations in the phantom. From this are calculated the total absorbed local tissue doze due is proton recoils, the local thermal neutron intensity, and that portion of the tissue doze due to thermal [formula] tracks.
Date:
November 30, 1961
Creator:
Akagi, Hiroaki & Lehman, Richard L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydromagnetic Ionizing Waves
One of the techniques by which highly ionized plasmas can be generated in the laboratory makes use of strong, electromagnetically driven shock waves propagating into a cold gas. In this paper the phenomenon is analyzed as a one-dimensional single-fluid hydromagnetic problem, neglecting dissipation behind the wave.
Date:
December 26, 1961
Creator:
Kunkel, Wulf B. & Gross, Robert A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Radiolysis Of Liquid Isobutane With Pulsed Electrons
Of the saturated hydrocarbons, isobutane represents the simplest case where specificity in radiolytic behavior owing to structural configuration should be apparent. The hydrogen bonded to the tertiary carbon atoms should, on the basis of bond strengths alone, be expected to be more reactive than other hydrogen atoms in the molecule. In order to investigate such specificity, liquid isobutane has been irradiated at 20' and an attempt made to identify and measure all products through the C8 (C<sub>8) hydrocarbons.
Date:
October 1961
Creator:
Yamamoto, B. Y.; Sciamanna, A. F. & Newton, Amos S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Recoil Study Of The Reaction C12(p,pn)C11 [formula]
Recoil ranges of C11 from the reaction C12(p,pn)C11 are presented for incident proton energies from 0.25 to 6.2 Gev. From these data it is concluded that a neutron evaporation mechanism cannot be the major mechanism. The result for incident energies of 3 and 6.2 Gev are consistent with a fast reaction consisting of a single inelastic nucleon-nucleon collision. Assuming this mechanism, an average kinetic energy of 19 Mev can be deduced for the struck neutron (before the collision) in the C12 nucleus.
Date:
October 24, 1961
Creator:
Singh, Sarjant & Alexander, John M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electromagnetic Properties Of A Charged Vector Meson
A systematic study is made of the electromagnetic properties of charged vector mesons. The various formalisms used to describe charged particles of spin 1 are compared, and a new first-order formulation of the Stuckelberg theory is developed.
Date:
October 12, 1961
Creator:
Young, James A. & Bludmen, Sidney A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Spectrophotometry Of Metal-Ammonia Solutions At Low Temperatures
Two types of apparatus are described for measuring the absorption spectra of metal-ammonia solutions with the Gary Model 14 Spectrophotometer. One apparatus was used for dilute solutions at -70'; the other was used for more concentrated solutions and had provision for holding the solutions at any temperature between their boiling points and -70'.
Date:
December 1961
Creator:
Gold, Marvin & Jolly, William L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Theoretical Consideration Of Asymmetric Heat Flow At The Interface Of The Dissimilar Metals
Several investigators have found that the resistance to heat transfer at certain metal-metal interfaces is dependent upon the direction of heat flow across these interfaces. This paper shows that such a phenomenon can be explained by application of the theory of heat conduction in the solid state.
Date:
October 1961
Creator:
Moon, Joon Sang & Keeler, R. N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermodynamic Properties Of Gaseous Metal Dihalides
The second and third law methods of thermodynamics are used to obtain the enthalpies of vaporization of the halides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sn, Pb, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. Molecular and free energy data necessary for such calculations are presented. The structure of bonding in these molecules is briefly discussed.
Date:
September 1961
Creator:
Brewer, Leo, 1919-2005; Somayajulu, G. R. & Brackett, Elizabeth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sheet Metal Can Furnace
A need for a small vertical cylinder-type furnace arises frequently in the Chemistry Department at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (LRL). Adequate heat is the major requirement; close control or calibration is not usually necessary. A heating unit of this type can either be used for quickly concentrating solutions in centrifuge cones or, by the addition of a refractory pedestal--can be made into a crucible furnace for size 0 and 00 crucibles. Because much of the chemistry done at LRL is with radioisotopes, disposal of contaminated equipment is an important consideration. In general, furnaces are difficult to decontaminate, hence there was a need for a disposable type. Because nothing meeting the requirements seemed to be commercially available, the Health Chemistry Department made up a simple furnace that has proved useful.
Date:
August 17, 1961
Creator:
Doyle, Richard C. & Phillips, Will D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fabricating Liquid-Hydrogen Targets From Mylar
The increasing popularity of liquid-hydrogen targets in physics research has emphasized the need for containers with maximum beam transparency (i.e., thin walls and low Z) and suitable strength at cryogenic temperatures. Fabrication of a Mylar container satisfying these requirements is described here.
Date:
August 17, 1961
Creator:
Mehr, David L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calibration Of Bridgman Anvils, A Pressure Scale To 125 Kbars
It is shown that a radial pressure gradient exists in the silver chloride when it is used as the pressure transmitting medium in Bridgman anvils. The gradient can be obviated by the use of circular sections of wire. The center of curvature of the wire hoop is made coincident with the anvil center. When the inner and outer diameters of the pyrophyllite retaining ring are 1/2 and 7/16" respectively, the pressure, P, is P = (0.725 + 0.468R) L where R is the fractional displacement from the center, and L is the average pressure as determined from the total load and area of the anvil face. The above appears to be valid to 125 Kbars. The Bismuth 6-8 transition is found to accur at 88+3 Kbars.
Date:
August 1961
Creator:
Montgomery, Peter W.; Stromberg, Harold; Lura, George H. & Jura, George
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Crystal Structure Of Cobalt Sulfate Hexahydrate
Calorimetric measurements by Rao and Giauque (1960) showed some unaccountable residual entropy in crystals of [formula] at low temperatures. We have investigated the crystal structure in search of an explanation of the disorder. The resulting structure offers no possibility of disordered rings of hydrogen bonds such as were found in [formula], nor do we find any other explanation of the entropy discrepancy.
Date:
August 1961
Creator:
Zalkin, Allan; Ruben, Helena & Templeton, David H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Reactions In Crossed Molecular Beams
Even in its present primitive stage the molecular beam method promises to open up many opportunities for detailed studies of reactive collisions. The early results described here have revealed several features inaccessible to the traditional methods of kinetics. We hope this program of beam studies will ultimately provide the basis for constructing a theory of the molecular mechanics of reactions. By borrowing what are now everyday techniques in nuclear physics (modulation of the beams; mass analysis and counting of detected ions) it appears possible to gain from four to six orders of magnitude.
Date:
July 1961
Creator:
Herschbach, Dudley R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Semiempirical Correlation Of BU⁺ Annihilation Rates In Metals
It is shown that the annihilation rates of positrons in metals can be correlated to a good degree by a simple model of the annihilation process based on an assumption that the fractional number of electrons available for annihilation varies as the inverse of the atomic volume of the metal.
Date:
July 1961
Creator:
McHugh, James A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library