Final report for a grant contract documenting information about the scope of the project and results.

A pilot model of an Aerodynamic Raindrop Sorter was constructed along the lines suggested by mathematical analysis. The function of the analyzer is to sort natural rain according to drop size and to collect the sorted drops for further analysis. The pilot model, a small wind tunnel inclined at 45 deg to the horizontal, demonstrated the feasibility of aerodynamic rain drop sorting over a wide range of drop sizes. (auth)

This report provides a broad and in depth discussion of bismuth, discussing the properties of bismuth--including physical, electrochemical, and chemical properties. It then discusses the processes by which bismuth is detected and how bismuth can be separated and isolated, with discussions of dissolution, precipitation, and extraction.

The differential cross-section for bremestrahlung in p-p collisions at an energy of 140 Mev is calculated at the upper end of the photon spectrum. the only transition which is considered is the E2 transition between 1D2 and the 1S0 state. The Siegart theorem is used and influence of the Coulomb force between the two protons is neglected.

Introduction: Objectives and Method of Approach. High plant efficiencies can be realized without excessively high core temperatures and high coolant pressures by the use of liquid metal coolant. In an attempt to prove the feasibility of liquid sodium as a reactor coolant ALCO Products, Inc., under sponsorship of the Atomic Energy Commission, is undertaking a design study of three vital system components: the intermediate exchanger, the boiler, and the superheater. Since, in the past programs, the nuclear reactor had been the major focus of attention, the development of the sodium cooled reactor and sodium pumps for this application are thought to need the less development than the heat exchanger equipment. Consequently, parallel design studies of the reactor, pumps, and other system components have not yet been initiated.

The Ising model, a system of atoms arranged on a lattice with simple nearest neighbor interactions, provides a more or less realistic description of many physical systems. The state of each atom is specified by a two-valued variable, which may be identified with: (1) its spin (up or down), if one wishes to describe a magnetic system; (2) its identity (A or B), if one wishes to describe a a mixture of two kinds of atoms; or (3) its presence or absence (atom or hole), if one is dealing with a lattice gas. In all three cases it is assumed that the energy of a configuration of the system, aside from the energy of interaction with external fields, is simply a sum of energies of nearest-neighbor pairs, the energy of a pair being zero if the two atoms are similar, and the sum if they are different. In describing the calculations, we shall use the terminology appropriate to (2), but the results will be general statements about the model.

This report undertakes research to study LiCuCl3-2H2O is from a structural standpoint, revealing the oxygen positions. The study uses the Levy-Bussing anisotropic temperature factor treatment and least squares program to determine a discrepancy factor for the visually determined intensities. The structure of the molecule is also found to have interesting magnetic properties which has inspired a new study at Brookhaven.

"This is the second quarterly report under Contract AT(30-1)-2528 for the decontamination and recovery of precious metals from contaminated scrap. the emphasis on the analytical chemical techniques and methods was continued during this report period."

This paper is primarily intended to give an account of a few of the diagnostic techniques that have been applied to a highly ionized, steady-state helium plasma at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. However, to establish a proper perspective it will first be well to describe briefly the system in which the plasma is generated and studied.

This report describes the method and research that led to the development of a "new type of mechanical seal for a high-voltage, vacuum pass-through...for use in a general utility 60º sector mass spectrometer." (From introductory paragraph)

The meter, based on the galvanic cell described by Hersh, was developed by the Analytical Chemistry Group of the A.A.E.C. Research Establishment to enable traces of oxygen in gases to be determined. The instrument consists of our main parts; the galvanic cell, the electrolytic cell, the flowrate indicator, and the control unit.

From introduction: "This study is concerned with the basic variables that affect the electrostatic classification of heterogeneous aerosols in the submicron range, especially below 0.1 micron. The variables of interest are particle size, concentration, composition, dielectric constant, shape, and initial charge as they relate to rate of charging and therefore to the point of deposition in the classifier."

This report describes and evaluates the Hanford 105 reactor building structures' ability to withstand an internal pressure increase. The means by which their roof and wall surface would contain a pressure buildup 0.3 psi, and prevent contaminant release which might accompany a nuclear incident are discussed. Prototypes of the B, D, DR, F, and H reactor block wall configuration, the corrugated transite roof of the K reactors, and the corrugated transite walls of the K and C reactors are evaluated. Methods of securing certain building components are described, and a comparison of several candidate sealant coatings presented for consideration. These tests were performed at the request of the Design Operation, as part of CG-791, an existing reactor containment program. This series of tests represents only a part of the overall modifications program. A study of the reactor building containment design criteria is available in a Hanford document, HW-59236, by T. O. Brown.

A program of free-surface steam-water separation at 600 psig was carried out in support of the design for operation of the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor at 100 MW thermal. Reduced test data are presented without evaluation since the ANL technical representative received an original copy of the data for evaluation with respect to the EBWR design.

The Fuel Cycle Development Program is a basic development program of boiling and other water reactor technology. This is the first report to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission of activities carried out under this program. It constitutes a review of the progress from April 27, 1959 through July 31, 1960.

...Development during this quarter have caused a shift in emphasis of the Pebble Bed Reactor Fuel Element Development Program from coatings on the sphere surface to coatings on individual fuel particles as the major deterrent to fission product leakage. In a high level irradiation test, cracks developed in the coatings of specimens coated with pyrolytic carbon and siliconized silicon carbide. In another high level irradiation test, a graphite sphere fueled with Al2O3 coated with UO2 particles is showing excellent fission product retention. The leakage factors (i.e. rate of release/rate of production) for long lived volatile fission products such as Kr85m, Kr87, Kr88, Xe133, Xe135 are ranging from 10 to the negative 9th to 10 to the negative 6th. If this degree of fission product retention is maintained in a large power reactor, it would result in essentially a "clean" primary loop.

A variety of spherical uranium-graphite fuel elements were fabricated with the objective of meeting the requirements of the Pebble Bed Reactor. Major emphasis was on silicon-silicon carbide coatings, pyrolytic carbon coatings and alumina coated fuel particles. An exploratory program on the limits of thorium oxide loadings by the infiltration process was started.Poor results with sintered alumina coated UO2 particles led to development work on alumina coating by vapor deposition for which the results have been most encouraging. A wide variety of sub-surface metal, metal carbide, and ceramic coatings located between an unfueled graphite shell and the fueled core of a PBR fuel element were prepared and examined.

Introduction: "This eleventh quarterly report of the research and development activities of the Radiological Sciences Department, Hanford Works, as before, includes some items charged to control but included for general interest. Such are identified as "not charged to research". The previous report of this series was numbered: HW-24131 - April 16, 1952."

The main difficulties of experiments on the influence of radiation on creep is metals are discussed. Some typical apparatuses for investigation by using natural sources, reactors, cyclotrons, etc., are described. These methods have resulted in relatively inaccurate measurements up to now. Therefore, the published results do not allow any statement of laws, but only tendencies. There is a surprising influence of charged particles on creep rate in spite of their low depth of penetration. The discussion of the results leads to the conclusion, that the temperature of the specimen, the stresses and the density of beam are very important. Two requirements are put forward if such researches are to be of technical importance and not only of theoretical interest.

Lithium fluoride crystals were quenched into silicone oil from near the melting point. The return to an equilibrium structure during annealing was observed by means of mechanical tests and etching techniques. Crystals containing three levels of impurity, zone refined, commercially pure, and doped with 0.05 mole per cent magnesium, were used in order to separate the effects of foreign ions from those of thermal vacancies. The changes of mechanical properties produced by quenching and by subsequent annealing were generally attributable to point defect-dislocation interactions. Precision density determinations indicated that about 10% of the equilibrium concentration of vacancies at the melting point was retained at room temperature by the quench. The density could be restored to its normal value by annealing. Two important annealing stages were observed. At about 200 deg C the precipitation of impurities retained in solution by the quench caused a sharp increase in the hardness as measured at room temperature. Isothermal annealing revealed the hardening process to have an activation energy of about 0.5 ev which is probably the energy for migration of an associated magnesium ion-lithium vacancy pair. Between 300 and 400 deg C the removal of dislocations and probably vacancy clusters resulting from the quench …

The complex formation reaction between beryllium and aluminon was investigated for different values of pH. It was established that at pH between 4 and 5 a complex is formed containing the constituents in the ratio 1 : 1 . At a pH between 7 and 8 a complex is formed having a beryllium-aluminon ratio of 3 : 1. At pH 6 both complexes are formed . It is shown that the complexes can be distinguished optically and in other aspects. The colorimetric determination of beryllium with aluminon is made at pH 5. At this pH value the results obtained for the determination of beryllium are satisfactory and of sufficient reproducibility.

Selenenoyl-2-acetone is much more suitable for the extraction of thorium from aqueous solutions than acetylacetone, which is extensively used for this purpose. The stability constants of thorium selenenoyl-2-acetoneates and the distribution coefficient of the extracted complex in the CHCl3-H2O system have a higher value than those of the acetylacetonates of this element.

Abstract. Monte Carlo methods using importance sampling and splitting are proposed for estimating the effectiveness of neutron shields. As usual, the aim is to increase the number of particles that go through or around the shield, this increase being compensated by a decrease in the weights of these particles. With suitable modifications, the ideas are applicable to to other Monte Carlo problems. One way of using splitting and Russian roulette is to require that the weight of each particle be approximately equal to a specified function of the coordinate; one such function is given in equation. The proposed form of importance sampling uses a cross-section for particle collisions that is the product of the neutron cross-section (or its square root) with a linear function of the cosine of the angle between the particle direction and some preferred direction. The probability density of this cosine itself is taken proportional to the reciprocal of this same linear function. This function is adjustable on both a regional and an overall basis.

Since the discoveries by the early U. S. and Russian satellites of the great radiation belts which surround the earth a considerable amount of effort has been expended to determine the nature, flux, and energy distribution of the trapped particles. This is done for serval reasons. First, it is important for purely geophysical and geomagnetic purposes to understand the source of these particles as well as the magnetic trapping phenomena and loses mechanisms. Secondly, it is imperative, if one is to travel through space to have knowledge of the radiation present there so that he may shield himself sufficiently and avoid bodily harm from over-exposure to radiation.