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Investigations of Salt River Vanadium Deposits, Lincoln County, Wyoming (open access)

Investigations of Salt River Vanadium Deposits, Lincoln County, Wyoming

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over studies conducted on the vanadium deposits of Lincoln County, Wyoming. As stated in the introduction, "the work performed by the Bureau of Mines is explained in detail and supplemented with plans, sections, and a complete set of sample analyses. Proposed mining methods are discussed, and metallurgical tests are outlined" (p. 2). This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date: August 1949
Creator: Allsman, Paul T.; Majors, Forest H.; Mahoney, Stanford R. & Young, W. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lead-Zinc-Silver in the Poughkeepsie District and Part of the Upper Uncompahgre and Mineral Point Districts, Ouray and San Juan Counties, Colorado (open access)

Lead-Zinc-Silver in the Poughkeepsie District and Part of the Upper Uncompahgre and Mineral Point Districts, Ouray and San Juan Counties, Colorado

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over mining districts in Colorado. As noted in the introduction, "in this report the physical features, climate, and ore deposits of the districts are described, and a brief history of mining and production of lead, zinc, and silver is given" (p. 4). This report includes tables, illustrations, and maps.
Date: September 1949
Creator: Hazen, Scott W., Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Casper Mountain Chromite Deposits, Natrona County, Wyoming (open access)

Investigation of Casper Mountain Chromite Deposits, Natrona County, Wyoming

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over a large chromite deposit on Casper Mountain. Description of the deposit is listed. This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date: August 1949
Creator: Horton, Frederick W. & Allsman, Paul T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Capitan Iron Deposits, Lincoln County, New Mexico: Supplement to R. I. 4022 (open access)

Investigation of Capitan Iron Deposits, Lincoln County, New Mexico: Supplement to R. I. 4022

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines on iron deposits located in Lincoln County. Properties of the iron deposits are presented. This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date: August 1949
Creator: Soulé, John H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Titanium Minerals in Central and Northeastern Florida (open access)

Titanium Minerals in Central and Northeastern Florida

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over titanium minerals in Florida. Evaluation of titanium samples obtained is presented. This report includes tables, and maps.
Date: September 1949
Creator: Thoenen, J. R. & Warne, J. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of the Young American Lead-Zinc Deposit, Stevens County, Washington (open access)

Investigation of the Young American Lead-Zinc Deposit, Stevens County, Washington

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over investigations of mines in Stevens County, Washington. The history, geology, and physical features of the mines are presented. This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date: November 1949
Creator: Hundhausen, Robert J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Motor-Gasoline Survey: Winter 1948-49 (open access)

National Motor-Gasoline Survey: Winter 1948-49

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over surveys conducted on the motor fuels sold during the winter of 1948-1949. The properties of the fuels sampled are presented. This report includes tables, graphs, and maps.
Date: July 1949
Creator: Blade, O. C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of the McCormick Chromite Mine, Tuolumne County, California (open access)

Investigation of the McCormick Chromite Mine, Tuolumne County, California

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over investigations on the McCormick chromite mine. Descriptions of the chromite deposits are presented. Details about the development made in the mine are listed. This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date: November 1949
Creator: Shattuck, John R. & Ricker, Spangler
System: The UNT Digital Library
Diamond Drilling at the Boston Consolidated Copper Mine, Salt Lake County, Utah (open access)

Diamond Drilling at the Boston Consolidated Copper Mine, Salt Lake County, Utah

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over diamond-drilling projects in Salt Lake County. The geology, physical features, and history of the mines are presented. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.
Date: November 1949
Creator: Jones, Robert L. & Wilson, Stephen R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Christy Titanium Deposit, Hot Spring County, Arkansas (open access)

Investigation of Christy Titanium Deposit, Hot Spring County, Arkansas

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over titanium deposits on the Christy property in Arkansas. Details of the location, and drilling methods are presented. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.
Date: December 1949
Creator: Reed, Donald F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Magnet Cove Rutile Deposit, Hot Spring County, Arkansas (open access)

Investigation of Magnet Cove Rutile Deposit, Hot Spring County, Arkansas

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines on the exploration of the Magnet Cove Rutile deposits. Descriptions of the deposit, and characteristics of the pyrite, titanium, and mineral ore are presented. This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date: December 1949
Creator: Reed, Donald F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
University of Chicago Spectroscopic Laboratory Annual Report: September 1, 1948 - May 31, 1949, Part 2 (open access)

University of Chicago Spectroscopic Laboratory Annual Report: September 1, 1948 - May 31, 1949, Part 2

Report containing articles, manuscripts, and tabulations of recorded spectra created by the Spectroscopic Laboratory of the University of Chicago.
Date: 1949-05~
Creator: University of Chicago. Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Spectra.
System: The UNT Digital Library
United States Earthquakes, 1949 (open access)

United States Earthquakes, 1949

Report discussing earthquake activity in the United States during 1949. The report is broken down by regions and has sections for specific earthquakes.
Date: 1949
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tables of the Confluent Hypergeometric Function F(n/2, 1/2; X) and Related Functions (open access)

Tables of the Confluent Hypergeometric Function F(n/2, 1/2; X) and Related Functions

Report presenting tables of the confluent hypergeometric function and some related functions. Information regarding the scope of tables, analytical properties, and approximations are provided.
Date: 1949
Creator: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Computation Laboratory.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iron Blast-Furnace Slag Production Processing, Properties, and Uses (open access)

Iron Blast-Furnace Slag Production Processing, Properties, and Uses

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over the production of blast-furnace slag. Characteristics and uses of slag are discussed. This report includes tables, maps, illustrations, and photographs.
Date: 1949
Creator: Josephson, G. W.; Sillers, F., Jr. & Runner, D. G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nitrogen 12 (open access)

Nitrogen 12

N{sup 12} is shown to have a half life of 12.5 {+-} 1 milliseconds, and a positron upper limit of 16.6 {+-} 0.2 Mev. It is produced by the reaction C{sup 12}(p,n)N{sup 12}, and has a threshold proton energy of 20.0 Mev. This indicates that N{sup 12} is within about 200 Kev of being unstable against proton emission. The mass of N{sup 12} is 12.0228 {+-} 0.00015, and the beta transition is allowed.
Date: January 19, 1949
Creator: Alvarez, Luis W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Experiments on the Effect of Atomic Electrons on the DecayConstant of Be7 II. (open access)

Experiments on the Effect of Atomic Electrons on the DecayConstant of Be7 II.

A comparison of the decay constants of Be{sup 7} in beryllium oxide and in beryllium fluoride has given {lambda}{sub BeO}-{lambda}{sub BeF{sub 2}} = (+1.375 {+-} 0.053)10{sup -3}{lambda}{sub BeO} thus showing a definite effect of the chemical binding on the radioactive decay constant.
Date: June 15, 1949
Creator: Leininger, R. F.; Segre, E. & Wiegand, C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Low Mass Francium and Emanation Isotopes of High AlphaStability (open access)

Low Mass Francium and Emanation Isotopes of High AlphaStability

Isotopes of francium with 126 or fewer neutrons have been looked for in bombardments of Th{sup 232} with 350 Mev protons from the 184-inch cyclotron. Fr{sup 212} with an apparent half-life of 19.3 minutes for branching decay by alpha emission (44%) to At{sup 208} and by orbital electron capture (56%) to Em{sup 212} has been found. Em{sup 212} is shown to be a 23-minute alpha-emitter. At{sup 208} decays primarily (99.5%) by orbital electron capture to Po{sup 208}, but shows 0.5% alpha-branching. The francium and emanation isotopes have alpha half-lives completely out of line with the predictions based on the previously known isotopes of these elements. Their high alpha stability is believed to be due to a closed shell of 126 neutrons in analogy to the behavior of elements 83-85. The non-existence of long-lived francium in nature is discussed in the terms of this and other recent work on francium isotopes.
Date: October 10, 1949
Creator: Hyde, E. K.; Ghiorso, A. & Seaborg, G. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
New Low Mass Isotopes of Emanation (Element 86) (open access)

New Low Mass Isotopes of Emanation (Element 86)

Among the spallation products obtained from the 350-Mev proton bombardment of Th{sup 232} they have identified two gaseous alpha-emitters which apparently do not decay into any presently known alpha-decay chains. The half-lives observed for the decay of the alpha-activities are 23 minutes and 2.1 hours. These half-lives may be principally determined by an unknown amount of orbital electron capture. At least one alpha-emitting daughter (about 4 hours half-life) has been observed to grow from a gaseous parent, but it has not been determined whether it arises from alpha-decay or electron-capture. Since these gaseous atoms emit alpha-particles it is assumed that they are isotopes of element 86 (emanation or radon) rather than a lighter rare gas. if they were heavy isotopes such as Em{sup 221} or Em{sup 223}, both unknown, they would decay into known alpha-decay series, the neptunium and actinium series, respectively, and so would grow known short lived alpha-emitters which would have been detected. It thus appears reasonable that they must be lighter than the known emanation isotopes.
Date: September 5, 1949
Creator: Ghiorso, A.; Meinke, W. W. & Seaborg, G. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Systematics of Alpha-Radioactivity (open access)

Systematics of Alpha-Radioactivity

Correlations of alpha-decay energies in terms of mass number and atomic number have been made for all of the alpha-emitting species now numbering over 100. For each element isotopes show increase in alpha-energy with decrease in mass number except in the region of 126 neutrons where there is an explainable reversal. This reversal has the effect of creating a region of relatively low alpha-energy and long half-life at low mass numbers for such elements as astatine, emanation, francium, and possibly higher elements as had been noted already for bismuth and polonium. Methods and examples of using alpha-decay data to define the energy surface in the heavy element region are discussed. The regularities in alpha-decay are used for predictions of nuclear properties including prediction of the beta-stable nuclides among the heavy elements. The half-life vs. energy correlations show that the even-even nuclides conform well with existing alpha-decay theory, but all nuclear types with odd nucleons show prohibited decay. The reason for this prohibition is not found in spin changes in the alpha-emission but in the assembly of the components of the alpha particle, and this theory is discussed further in terms of observations made on nuclides having two or more alpha-groups. …
Date: September 12, 1949
Creator: Perlman, I.; Ghiorso, A. & Seaborg, G. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Proposed Experimental Test of the Neutrino Theory (open access)

A Proposed Experimental Test of the Neutrino Theory

The experiment outlined in this proposal has the possibility of giving an answer to the important question, 'Does the neutrino exist'? It is unfortunate that at the present time, there is no convincing experimental that neutrinos exist. Two recent articles review the status of various experiments which could give information about neutrinos. In general, these experiments give results in agreement with the predictions of beta decay theory. But actually, if even the most complete of the 'recoil type' experiments could be performed satisfactorily, all that could be concluded would be the following: the energy and momentum relationships in beta decay are consistent with the theory that the known energy deficit is carried away by a single particle. But to emphasize the fact that this would not constitute a proof of the real existence of that particle, the following quotations from the review articles should be noted. Crane says, 'All of the evidence about the neutrino is, as already pointed out, indirect in character since neutrinos have not yet been caught after leaving the nucleus. It can, of course, be argued on very general grounds that, if energy is not conserved between nucleus and electron, momentum should not be expected to …
Date: April 18, 1949
Creator: Alvarez, Luis W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Carrier-free Radioisotopes from Cyclotron Targets I. Preparation and Isolation of Sn113 and In114 from Cadmium (open access)

Carrier-free Radioisotopes from Cyclotron Targets I. Preparation and Isolation of Sn113 and In114 from Cadmium

The cyclotron is the only practical source of many carrier-free radioisotopes. The preparation and radiochemical isolation of a number of these activities, produced in the 60-inch cyclotron of Crocker Laboratory, will be presented in this paper and in subsequent papers of this series. In most cases the carrier-free radioisotopes were prepared for use in biological systems and the final preparations were in the form of isotonic saline solutions at a range of pH from 5 to 8. The present paper reports the radiochemical isolation of carrier-free Sn{sup 113} and In{sup 114} produced by bombarding cadmium with 38 Mev alpha-particles. At this energy, Sn{sup 113} and In{sup 114} are produced in a thick target by the nuclear reactions; Cd{sup 110}({alpha},n)Sn{sup 113}, Cd{sup 111}({alpha},2n)Sn{sup 113}, Cd{sup 112}({alpha},3n)Sn{sup 113}, Cd{sup 111}({alpha},p)In{sup 114}, Cd{sup 112}({alpha},pn) In{sup 114}. The shorter-lived tin and indium activities together with the possible radioisotopes of silver produced by (n,p) reactions, were allowed to decay out prior to the chemical separations.
Date: August 11, 1949
Creator: Maxwell, R. D.; Haymond, H. R.; Bobmberger, D. R.; Garrison, W. M. & Hamilton, J. G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Half-Life for Double Beta-Decay (open access)

Half-Life for Double Beta-Decay

Fireman(1) has reported the results of a rather difficult beta-particle coincidence counting experiment in which the decay of Sn{sup 124} by the simultaneous emission of two negative beta-particles, with a half-life between 0.4 x 10{sup 16} years and 0.9 x 10{sup 16} years, seems to have been observed. This note reports the results obtained from a different and somewhat simpler method of looking for the phenomenon of simultaneous emission of two beta-particles. These results are negative so far and show that this process is considerably less probable in the case chosen by us than in that reported by Fireman. The method consists of looking in uranium samples for 90-year Pu{sup 238} which would come from U{sup 238} by the double beta-particle mechanism since Np{sup 238} is heavier than U{sup 238}, which in turn is substantially heavier than Pu{sup 238}, in the isobaric triplet {sub 92}U{sup 238}-{sub 93}Np{sup 238}-{sub 94}Pu{sup 238}. This chemical method of investigation is particularly applicable to this isobaric triplet because there appears to be no other mechanisms to account for the Pu{sup 238} should it be found. The energetics of the situation are summarized in the following diagram, where the disintegration energies are derived from sources which …
Date: October 21, 1949
Creator: Levine, C. A.; Ghiorso, A. & Seaborg, G. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Alpha-Decay in Isotopes of Atomic Number Less Than 83 (open access)

Alpha-Decay in Isotopes of Atomic Number Less Than 83

Some time ago we started work in an attempt to observe alpha-particle decay in isotopes of atomic number less than 83. In the first experiments, thin targets of gold leaf were bombarded with 190-Mev deuterons in the 184-inch cyclotron. Two alpha-decay periods were observed in these targets; one of 0.7 minutes half-life and another of 4.3 minutes half-life. The alpha-particle energies were 5.7 and 5.2 Mev, respectively. Chemical separations proved that the 4.3-minute period is due to a gold isotope and suggested that the 0.7-minute period is due to a mercury isotope. The mass numbers of these new isotopes have not been determined. However, the results of excitation-functions in the production of the gold isotope by bombarding gold and platinum with protons suggest that its mass number lies in the range 185-188. The work on this isotope indicates that the alpha to electron capture branching ratio is of the order of magnitude of 10{sup -4}, and that positron activity accompanies the 4.3-minute alpha-period.
Date: September 5, 1949
Creator: Thompson, S. G.; Ghiorso, A.; Radmussen, J. O. & Seaborg, G. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library