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Hay Caps (open access)

Hay Caps

"Hay caps can be used to advantage to keep rain from wetting hay in cocks on many farms in the eastern half of the United States." -- p. 2. This bulletin describes the different types of hay camps, estimates their cost, and explains how hay caps may be used.
Date: 1918
Creator: McClure, H. B. (Harry B.)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Handling Barnyard Manure in Eastern Pennsylvania (open access)

Handling Barnyard Manure in Eastern Pennsylvania

"Barnyard manure is handled with special care and excellent results by farmers in certain parts of Eastern Pennsylvania. For over a century it has been the custom in this region to store stable manure in a walled manure yard, partly or wholly covered, in which the stabled animals are allowed to exercise during the day. Manure thrown into such a yard and thoroughly tramped by stock loses much less through heating and leaching than does manure piled in the open. This bulletin describes the manure-yard method of handling manure and outlines the farm practices of ten successful farmers who follow this method." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Brodie, D. A. (David Arthur), b. 1868
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Practices That Increase Crop Yields in Kentucky and Tennessee (open access)

Farm Practices That Increase Crop Yields in Kentucky and Tennessee

"In the limestone and mountain districts south of the Ohio River there is much land that has been run down by continual cropping without rotation. In some places run-down land is left to grow up in weeds, wild grasses, and brush, a practice known as 'resting' the land. Where this sort of farm management is followed farm manure is largely wasted, little or no attention is paid to green-manure crops or other means of putting humus into the soil, and crop yields are very low. However, progressive farmers throughout the region who have built up run-down lands are now getting heavy yields. In the following pages are described some of the methods by which these farmers get results by making good use of farm manure and crop refuse, using legumes and grasses in regular rotations, and applying lime and commercial fertilizers." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Arnold, J. H. (Jacob Hiram), 1864-1921
System: The UNT Digital Library
Control of the Green Clover Worm in Alfalfa Fields (open access)

Control of the Green Clover Worm in Alfalfa Fields

"Severe infestation of alfalfa by the green clover worm has been reported recently from the central part of the United States. Caterpillars, hatching out from eggs laid by small brown and black moths, in some cases have stripped the foliage from alfalfa plants to such an extent that infested fields have been made to appear ragged. The green clover worm is generally distributed over the eastern half of the country. Timely cutting of the crop so as to remove their food supply when the caterpillars are most abundant, with clean culture, is the best control measure. It may be supplemented by the use of the hopper-dozer when outbreaks are particularly bad." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Hill, Charles C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bean and Pea Weevils (open access)

Bean and Pea Weevils

"This bulletin tells about the principal kinds of bean and pea weevils and explains fully the methods of averting losses from these pests."
Date: 1918
Creator: Back, E. A. & Duckett, A. B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm and Home Drying of Fruits and Vegetables (open access)

Farm and Home Drying of Fruits and Vegetables

"Imperative necessity demands nation-wide conservation of those portions of our food crops which have heretofore been permitted to go to waste. A considerable portion of this wasted food material is made up of perishable fruits and vegetables produced in home gardens and fruit plats in excess of the immediate needs of the producers and in the absence of accessible markets for the surplus. Drying offers a simple, convenient, and economical method for preserving food materials and permits the carrying over of the surplus into periods in which fresh fruits and vegetables are expensive or unobtainable.... Directions for the preparation, drying, and subsequent storage and care of the dried products are given fully for each of the more important fruits and vegetables." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Caldwell, Joseph S. (Joseph Stuart)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Farm Practices That Increase Crop Yields: The Gulf Coast Region (open access)

Farm Practices That Increase Crop Yields: The Gulf Coast Region

"Gulf Coast region upland soils are ordinarily deficient in nitrogen and need to be supplied with liberal quantities of organic matter if profitable crop yields are to be produced. This condition is most easily and cheaply remedied by growing such legumes as velvet beans, cowpeas, soy beans, bur clover, crimson clover, hairy vetch, and beggar weed, and by carefully utilizing all farm manures, crop residues, and other sources of humus. By a simple readjustment most of the cropping systems followed in this region may be made to include one or more legumes which will increase the supply of nitrogen and humus in the soil and greatly increase crop yields. Systems by means of which crop yields are being increased in the region are discussed in the following pages." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Crosby, M. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Timothy (open access)

Timothy

"Timothy, usually seeded in mixture with clover, is grown in rotations with other crops on most of the farms in the northeastern fourth of the United States. Timothy is usually seeded with some grain as a nurse crop. Winter wheat and rye are generally better nurse crops than oats or other spring grains. Timothy seeded alone in late August or early September will produce a crop of clear timothy hay the following season. Fertilizers applied on corn, wheat, or other crops grown in rotation with timothy increase the following hay crops. Farm manure or nitrate of soda applied as a top-dressing on meadow is very effective in increasing the yields of timothy. As a rule, timothy should be harvested for hay after the plants have passed out of full bloom and before any of the heads on the earliest plants have begun to turn brown and before the seed has begun to mature." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Evans, Morgan W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cooperative Bull Associations (open access)

Cooperative Bull Associations

"Cooperative bull associations are formed by farmers for the joint ownership, use, and exchange of pure-bred bulls. The purchase price and cost of maintenance are distributed according to the number of cows owned by each, thereby giving the farmer an opportunity to build up his herd at minimum expense. The organization also helps its members to market dairy stock and dairy products, to fight contagious diseases of cattle intelligently, and in other ways assists in improving the dairy industry. The bull association does not give something for nothing, but with an outlay of $50 can furnish a share in five pure-bred bulls. These bulls cannot increase the production of the cows in a herd, but they may double the production of their daughters. The daughters of association bulls and grade cows can never be registered, but in all other respects they may be the equal of purebreds." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Winkjer, Joel G., 1870-
System: The UNT Digital Library
Steam Sterilization of Seed Beds for Tobacco and Other Crops (open access)

Steam Sterilization of Seed Beds for Tobacco and Other Crops

"The tobacco seedling is subject to injury in the seed bed by weeds and a number of parasitic enemies, among which is a fungus root-rot. It is of the utmost importance to secure beds free from weeds and to avoid the use of diseased or weak seedlings. Methods of sterilization have been developed to control seed-bed conditions.... This bulletin describes the necessary equipment and method of operation, with certain special features of seasonal convenience and seed-bed preparation. The method is applicable for working on either small or large seed-bed areas and can be used in all tobacco-growing districts. With necessary modifications in the apparatus which will readily suggest themselves to the truck grower, the method can be used very successfully to control soil conditions in the greenhouse, in cold-frames, or in the field." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Beinhart, E. G. (Ernest George), 1887-
System: The UNT Digital Library
Terracing Farm Lands (open access)

Terracing Farm Lands

This bulletin discusses the use of terracing on farm lands as a solution to the problem of soil erosion. Two methods of terracing are described: the bench terrace and the ridge terrace. Instructions for creating terrace outlets and for laying and building terraces are also given.
Date: 1918
Creator: Ramser, C. E. (Charles Ernest), b. 1885
System: The UNT Digital Library
Culture of the Logan Blackberry and Related Varieties (open access)

Culture of the Logan Blackberry and Related Varieties

"The Logan blackberry, formerly thought to be a hybrid between a blackberry and a red raspberry, is now considered a variety of the Pacific coast species of trailing blackberry.... In this bulletin, directions are given for planting, training, and pruning the plants and for harvesting and utilizing the fruit. The information should be especially valuable for those who plan to grow this variety either commercially or in their home gardens, as well as for those who grow other kinds of blackberries." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Darrow, George M. (George McMillan), 1889-
System: The UNT Digital Library
Crop Systems for Arkansas (open access)

Crop Systems for Arkansas

"Crop systems for Arkansas that make for increased food production and increased efficiency in man labor and horse labor are described in the following pages. By the introduction of cowpeas, soybeans, and other legumes, and by second cropping, provision is made for a considerable increase in the number of crop acres that can be farmed by the average family.... In each of the cropping systems suggested the crop acreages are calculated for two men and a team, and for light, medium, and heavy soils. These systems in general apply to all of Arkansas, except the northwestern part, and some of them may be used to advantage in northern Louisiana, northeastern Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, western Tennessee, and the northern half of Mississippi." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: McNair, A. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Gas Tractor in Eastern Farming (open access)

The Gas Tractor in Eastern Farming

This bulletin discusses gas tractors with regard to their operation and maintenance in relation to farming practices in the eastern United States, particularly in New York. "Tractors using gasoline or kerosene are increasing in numbers on eastern farms. More than 250 New York State farmers furnished detailed reports of their experience with tractors during 1917 and the spring of 1918, and on these the information given in this bulletin is based." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Yerkes, Arnold P. & Church, L. M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Wheat Jointworm and Its Control (open access)

The Wheat Jointworm and Its Control

Revised edition. "The wheat jointworm is a very small grub which lives in stems of wheat, sucking the juices of the plant and causing a swelling in the stem. The egg from which it hatches is laid in the stem by an insect resembling a small black ant with wings. This insect attacks no other kind of plant. The injury which it does to wheat is very distinct from that caused by the Hessian fly, yet the depredations of these two insects are often confused by farmers. This paper is intended, therefore, to give a brief outline of the life history and the nature of the injury to the plant by the jointworm so that any farmer may readily recognize its work and be able to apply the measures of control herein recommended." -- p. 3-4
Date: 1918
Creator: Phillips, W. J. (William Jeter), 1879-1972
System: The UNT Digital Library
Saving Farm Labor by Harvesting Crops with Live Stock (open access)

Saving Farm Labor by Harvesting Crops with Live Stock

"Farm labor often may be saved by using livestock to harvest and market part of the crops. By pasturing forage crops, and feeding down grain crops, much labor can be saved. Hay must be secured for winter feeding, and grain for home use and seed, but on many farms a considerable acreage may be turned directly into beef, pork and mutton. Pasturing off the crops also helps to maintain the fertility of the soil without extra labor or expense. The keeping of farm animals furnishes profitable work during the winter when other work is less pressing, and when they require most care. This distributes remunerative labor throughout the year more evenly than otherwise would be possible. This bulletin points out, largely by pictures of actual farm practices, some of the advantages of keeping livestock and of using the hogs, sheep, and beef cattle to help harvest and market farm crops." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Drake, J. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Preparation of Bees for Outdoor Wintering (open access)

The Preparation of Bees for Outdoor Wintering

"One of the most vital parts of the beekeeper's work is the preparation of bees for outdoor wintering. No other phase of beekeeping has so direct an influence on the honey crop of the following season. The apiary should be located in a protected place and the colonies should not be moved at the time of packing. Directions are given in this bulletin for the proper arrangement of the apiary to prevent confusion due to the shifting of hives. The amount and character of the packing materials and the most economical type of packing cases are discussed. A schedule of dates for packing and unpacking the hives is presented for all parts of the United States, and the amount and character of winter stores are indicated. It is important that none of the factors of good wintering be omitted, and several tests are given so that the beekeeper may determine whether his bees are wintering properly." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Phillips, Everett Franklin, 1878-1951 & Demuth, Geo. S. (George S.)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wintering Bees in Cellars (open access)

Wintering Bees in Cellars

This bulletin gives instructions for keeping a colony of bees in a cellar during the cold winter months. It explains how to arrange the apiary in the cellar, transport the bees, maintain the cellar in the winter months, and finally how to remove the bees upon the arrival of spring.
Date: 1918
Creator: Phillips, Everett Franklin, 1878-1951 & Demuth, Geo. S. (George S.)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Common Birds of Southeastern United States in Relation to Agriculture (open access)

Common Birds of Southeastern United States in Relation to Agriculture

Revised edition. This report discusses birds commonly found in the southeastern United States with special regard to their diets and the impact these birds have on agriculture and insects in this region.
Date: 1918
Creator: Beal, F. E. L. (Foster Ellenborough Lascelles), 1840-1916; McAtee, W. L. (Waldo Lee), 1883-1962 & Kalmbach, E. R. (Edwin Richard), 1884-1972
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laws Relating to Fur-Bearing Animals, 1918 (open access)

Laws Relating to Fur-Bearing Animals, 1918

Report discussing laws relating to fur-bearing animals in the United States and Canada in 1919. Contains sections on legislation passed in 1919, U.S. federal laws, and state and provincial laws.
Date: 1918
Creator: Lantz, David E. (David Ernest)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Games Laws for 1918: A Summary of the Provisions of Federal, State, and Provincial Statutes (open access)

Games Laws for 1918: A Summary of the Provisions of Federal, State, and Provincial Statutes

Report presenting information on the game laws effective in the United States and Canada for 1918, with special emphasis on federal laws and provisions governing interstate commerce. The report is not a comprehensive overview of state game laws.
Date: 1918
Creator: Lawyer, Geo. A. (George A.) & Earnshaw, Frank L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Production of Cigar-Leaf Tobacco in Pennsylvania (open access)

The Production of Cigar-Leaf Tobacco in Pennsylvania

Revised edition. Report describing the production of tobacco in Pennsylvania, specifically cigar-leaf tobacco. Topics discussed include soil requirements, different planting methods, harvesting practices, curing and handling processes, and diseases and insect enemies of the tobacco plant.
Date: 1918
Creator: Frear, William, 1860-1922 & Hibshman, E. K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sorghum-Syrup Manufacture (open access)

Sorghum-Syrup Manufacture

Revised edition. "This bulletin describes the varieties of sorghum and tells how to plant, cultivate, and harvest the crop. It gives the methods for manufacturing sorghum syrup, often incorrectly termed sorghum "molasses," with illustrations of the apparatus used. The approximate yields of cane, of syrup, and of sorghum seed are given. Economic considerations as to the location and arrangement of a sorghum-syrup plant, fuel used, the by-products and their uses, and making syrup on shares are set forth. Tables showing the sugar content of juice from typical varieties of sorghum cane and statistics for the yield of syrup by states from 1859 to 1909 are included." -- p. 2
Date: 1918
Creator: Bryan, A. Hugh (Albert Hugh), 1874-1920; Hudson, C. H. & Sherwood, S. F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Making and Feeding of Silage (open access)

The Making and Feeding of Silage

Revised edition. Report discussing the use of silos for storing feed for livestock, with special attention to silage for dairy cattle, beef cattle, horses, and sheep. Topics discussed include crops for silage, preparing crops for storage, and storage practices.
Date: 1918
Creator: Woodward, T. E. (Thompson Elwyn); Rommel, George M. (George McCullough); Ward, W. F.; McNulty, J. B. & Marshall, F. R.
System: The UNT Digital Library