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Expert Systems and Emergency Management: An Annotated Bibliography
Abstract: This report is the result of an in-depth review of the recent technical literature on expert systems,. The material contained in this report provided a basis for assessing the potential for using expert systems in emergency management operations. In choosing the material for inclusion in this report, special emphasis was placed on those aspects of expert systems which addressed the types of problems encountered in emergency management operations. The report is designed for use as a resource document and as a tutorial on expert systems and emergency management. Each chapter consists of a brief topic essay followed by a set of references which expand on the main themes of the essay.
Date:
November 1986
Creator:
Gass, Saul I.; Bhasker, Suneel & Chapman, Robert E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Earthquake Engineering Experimental Facility Study: Phase One -- Large Scale Testing Needs
Abstract: This report summarizes information obtained during the first year of a four-year feasibility study for a national earthquake engineering experimental facility. A five-year research program is presented for a national facility in which full-scale or large-scale structures or structural components would be subjected to static or dynamic lateral loads. The facility would have applicability to tests in the following areas: low-rise buildings, medium-rise buildings, high-rise buildings, industrial processing facilities, and power facilities. Representatives from a broad spectrum of professional, industrial, and trade organizations and Federal agencies participated in developing the research program. A comparison of existing testing facilities in the U.S. and other countries engaged in seismic testing and a discussion of international cooperation in large-scale testing are included.
Date:
April 1987
Creator:
Scribner, Charles F. & Culver, Charles G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NBS-INA -- The Institute for Numerical Analysis -- UCLA 1947-1954
Abstract: This is the history of the Institute for Numerical Analysis (INA) with special emphasis in its research program during the period 1947 to 1956. The Institute for Numerical Analysis was located on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles. It was a section of the National Applied Mathematics Laboratories, which formed the Applied Mathematics Division of the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and technology), under the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Date:
August 1991
Creator:
Hestenes, Magnus Rudolph & Todd, John
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Free Radicals: 1985
Abstract: This publication contains papers presented at the Seventeenth International Symposium on Free Radicals, held at Snow Mountain Ranch in Granby, Colorado, on August 18-23, 1985. The Symposium was attended by 147 people, representing industry, government, and academia, from 18 countries. A total of 67 papers appear in written form in this document.
Date:
April 1986
Creator:
Evenson, Kenneth M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management Operations
Abstract: The First Symposium on The Theory and Application of Expert Systems in Emergency Management, held at the Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (April 24 and 25, 1985) was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and organized by the National Bureau of Standards' Operations Research Division. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together researchers in expert systems, artificial intelligence, and emergency operations in a forum to review the concepts of expert systems and the problems of emergency management, with the objective of determining how expert systems can be used to augment the experience of local, State and Federal emergency managers faced with the difficult tasks of determining the best response to an emergency situation. Speakers addressed the following areas: The theory and uncertainty aspects of expert systems, artificial intelligence's future role in emergency management, technology for building and using expert systems, emergency management decisions and information needs and uses, applications of expert systems in the management of chemical spills and shipboard and coal mine fires, and the role and use of simulation in emergency management expert systems.
Date:
November 1986
Creator:
Gass, Saul I. & Chapman, Robert E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bibliographies of Industrial Interest : Thermodynamic Measurements on the Systems CO₂-H₂O, CuCl₂-H₂0,H₂SO₄-H₂O, NH₃-H₂O, H₂S-H₂O, ZnCl₂-H₂Oand H₃PO₄-H₂O
Abstract: Contained herein are bibliographies of Sources of experimental and correlated thermodynamic data for seven binary aqueous mixtures of industrial importance, namely mixtures of CO2, H2S, NH3, H2S0, H3P4, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 with water. The categories of equilibrium data included in the bibliographies are activity and osmotic coefficients, equilibria in solution, enthalpies and heat capacity data, vapor-liquid equilibria, and phase equilibrium data.
Date:
September 1986
Creator:
Staples, B. R.; Garvin, D.; Smith-Magowan, D.; Jobe, T. L., Jr.; Jackson, C. R.; Wobbeking, T. F. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Bureau of Standards Research Reports: Summer 1986
Summary describing research projects and other activities undertaken by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, lists of publications from the year, and a calendar of upcoming events.
Date:
August 1987
Creator:
United States. National Bureau of Standards.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Bureau of Standards Research Reports: Spring 1987
Summary describing research projects and other activities undertaken by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, lists of publications from the year, and a calendar of upcoming events.
Date:
April 1987
Creator:
United States. National Bureau of Standards.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A User's Guide for RAPID, Reduction Algorithms for the Presentation of Incremental Fire Data
Abstract: The Voluminous amount of data than can be collected by automatic data acquisition systems during large scale fire tests requires the use of a digital computer for the reduction of data. RAPID is a stand-alone program specifically designed to convert raw instrument voltages collected during such tests into meaningful units. The reduced data can also be used alone or in combinations to obtain quantities that require more than minimal data reduction. The program is written with the ability to accept data from a user defined data acquisition system, with the ability to check the correctness of data included. Through the use of input data provided by the user, the data can be converted into meaningful scientific units. The data can then be presented in tabular or printer plot form, or stored for further processing. This user's guide provides detailed instructions for the use of the program.
Date:
August 1986
Creator:
Breese, J. Newton & Peacock, Richard D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooperative Research Opportunities at NBS
From page 5: Numerous opportunities exist for scientists and engineers from industrial professional trade and other organizations to collaborate in research at the National Bureau of Standards on projects of mutual interest. To accomplish its objective of supplying the measurement foundation for industry, science, and technology. NBS conducts research in many areas, including advanced ceramics, automated manufacturing, opto-electronics, and biotechnology.
Date:
1986
Creator:
United States. National Bureau of Standards.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Materials Information for Science & Technology (MIST): Project Overview
Abstract: This report documents the initial phases of the MIST database, which is a demonstration project jointly supported by the Department of Energy and the National Bureau of Standards. The purpose of the Materials Information for Science and Technology (MIST) is to demonstrate the power and utility of computer access to materials property data. The initial goals include: to exercise the concept of a computer network of materials databases and to build a demonstration of such a system in a way as to be suitable for use as the core of operational systems in the future. Phases I and II are described in detail. In addition, a discussion is given of the expected usage of the databases.
Date:
November 1986
Creator:
Grattidge, Walter; Westbrook, Jack; McCarthy, John; Northrup, Clyde, Jr. & Rumble, John R., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Government Certification Programs for Products and Services
Abstract: This directory presents information on 61 U.S. Government certification programs for products and services. Entries describe the scope and nature of each certification program, testing and inspection practices, standards used, methods of identification and enforcement, reciprocal recognition or acceptance of certification, and other relevant details. This directory is part of an ongoing NBS effort to establish and maintain a comprehensive database on standards, regulations, certification programs and related information. This material has bee. compiled to meet the needs of government, industry, and the public for information on U.S. Government certification programs in accordance with the requirements of the U.S. Trade Agreements Act of 1979.
Date:
April 1986
Creator:
Toth, Robert B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry
Abstract: Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis with gas proportional detectors has been used widely in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. It was particularly useful in the detection of low-energy x-ray emission, before the commercial availability of the Blodgett-Langmuir pseudocrystals. With the development of solid-state x-ray detectors of high resolution, and improvement in associated electronics and computers, the interest in energy-dispersive x-ray analysis has increased enormously, to the point where it has replaced Bragg crystal diffraction spectrometry in many instances.
Date:
March 1981
Creator:
Heinrich, Kurt F. J.; Newbury, Dale E.; Myklebust, R. L. & Fiori, C. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Standards Committee Activities of the National Bureau of Standards: 1980 Highlights
From abstract: This report summarizes NBS standards committee activities during calendar year 1980. It contains highlights of significant technical and individual contributions made by NBS staff, a description of NBS standards management and information activities, and a directory of standards committees on which NBS staff serve. (Supersedes NBS Special Publication 573 (March 1980)).
Date:
March 1980
Creator:
Debelius, JoAnne R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Criteria for the Installation of Energy Conservation Measures
From abstract: Standard installation practices were developed to assist in assuring the effectiveness and safety of energy conservation measures installed under the Residential Conservation Service (RCS). They serve as mandatory standards under RCS but are recommended guides for all installations of the covered materials and products. The criteria are being used by DoE to develop training manuals for installers, inspectors, and energy auditors.
Date:
July 1981
Creator:
Trechsel, Heinz R. & Launey, Shelia J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interactive FORTRAN Programs for Micro Computers to Calculate the Thermophysical Properties of Twelve Fluids (MIPROPS)
From abstract: The thermophysical and transport properties of selected fluids have been programmed in FORTRAN 77 which is available for micro computers. The input variables are any two of P, p, T (pressure, density, and temperature) in the single phase regions, and either P or T for the saturated liquid or vapor states. The output is pressure, density, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heat capacities (Cp and Cv), speed of sound and, in most cases, viscosity, thermal conductivity and dielectric constant.
Date:
May 1986
Creator:
McCarty, Robert D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and Error Analysis for the WR10 Thermal Noise Standard
From introduction: This note describes the design and error analysis of a WR10 thermal noise power standard. The standard is designed to operate at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen with a noise temperature accurate to plus or minus 1 K.
Date:
December 1983
Creator:
Daywitt, William C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of Near-Field Phased Arrays for Electromagnetic Susceptibility Testing
From introduction: The feasibility of using a near-field array for electromagnetic susceptibility testing is studied. The basic objective is to control the element weightings such that a plane wave is generated within the test volume. The basic theory is developed for arbitrary array geometries, and numerical results are obtained for finite planar arrays. A general near-field array synthesis technique is developed, and the technique minimizes the mean square error in the test volume while constraining the array excitations. The constraint prevents large excitations and is useful in minimizing the fields outside the test volume. The basic idea looks promising, but some practical considerations, such as bandwidth and angular scanning limitations, require further theoretical and experimental investigation.
Date:
February 1984
Creator:
Hill, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electromagnetic-Acoustic-Transducer/Synthetic-Aperture System for Thick-Weld Inspection
Abstract: This report describes a system based on electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs) as an approach to automated nondestructive evaluation of thick weldments (>25 mm). Good signal-to-noise ratios, often a problem with EMATs, were possibTe through careful design of the transducers and associated electronic circuits and the use of signal averaging. At 454 kHz, the transducers produce shear-horizontal waves of approximately 7-mm wavelength in steel. The long wavelength permits determination of through-thickness flaw depth from the amplitudes of scattered ultrasonic waves. A minicomputer controlled transducer positioning and acquired the digitized ultrasonic waveforms for synthetic aperture processing. The synthetic aperture technique further improved signal quality and yielded flaw localization through the weld thickness. Measurements on artificial flaws demonstrated a detectability threshold of 0.5 mm (through thickness) and sizing ability up to 2.5 mm, in agreement with theoretical predictions. Details include the design of the transducers and electronics, as well as the mechanical positioner, signal processing algorithms, and complete computer program listing.
Date:
1984
Creator:
Fortunko, C. M.; Schramm, R. E.; Moulder, J. C. & McColskey, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small Aperture Analysis of the Dual TEM Cell and an Investigation of Test Object Scattering in a Single TEM Cell
Introduction: Small aperture theory is used to investigate the dual TEM cell. Analyzing coupling through an empty versus a loaded aperture leads to a model of dual TEM cell shielding effectiveness measurements. Small obstacle scattering yields results for both the field perturbation and the change in a cell's transmission line characteristics due to the presence of a test object in a TEM cell. In each case, theoretical values are compared to experimental data.
Date:
1984
Creator:
Wilson, Perry F. & Ma, Mark T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transparent Metrology of Signal to Noise Ratios of Noisy Band-Limited Digital Signals
From abstract: I propose the use of a template method for quantitative, correct, and transparent measurement of signal power to additive noise power ratios (SNR) of digital signals and systems under full operating conditions. Outer guard chips of digital templates hold intersymbol interference fixed on inner target chips in realizations of the respective template patterns in traffic. The proposed template method needs to be developed and proven as a potentially valuable metrology capability; it can be especially important for real time online performance assessment and monitoring of digital communication systems.
Date:
June 1985
Creator:
Halford, Donald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Automated Measurement of Frequency Response of Frequency-Modulated Generators Using the Bessel Null Method
From abstract: This paper describes a Bessel null technique to measure the frequency response of a frequency-modulated rf carrier and a program to automate frequency response measurements of signal generators with output frequencies from 0.450 to 2000 MHz. The measurements obtained using this technique are more precise than those obtained by a highly trained technician using a manual system.
Date:
March 1986
Creator:
Major, J. R.; Livingston, E. M. & Adair, Robert T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Statistical Characterization of Electroexplosive Devices Relevant to Electromagnetic Compatibility Assessment
Abstract: Electroexplosive devices (EEDs) are electrically fired explosive initiators used in a wide variety of applications. The nature of most of these applications requires that the devices function with near certainty when required and remain inactive otherwise. Recent concern with pulsed electromagnetic interference (EMI) and nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) made apparent the lack of methodology for assessing EED vulnerability. A new and rigorous approach for characterizing EED firing levels is developed in the context of statistical linear models and is demonstrated in this paper. We combine statistical theory and methodology with thermodynamic modeling to determine the probability that an EED, of a particular type, fires when excited by a pulse of a given width and amplitude. The results can be applied to any type of EED for which the hot-wire explosive binder does not melt below the firing temperature. Included are methods.for assessing model validity and for obtaining probability plots, called "Firing Likelihood Plots". A method of measuring the thermal time constant of an EED is given. This parameter is necessary to evaluate the effect of a train of pulses. These statistical methods are both more general and more efficient than previous methods for EED assessment. The results provide information …
Date:
May 1986
Creator:
Friday, Dennis S. & Adams, John W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Study of Techniques for Measuring the Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Materials
Abstract: Shielding effectiveness relates to a material's ability to reduce the transmission of propagating fields in order to electromagnetically isolate one region from another. Because a complex material's shielding capability is difficult to predict, it often must be measured. A number of measurement approaches are studied including the use of a shielded room, coaxial transmission line holders, time domain signals, the dual TEM cell, and an apertured TEM cell in a reverberation chamber. In each case, we consider the system's frequency range, test sample requirements, test field type, dynamic range, time required, analytical background, and present data taken on a common set of materials.
Date:
May 1986
Creator:
Wilson, Perry F. & Ma, Mark T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library