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Winter Fuels Report
14
LLE Review Quarterly Report
11
Fiscal Year 1994
10
Field Study of Disposed Solid Wastes From Advanced Coal Processes Progress Report
9
Fiscal Year 1995
9
Fiscal Year 2000
8
Fiscal Year 2005
7
Science & Technology Review
7
Chemical Processing Department Monthly Report
6
Fiscal Year 1998
6
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Storage of LWR (light-water-reactor) spent fuel in air
An experimental program is being conducted at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to determine the oxidation response of light-water-reactor (LWR) spent fuels under conditions appropriate to fuel storage in air. The program is designed to investigate several independent variables that might affect the oxidation behavior of spent fuel. Included are temperature (135 to 230{degree}C), fuel burnup (to about 34 MWd/kgM), reactor type (pressurized and boiling water reactors), moisture level in the air, and the presence of a high gamma field. In continuing tests with declad spent fuel and nonirradiated UO{sub 2} specimens, oxidation rates were monitored by weight-gain measurements and the microstructures of subsamples taken during the weighing intervals were characterized by several analytical methods. The oxidation behavior indicated by weight gain and time to form powder will be reported in Volume III of this series. The characterization results obtained from x-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Auger electron spectrometry of oxidized fuel samples are presented in this report. 28 refs., 21 figs., 3 tabs.
Date:
December 1, 1989
Creator:
Thomas, L. E.; Charlot, L. A.; Coleman, J. E. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA)) & Knoll, R. W. (Johnson Controls, Inc., Madison, WI (USA))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Further evidence for the T/sup -/1/2 singularity in amorphous Kondo alloys. [Ni-Pd-P alloys containing up to 7 at. percent Mn]
A T/sup -1/2/ variation of resistivity with temperature near T = 0 is found in rapidly quenched amorphous Ni--Pd--P alloys containing up to at.percent Mn, providing further evidence for the existence of this new singularity. It is argued that the new resistivity term arises from interference between multiple scattering of conduction electrons by atoms in magnetic and nonmagnetic states and is observed as a consequence of a short electron mean free path and breakdown of conservation of electron momenta in amorphous alloys. (auth)
Date:
December 1975
Creator:
Hasegawa, Ryusuke
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal technology program. Progress report, October 1976
In the hydrocarbonization/residue carbonization work, run HC-8 was completed with the 20-atm bench-scale hydrocarbonizer in a recirculating fluidized bed mode. Runs RC-15 and RC-16 in the 1-atm residue carbonizer showed very encouraging results--it appears that the system may be sufficiently operable for material balance experiments to begin. In engineering support of in-situ gasification, a two-dimensional pyrolysis gas production mechanism assumed to explain data obtained with as-received coal samples, has been verified by utilizing specimens which were dried at 125/sup 0/C under vacuum prior to pyrolysis. Water tests to evaluate nucleation characteristics of a gas-fired potassium boiler were continued, as well as the design and fabrication of components that will be needed when tests begin with potassium. Work was begun on a fluidized-bed, coal-fired, alkali-metal-vapor, topping cycle project by compiling data on the properties of potassium and cesium and beginning furnace-boiler design studies. Two preliminary reports were completed for ERDA/FE review that summarized the status of conceptual design studies relating to a Critical Components Test Facility. In engineering studies and technical support, work was continued in process modeling and on the Process Research Digest. A project to survey industrial equipment capabilities was initiated. A preliminary draft of suggested generic environmental requirements …
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary measurements of the thermal conductivity of rocks from LASL geothermal test holes GT-1 and GT-2
The conductivities on a number of dry rocks have been measured in an air environment. These experimental values are probably about 10 percent lower than the in situ values. Initial attempts to prepare ''wet'' rock samples (rocks saturated with water) have so far resulted in only ''damp'' rocks. Considerable effort will be required to characterize the crack system in ''solid'' rocks and to predict the probable conductivity values for in situ conditions.
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Sibbitt, W. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dissolution rates of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ and /sup 239/PuO/sub 2/ in 1M perchloric acid
The dissolution rate of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ and /sup 239/PuO/sub 2/ in 1M HClO/sub 4/ was measured over a period of 200 days. When equal (150-..mu..g/l) masses of the oxides were compared, /sup 238/Pu was found to be released approximately five times faster than /sup 239/Pu. At the 10-..mu..Ci/ml activity level, /sup 238/Pu was released 100 times faster than /sup 239/Pu. The difference in dissolution rates is attributed to the difference in alpha particle specific activity of the two materials which causes significantly greater radiation damage in /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ than in /sup 239/PuO/sub 2/. The rate difference also may be affected by particle size and total oxide mass in the dissolution system. The results of these studies agree with data from earlier investigations in distilled water and simulated body fluid solvents.
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
Matlack, G. M.; Patterson, J. H.; Nelson, G. B. & Waterbury, G. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimation of aerosol plutonium transport by the dust-flux method: a perspective on application of detailed data
Two methods of dust-flux measurements are discussed which have been utilized to estimate aerosol plutonium deposition and resuspension. In previous studies the methods were found to be sufficiently detailed to permit parameterization of dust-flux to the erodibility of the soil, and a seventh-power dependency of dust-flux (or plutonium flux) to wind speed was observed in worst case conditions. The eddy-correlation method is technically more difficult, requires high-speed data acquisition, and requires an instrument response time better than one second, but the eddy-correlation method has been shown feasible with new fast-response sensors, and it is more useful in limited areas because it can be used as a probe. The flux-gradient method is limited by critical assumptions and is more bulky, but the method is more commonly used and accepted. The best approach is to use both methods simultaneously. It is suggested that several questions should be investigated by the methods, such as saltation stimulation of dust-flux, simultaneous suspension and deposition, foliar deposition and trapping, erodibility of crusted surfaces, and horizontally heterogeneous erodibility.
Date:
December 10, 1976
Creator:
Shinn, Joseph H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-/sup 240/Pu sector experiments in ZPPR assembly 4
The complete high-/sup 240/Pu fuel experiment in ZPPR assembly 4 is reviewed. Results of criticality, enrichment, small-sample perturbation, sodium void, /sup 238/U Doppler, control rod substitution and reaction rate measurements are presented. Comparison of these measured values with calculated results are included where possible. The relationship between the ZPPR high-/sup 240/Pu fuel experiments and the results obtained in previous critical experience is considered.
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
McFarlane, H F & Beck, C L
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The project to design and develop an energy-related program for public housing residents: Final report
This demonstration project studied how to minimize the costs associated with public housing tenants in standard public housing as well as under homeownership transfers. A related problem was how to graduate the tenants to another level of responsibility and self-sufficiency through resident business developments and training in energy-related fields. The goal that emanated was the design and development of an energy-related demonstration program that educates public housing residents, facilities indigenous business development where appropriate, and trains residents to provide needed services.
Date:
December 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis and characterization of metal--metal bonded dimers of tantalum and tungsten
A search for innovative synthetic routes to new metal-metal bonded metal-halide clusters resulted in isolation of two completely independent dimeric species. The syntheses and characterizations of Ta/sub 2/X/sub 6/(SC/sub 4/H/sub 8/)/sub 3/ (X = Cl, Br) and ((n-C/sub 3/H/sub 7/)/sub 4/N)/sub 2/(W/sub 2/Br/sub 9/) followed entirely different experimental routes, yet occasionally similar properties linked the two projects. (auth)
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Templeton, J. L.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Large scale production task of the Low Cost Silicon Solar Array Project. Final report
2000 solar power modules capable of producing over 10 kW of peak power were delivered by Spectrolab, Inc., during the period March to October 1976. These modules were comprised of twenty 2-inch diameter silicon solar cells embedded in a silicone elastomeric potting compound on an aluminum T beam extrusion with a glass cover plate and were typical of standard commercial products being manufactured during that time period. These modules have good structural and thermal dissipation characteristics, but difficulties were encountered with respect to delamination of the encapsulant material, low electrical breakdown resistance and humidity sensitivity. The extensive environmental test program and subsequent analytical analysis of results has provided a great deal of new knowledge of the module design. It has shown there were many limitations with this particular commercial module which were not known at the start of the program and should provide a good basis for developing an improved module in the future. Design modifications that have been recommended to improve reliability and reduce cost, include the elimination of metal substrate, replacement of silicone with a more suitable encapsulant, larger module size and use of series-parallel circuit configurations.
Date:
December 29, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of proton radiography to medical imaging
The use of charged particles for radiographic applications has been considered for some time, but progress has been impeded by the cost and availability of suitable accelerators. However, recent developments in technology could overcome these problems. A review is presented of the physical principles leading to an improvement in mass resolution per unit of absorbed dose for charged particle radiography relative to x-ray radiography. The quantitative comparisons between x-ray and proton radiographs presented here confirm this advantage. The implications of proton radiography on cancer detection, as well as future plans for developing a proton tomographic system, are discussed.
Date:
December 1, 1977
Creator:
Kramer, S. L.; Martin, R. L.; Moffett, D. R. & Colton, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annual report for FY 1976 on project AN0115A: the migration of plutonium and americium in the lithosphere
Studies have been carried out on the migration of plutonium and americium in solutions flowing through porous and crushed rock and through fissures. The migration process can be described in terms of the surface absorption of these elements. In addition, chemical effects on the absorption have been observed. One of these effects is possibly due to the presence of a plutonium polymer that migrates at a more rapid rate than normal plutonium.
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
Fried, S; Friedman, A M; Hines, J J; Atcher, R W; Quarterman, L A & Volesky, A
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of the auxiliaries for lead--acid battery systems for peaking power. Final report for the period ending October 1976
None
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multichannel wave interferometry
The analysis of multichannel wave interferometry for a variety of density profiles reveals that the phase shift as a function of horn position normalized to that through the center of the plasma, is relatively insensitive to K = n/sub o//n/sub c/ (the ratio of maximum density to cutoff density) when refraction effects are minimized. Thus, this ratio may be easily inverted to obtain a reasonably accurate measurement of the density profile even for values of K approaching 1.
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Hosea, J. C. & Jobes, F. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, July--September 1975
Twenty-one coal samples have been collected and characterized. Sixty coals have been provided to other agencies at their request. The capability of controlling coal characteristics during preparation is being developed: large variations in volatile content occur within a given raw coal but, by controlling the preparation, a uniform product with the devised specifications can be produced. Studies have begun on the suitability of various coals and cokes for use in pressurized fixed bed gasifiers. Preliminary studies are being carried out on the feasibility of applying small angle x-ray scattering to the characterization of coal chars. Reactivity profiles and parameters for chars in air are markedly dependent upon the gaseous flow system used, indicating that char reactivity is determined by partial pressure of the reacting gas. Reactivities have been maximized by keeping the heat treatment temperature as low as possible, and allowing no soak time. The minerals kaolinite, dolomite, siderite, calcite, and pyrite are found not to be catalysts for the char-air reaction at 550/sup 0/C. The addition of coal to an oil-water-air emulsion considerably increases the heat flux from the flame to the water tubes during combustion. (auth)
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal plasticity at high heating rates and temperatures
The rapid-heating, fast response plastometer has been reassembled and restored to its working condition. The plastometer was calibrated with various viscosity standards. The ratio of the observed viscosity to the actual viscosity was found to range from 1.2 to 2.8. The higher observed viscosity values were attributed to friction and misalignment of the shearing disk. In addition, the viscosity readings varied from one run to another because the distance between the moving disk and the stationary plate could not be maintained constant. Use of a low friction bearing for the shearing disk's shaft and the cone-and-plate configuration have been suggested as remedies to these problems.
Date:
December 1, 1990
Creator:
Gerjarusak, S.; Peters, W. A & Howard, J. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of the manufacturing costs of lead--acid batteries for peaking power. Final report for the period ending Oct. 1976
A detailed study was made of a postulated 1000-MWh per year lead--acid battery business dedicated to supplying a single design of 40-MWh peaking power batteries to electric utilities. State-of-the-art industrial technology is assumed, but the manufacturing facility and business organization is tailored to the one product. Analysis of the product costs and business expenses associated with such an operation indicates that substantially lower selling prices can be realized as compared with normal industrial battery pricing. Under the low-risk conditions assumed, the selling price would be $36.90/kWh at the 4-h rate. Advanced technology would reduce the cost to $31.62/kWh. 21 figures, 31 tables. (RWR)
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor operation environmental information document
The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a large United States Department of Energy installation on the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina. The SRS contains diverse habitats, flora, and fauna. Habitats include upland terrestrial areas, varied wetlands including Carolina Bays, the Savannah River swamp system, and impoundment related and riparian wetlands, and the aquatic habitats of several stream systems, two large cooling reservoirs, and the Savannah River. These diverse habitats support a large variety of plants and animals including many commercially or recreational valuable species and several rare, threatened or endangered species. This volume describes the major habitats and their biota found on the SRS, and discuss the impacts of continued operation of the K, L, and P production reactors.
Date:
December 1, 1989
Creator:
Wike, L. D.; Specht, W. L.; Mackey, H. E.; Paller, M. H.; Wilde, E. W. & Dicks, A. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Motor gasoline desulfurization study. Volume 2
None
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactivity and reaction rate measurements in U--D/sub 2/O lattices with coaxial fuel
Integral reaction rate parameters, intracell thermal neutron flux profiles, and material bucklings were measured for D/sub 2/O-moderated uniform lattices in the exponential facility at the Savannah River Laboratory. Two different slightly enriched coaxial uranium fuel assemblies were examined over a wide range of triangular lattice pitches. Integral parameters are reported for inner and outer fuel separately providing data for a more detailed and rigorous comparison with computation than has been previously available. Results are compared with RAHAB calculations using ENDF/B-IV cross sections. Large discrepancies in agreement between calculation and experiment, outside of experimental errors and uncertainties in the input cross sections, probably result from the resonance capture models used by RAHAB.
Date:
December 1, 1976
Creator:
Pellarin, D. J. & Morris, B. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Facies of ion bombarded surfaces of brittle materials. [Protons, deuterons, He ions]
Materials were bombarded by protons, deuterons, and helium ions. The materials investigated were quartz; glasses; carbides and borides (SiC, B/sub 4/C, TiB/sub 2/); oxides and nitrides (magnorite, sapphire, spinel, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, ZrO/sub 2/, BaTiO/sub 3/); and miscellaneous (graphite, LiNbO/sub 3/, copper). Oberservations were of growth, reflectivity, blistering, surface ablation, and swelling. Calculations were made of the effects of a layer, of its gradual transformation, and of the introduction of a gas. It is concluded that: Radiation blistering is not a primary process. Observations of blister formation and exfoliation cannot be used to calculate the surface ablation rate. The primary process is the development of a microporous layer which causes swelling. Visible blisters are caused by fracturing by transverse stresses in this layer and may occur during the bombardment, or in some cases, much later, in storage. There is no evidence of extreme gas pressures in the blisters. When blisters develop, they may be stable under continued bombardment for a dose many times that at which they formed. The swelling is a better index of the effects than is the blistering, and must be associated in most cases with permeability to the gas. Behavior with protons and …
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Primak, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heat-treatment, microstructure and mechanical properties of experimental high strength Fe--4Cr--0. 4C steels
The treatments involve high temperature (1100/sup 0/C) austenitizing during the first solution treatment followed by either interrupted quenching (Ms-Mf range) or isothermal transformation to produce lower bainite. Finally, the steels are given a 900/sup 0/C grain refinement treatment. Lower bainite was obtained by isothermally transforming austenite just above the Ms temperature. Tempering after the martensitic and bainitic treatments was also done in an attempt to improve the toughness of the material. The strength and toughness properties of as-quenched martensitic structures are somewhat superior while these properties of lower bainitic structures are comparable to those of a plain 0.4C steel. The properties of the nearly 100 percent bainite structure were unaffected by the cooling rate from the transformation temperature. Elimination of intergranular cracking produced toughness properties in quenched and tempered martensites which are far superior to those of lower bainite at the same strength level. It has also been shown that the toughness properties of as-quenched double-treated steels are superior to single treated steels. The chromium appeared to have a strong influence on the nature and morphology of carbides, as the bainitic as well as the martensitic structures showed marked temper resistance in the tempering range 200 to 500/sup 0/C.
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Narasimha Rao, B. V.; Miller, R. W. & Thomas, G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Decay of /sup 99/Mo
Relative intensities for K x-rays and gamma rays emanating from /sup 99/Mo in equilibrium with its /sup 99/Tc* daughter have been measured using several Ge photon detectors. Combining these intensities with an evaluated set of electron-conversion coefficients has provided a set of absolute intensities for the observed gamma rays. The absolute intensity for the dominant 140.5-keV gamma ray in /sup 99/Tc was determined to be 90.7 +- 0.6/100 /sup 99/Mo disintegrations for /sup 99/Mo decay in equilibrium with decay of the /sup 99/Tc* daughter.
Date:
December 14, 1976
Creator:
Dickens, J. K. & Love, T. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron spectra from 647- and 800-MeV proton bombardment of hydrogen and deuterium. [Cross sections]
Zero degree neutron spectra for the inclusive reactions p(p,n) and d(p,n) were obtained. Spectra were obtained for bombarding proton kinetic energies of 647 and 800 MeV. The strongly peaked p(p,n) spectra are well explained via the p(p,n)p..pi../sup +/ reaction primarily through the production of the N*/sub 33/(..delta../sup + +/) resonance. However, there is evidence for n-p final state interactions as well. Calculations have shown the roles of the N*/sub 33/ resonance and the n-p final state interactions in these p(p,n) spectra. The d(p,n) spectra exhibit a strong quasi-elastic charge exchange peak influenced by the final state p-p interaction in the reaction d(p,n)2p. The d(p,n) spectra also show a broad bump at lower neutron momenta qualitatively similar to the p(p,n) spectra. The d(p,n) spectra at lower momenta are nearly explained by nucleon-nucleon single pion production via the N*/sub 33/ resonance but it appears that higher order contributions involving nucleon--nucleon and nucleon--pion interactions are required as well. The d(p,n)2p reaction provides an intense, nearly monoenergetic neutron beam for use as a probe, primarily of the n-p interaction, at medium energies. The d(p,n) and p(p,n) measurements provide zero degree neutron momentum distributions which are very useful in furthering the knowledge about pion production …
Date:
December 1, 1975
Creator:
Bjork, C. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library