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Management of radioactive waste gases from the nuclear fuel cycle. Volume I. Comparison of alternatives
Alternatives were compared for collection and fixation of radioactive waste gases released during normal operation of the nuclear fuel cycle, and for transportation and storage/disposal of the resulting waste forms. The study used a numerical rating scheme to evaluate and compare the alternatives for krypton-85, iodine-129, and carbon-14; whereas a subjective evaluation, based on published reports and engineering judgement, was made for transportation and storage/disposal options. Based on these evaluations, certain alternatives are recommended for an integrated scheme for waste management of each of the subject waste gases. Phase II of this project, which is concerned with the development of performance criteria for the waste forms associated with the subject gases, will be completed by the end of 1980. This work will be documented as Volume II of this report.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Evans, A. G.; Prout, W. E.; Buckner, J. T. & Buckner, M. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal ground water in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada
The study area occupies about 14,500 square miles in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada. Thermal ground water occurs under artesian conditions, in discontinuous or compartmented zones, in igneous or sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age. Ground-water movement is generally northward. Temperatures of the ground water range from about 30/sup 0/ to more than 80/sup 0/C. Chemical analyses of water from 12 wells and 9 springs indicate that nonthermal waters are a calcium bicarbonate type; thermal waters are a sodium bicarbonate type. Chemical geothermometers indicate probable maximum reservoir temperatures are near 100/sup 0/C. Concentration of tritium in the thermal water water is near zero.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Young, H. W. & Lewis, R. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photoelectron photoion molecular beam spectroscopy
The use of supersonic molecular beams in photoionization mass spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy to assist in the understanding of photoexcitation in the vacuum ultraviolet is described. Rotational relaxation and condensation due to supersonic expansion were shown to offer new possibilities for molecular photoionization studies. Molecular beam photoionization mass spectroscopy has been extended above 21 eV photon energy by the use of Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) facilities. Design considerations are discussed that have advanced the state-of-the-art in high resolution vuv photoelectron spectroscopy. To extend gas-phase studies to 160 eV photon energy, a windowless vuv-xuv beam line design is proposed.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Trevor, D.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Safeguards Material Control and Accounting Program. Quarterly report, April-June 1980
This report summarizes the April-June 1980 activities of the Safeguards Material and Accounting Program sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Progress is described on the application and further development of computer-based methodologies for assessing the vulnerabilities of MC and A systems in nuclear fuel-cycle facilities. The application effort involved an assessment of a scrap processing facility with the Structured Assessment Approach (SAA) methodology. The development effort concentrated on making the SAA more user-oriented. Work continued in providing technical analyses to assist the NRC in its development of the forthcoming MC and A upgrade rule. The technical analyses have involved value-impact studies on the draft MC and A upgrade rule using the LLNL Aggregrated Systems Model; specifically, progress has been made on the development of five MC and A performance measures. Other work has included the development of four protection principles for protecting MC and A data from falsification. We also describe progress in analyzing the actual and potential value of an NRC interfacility material accounting system for detecting data falsification.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Poggio, A. J. & Dunn, D. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Self-mixing phenomenology in hypothetical core-disruptive accidents
Physical processes are investigated that lead to the thermal equilibration of a disrupted liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) core following a hypothetical core-disruptive accident (HCDA). Their impact is assessed, particularly as relating to the SIMMER code. The turbulent structure in the core region is characterized and bounding estimates are derived of thermal equilibration (''self-mixing'') times. The implication of these results for LMFBR safety research is discussed briefly.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Chapyak, E.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Quality-assurance study of the special - purpose finite-element program - SPECTROM: I. Thermal, thermoelastic, and viscoelastic problems. [Comparison with MARC-CDC]
This comparison study involves a preliminary verification of finite element calculations. The methodology of the comparison study consists of solving four example problems with both the SPECTROM finite element program and the MARC-CDC general purpose finite element program. The results show close agreement for all example problems.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Wagner, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-temperature gas-cooled reactor safety studies for the Division of Reactor Safety Research. Quarterly progress report, April 1-June 30, 1980
Development of the new steam turbine plant model ORTURB was completed. Further development, implementation, and verification work was done on the BLAST steam generator code.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Ball, S J; Cleveland, J C; Harrington, R M & Conklin, J C
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Approaches to acceptable risk: a critical guide
Acceptable-risk decisions are an essential step in the management of technological hazards. In many situations, they constitute the weak (or missing) link in the management process. The absence of an adequate decision-making methodology often produces indecision, inconsistency, and dissatisfaction. The result is neither good for hazard management nor good for society. This report offers a critical analysis of the viability of various approaches as guides to acceptable-risk decisions. This report seeks to define acceptable-risk decisions and to examine some frequently proposed, but inappropriate, solutions. 255 refs., 22 figs., 25 tabs.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Fischhoff, B.; Lichtenstein, S.; Slovic, P.; Keeney, R. & Derby, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Residential wood-combustion-equipment standards and testing workshop
Explored are concerns related to proper safety, acceptable practices, and consumer protection as related to woodburning. Issues relating to safety and efficiency testing are discussed and the implications of these programs for the manufacturer, dealer and distributor are related. Also, consumer related problems regarding truth in advertising, product safety, building codes and standards, and insurance implications are dealt with. (LEW)
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Washington State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management
The Washington State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Washington. The profile is the result of a survey of NRC licensees in Washington. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in Washington.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Industrial energy-efficiency-improvement program
Progress made by industry toward attaining the voluntary 1980 energy efficiency improvement targets is reported. The mandatory reporting population has been expanded from ten original industries to include ten additional non-targeted industries and all corporations using over one trillion Btu's annually in any manufacturing industry. The ten most energy intensive industries have been involved in the reporting program since the signing of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act and as industrial energy efficiency improvement overview, based primarily on information from these industries (chemicals and allied products; primary metal industry; petroleum and coal products; stone, clay, and glass products; paper and allied products; food and kindred products; fabricated metal products; transportation equipment; machinery, except electrical; and textile mill products), is presented. Reports from industries, now required to report, are included for rubber and miscellaneous plastics; electrical and electronic equipment; lumber and wood; and tobacco products. Additional data from voluntary submissions are included for American Gas Association; American Hotel and Motel Association; General Telephone and Electronics Corporation; and American Telephone and Telegraph Company. (MCW)
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemistry of thermal waters and mineralogy of the new deposits at Mount St. Helens: a preliminary report
After May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, interactions between the hot deposits and shallow ground water produced ephemeral phreatic eruptions and thermal ponds and streams. In early June water and sediment samples were collected from about 20 sites in the devastated zone to study the initial alteration of the new deposits, and the effects of the eruption on water chemistry. The levels of certain trace elements in thermal waters, and whether these mineralized waters were reaching the North Fork Toutle River in appreciable quantities were studied. Collection and analysis procedures, the mineralogy of the new deposits, and the chemistry of the thermal waters are discussed. Finally, the chemistry of water from different deposits is compared, alteration reactions suggested by the water chemistry, and the mineralogy of the deposits is discussed.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Dethier, D.P.; Frank, D. & Peavear, D.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Market analysis of shale oil co-products. Summary report
This study examines the potential for separating, upgrading and marketing sodium mineral co-products together with shale oil production. The co-products investigated are soda ash and alumina which are derived from the minerals nahcolite and dawsonite. Five cases were selected to reflect the variance in mineral and shale oil content in the identified resource. In the five cases examined, oil content of the shale was varied from 20 to 30 gallons per ton. Two sizes of facilities were analyzed for each resource case to determine economies of scale between a 15,000 barrel per day demonstration unit and a 50,000 barrel per day full sized plant. Three separate pieces of analysis were conducted in this study: analysis of manufacturing costs for shale oil and co-products; projection of potential world markets for alumina, soda ash, and nahcolite; and determination of economic viability and market potential for shale co-products.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ultrasonic and acoustic emission results from the Stripa heater experiments. Part I. Cross-hole investigation of a rock mass subjected to heating. Part II. Acoustic emission monitoring during cool-down of the Stripa heater experiment
A cross-hole high-frequency acoustic investigation of a granitic rock mass subjected to sustained heating is reported. Compressional and shear-wave velocity measurements along four different paths between four vertical boreholes were made prior to turning on the heater, during 398 days of heating, and after the heater was turned off. These measurements correlated well with the presence of fracture zones, in which the fractures were closed by thermal expansion of the rock upon heating. When the rock mass cooled, the velocity measurements indicated a greater intensity of fracturing than had existed before heating. Laboratory compressional and shear-wave velocity measurements were also made on intact rock specimens obtained from the site and subjected to axial stress. When used to interpret the increases in velocities measured in the field upon heating the rock mass, these measurements implied increases in horizontal normal stresses to between 30 and 40 MPa. Increases in these magnitudes agree with stress measurements made by the other techniques. The ratio of measured compressional to shear-wave velocity appears to provide a sensitive measure of the fraction of crack porosity containing water or gas.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Paulsson, B.N.P.; King, M.S. & Rachiele, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stimulation rationale for shale gas wells: a state-of-the-art report
Despite the large quantities of gas contained in the Devonian Shales, only a small percentage can be produced commercially by current production methods. This limited production derives both from the unique reservoir properties of the Devonian Shales and the lack of stimulation technologies specifically designed for a shale reservoir. Since October 1978 Science Applications, Inc. has been conducting a review and evaluation of various shale well stimulation techniques with the objective of defining a rationale for selecting certain treatments given certain reservoir conditions. Although this review and evaluation is ongoing and much more data will be required before a definitive rationale can be presented, the studies to date do allow for many preliminary observations and recommendations. For the hydraulic type treatments the use of low-residual-fluid treatments is highly recommended. The excellent shale well production which is frequently observed with only moderate wellbore enlargement treatments indicates that attempts to extend fractures to greater distances with massive hydraulic treatments are not warranted. Immediate research efforts should be concentrated upon limiting production damage by fracturing fluids retained in the formation, and upon improving proppant transport and placement so as to maximize fracture conductivity. Recent laboratory, numerical modeling and field studies all indicate that …
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Young, C.; Barbour, T. & Blanton, T. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Market analysis of shale oil co-products. Appendices
Data are presented in these appendices on the marketing and economic potential for soda ash, aluminia, and nahcolite as by-products of shale oil production. Appendices 1 and 2 contain data on the estimated capital and operating cost of an oil shales/mineral co-products recovery facility. Appendix 3 contains the marketing research data.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oregon State Briefing Book for low-level radioactive waste management
The Oregon State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in Oregon. The profile is a result of a survey of NRC licensees in Oregon. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in Oregon.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Photograph 2012.201.B0053.0588]
Photograph taken for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Amcare workers assist Robert Bachtel who was injured when his northbound cement truck ran off the Broadway Extension in Oklahoma City and overturned at the NW 50 exit at about 3:30 p.m. Monday."
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Buehner, Jeff
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Photograph 2012.201.B0053.0587]
Photograph taken for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Traffic creeps past an accident site at I-40 and Byers where a truck carrying oil field explosives crashed into an embankment after a blasting device exploded in the truck bed at 9:20 a.m."
Date:
December 21, 1980
Creator:
Longstreath, David
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Photograph 2012.201.B0118.0056]
Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Sheriff Burris blocks an attempt by a photographer to take a picture of Roger Dale Hayes"
Date:
December 21, 1980
Creator:
Grier, Bob
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Photograph 2012.201.B0103.0308]
Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Verda Brakey has a weakness for clothes."
Date:
December 21, 1980
Creator:
Southerland, Paul
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
[Photograph 2012.201.B0120.0500]
Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "The champion roping team of Leo Camrillo (right) and Tee Woolman wave to the crowd from the back of the pickup they won."
Date:
December 13, 1980
Creator:
McDaniel, David
Object Type:
Photograph
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Fast Critical Assembly Safeguards: NDA Methods for Highly Enriched Uranium. Summary Report, October 1978 - September 1979, Volume 3
Nondestructive assay (NDA) methods, principally passive gamma measurements and active neutron interrogation, have been studied for their safeguards effectiveness and programmatic impact as tools for making inventories of highly enriched uranium fast critical assembly fuel plates. It was concluded that no NDA method is the sole answer to the safeguards problem, that each of those emphasized here has its place in an integrated safeguards system, and that each has minimum facility impact.
Date:
December 1980
Creator:
Bellinger, F. O. & Winslow, G. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Post-Test Examinations of Li-Al/FeSx Secondary Cells
Post-test examinations were conducted to determine failure mechanisms, electrode morphologies, and in-cell corrosion of cell components, and to recommend appropriate design changes for improved cell performance and reliability. The reactive electrode materials required the design and construction of a special metallographic glovebox facility. Combinations of macro- and microscopic examinations determined that electrical short circuits were the predominant causes of cell failure. The major short circuit mechanism was extrusion of active material from one electrode and its subsequent contact with the opposing electrode (opposite polarity). Other mechanisms for short circuits included metallic deposits across separators, metallic deposits across the feed-through insulator (electrolyte leakage and corrosion), equipment malfunctions, cell assembly difficulties, etc. Post-test examinations confirmed that the short circuits were of mechanical origin; appropriate design changes were, therefore, recommended. Extensive microscopic examinations were conducted on both negative and positive electrodes to determine the morphology. Agglomeration of Li-Al was observed in the negative electrodes of most multi-plate cells. Examinations showed that the sulfides in the positive electrode remained as discrete particles in an electrolyte matrix. Also discussed are the results of post-test examinations to determine the following: lithium gradients in the negative electrodes, electrode expansion, materials distribution, copper deposition within electrode separators of …
Date:
December 1980
Creator:
Battles, J. E.; Mrazek, F. C. & Otto, N. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library