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Enhanced oil recovery by CO/sub 2/ foam flooding. Annual report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983
The objective is to identify commercially available additives which are effective in reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide, CO/sub 2/, thereby improving its efficiency in the recovery of tertiary oil, and which are low enough in cost to be economically attractive. During the past year significant progress has been made in developing a commercial method of reducing the mobility of carbon dioxide in enhanced oil recovery processes. Four basic chemical structures, listed below, appear to show most promise for gas mobility control: (1) ethoxylated adducts of C/sub 8/ - C/sub 14/ linear alcohols; (2) sulfate esters of ethoxylated C/sub 9/ - C/sub 16/ linear alcohols; (3) low molecular weight co-polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and (4) synthetic organic sulfonates. With the exception of the sulfonates, the above types are compatible with normal oil field brines, unaffected by the presence of crude oil and stable under conditions common in a petroleum reservoir. The second significant result during the year involves identification of several sulfonate structures that have high potential for mobility control for carbon dioxide. Commercial sulfonate additives are available that appear optimum for reservoirs where freshwater will be used to inject the surfactant solution. They can also be …
Date:
December 22, 1983
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comprehensive energy-management program. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal absorber. Annual report, September 1, 1980-December 31, 1981
Research work was done during the reporting period on the two-part research program: (A) to improve energy conservation through increased unit and system efficiencies, energy management, and system optimization, and (B) to develop a novel, low-cost hybrid photovoltaic/thermal absorber. Performance tests were conducted on all the boilers and chillers on campus. Several corrective measures were indicated and implemented. A detailed survey of energy use by functions and consumption/demand study has been in progress. A preliminary computer simulation model of the entire campus has been developed and made operational. It has been demonstrated both analytically and experimentally that the reradiation losses from the absorber can be reduced significantly by utilizing a light-pipe absorber. Two paraboloidal dishes, one of 6 ft diameter and the other of 20 ft diameter have been utilized. Collector efficiencies have been measured at coolant outlet temperatures up to 282/sup 0/C with a square light-pipe absorber and with 6 ft diameter concentrator. Laser ray testing was conducted on both the 6 ft and 20 ft diameter concentrators. Design of the total energy absorber has been completed.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kumar, G. N.; Sellers, J. P. & Dybczak, Z. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computer simulation of coal preparation plants. Part 2. User's manual. Final report
This report describes a comprehensive computer program that allows the user to simulate the performance of realistic coal preparation plants. The program is very flexible in the sense that it can accommodate any particular plant configuration that may be of interest. This allows the user to compare the performance of different plant configurations and to determine the impact of various modes of operation with the same configuration. In addition, the program can be used to assess the degree of cleaning obtained with different coal feeds for a given plant configuration and a given mode of operation. Use of the simulator requires that the user specify the appearance of the plant configuration, the plant operating conditions, and a description of the coal feed. The simulator will then determine the flowrates within the plant, and a description of each flowrate (i.e., the weight distribution, percent ash, pyritic sulfur and total sulfur, moisture, and Btu content). The simulation program has been written in modular form using the Fortran language. It can be implemented on a great many different types of computers, ranging from large scientific mainframes to IBM-type personal computers with a fixed disk. Some customization may be required, however, to ensure compatibility …
Date:
December 1, 1985
Creator:
Gottfried, B. S. & Tierney, J. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Management of radioactive waste gases from the nuclear fuel cycle. Volume I. Comparison of alternatives
Alternatives were compared for collection and fixation of radioactive waste gases released during normal operation of the nuclear fuel cycle, and for transportation and storage/disposal of the resulting waste forms. The study used a numerical rating scheme to evaluate and compare the alternatives for krypton-85, iodine-129, and carbon-14; whereas a subjective evaluation, based on published reports and engineering judgement, was made for transportation and storage/disposal options. Based on these evaluations, certain alternatives are recommended for an integrated scheme for waste management of each of the subject waste gases. Phase II of this project, which is concerned with the development of performance criteria for the waste forms associated with the subject gases, will be completed by the end of 1980. This work will be documented as Volume II of this report.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Evans, A. G.; Prout, W. E.; Buckner, J. T. & Buckner, M. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of models for developing biological input for the design and location of water-intake structures
An approach for assessing multiple stimulus/response relations between fish and water intake structures is presented in this report. The approach stresses stimulus/response relations influencing fish and shellfish distribution and is made up of two methods. The first places emphasis on spatial and temperal distributions of populations; information is presented in the form of a non-predictive model, which allows for organizing information and documenting review processes. The second approach encompasses functional relationships between environmental and biological stimuli and responses of organisms. By using the two methods together, functional relationships can be evaluated to define the distribution of a fish or shellfish species. This information can then be used to resolve questions relating to impingement and entrainment.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Simmons, M. A. & McKenzie, D. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Procedure for developing biological input for the design, location, or modification of water-intake structures
To minimize adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems resulting from the operation of water intake structures, design engineers must have relevant information on the behavior, physiology and ecology of local fish and shellfish. Identification of stimulus/response relationships and the environmental factors that influence them is the first step in incorporating biological information in the design, location or modification of water intake structures. A procedure is presented in this document for providing biological input to engineers who are designing, locating or modifying a water intake structure. The authors discuss sources of stimuli at water intakes, historical approaches in assessing potential/actual impact and review biological information needed for intake design.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Neitzel, D. A. & McKenzie, D. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results of the radiological survey at 17 John Street, Lodi, New Jersey
Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, 17 John Street, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ088), was conducted during 1988. 5 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Date:
December 1, 1989
Creator:
Foley, R.D. & Floyd, L.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhancing the use of coals by gas reburning-sorbent injection
The objective of this project is to evaluate and demonstrate a cost effective emission control technology for acid rain precursors, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and sulfur (SO{sub x}), on three coal fired utility boilers in Illinois. The units selected are representative of pre-NSPS design practices; tangential, wall, and cyclone fired. The specific objectives are to demonstrate reductions of 60 percent in NO{sub x} and 50 percent in SO{sub x} emissions, by a combination of two developed technologies, gas reburning (GR) and sorbent injection (SI). With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the primary combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO{sub x} is converted to N{sub 2}. The combustion process is completed by overfire air addition. SO{sub x} emissions are reduced by injecting dry sorbents (usually calcium based) into the upper furnace, at the superheater exit or into the ducting following the air heater. The sorbents trap SO{sub x} as solid sulfates and sulfites, which are collected in the particulate control device.
Date:
December 22, 1988
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Habitat Evaluation and Monitoring in the Columbia River Basin, Final Report.
The law established the Northwest Power Planning Council to prepare and adopt a regional conservation and electric power plan, and a program to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife. The objectives are the development of regional plans and programs related to energy conservation, renewable resources, other resources, and protecting mitigating, and enhancing fish and wildlife resources and to protect, mitigate, and enhance the fish and wildlife, including related spawning grounds and habitat, of the Columbia River and its tributaries. 4 refs.
Date:
December 1, 1986
Creator:
Everson, Larry B.; Campbell, Charles J.; Craven, Richard E. & Welsh, Thomas L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal ground water in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada
The study area occupies about 14,500 square miles in southwestern Idaho and north-central Nevada. Thermal ground water occurs under artesian conditions, in discontinuous or compartmented zones, in igneous or sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age. Ground-water movement is generally northward. Temperatures of the ground water range from about 30/sup 0/ to more than 80/sup 0/C. Chemical analyses of water from 12 wells and 9 springs indicate that nonthermal waters are a calcium bicarbonate type; thermal waters are a sodium bicarbonate type. Chemical geothermometers indicate probable maximum reservoir temperatures are near 100/sup 0/C. Concentration of tritium in the thermal water water is near zero.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Young, H. W. & Lewis, R. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photoelectron photoion molecular beam spectroscopy
The use of supersonic molecular beams in photoionization mass spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy to assist in the understanding of photoexcitation in the vacuum ultraviolet is described. Rotational relaxation and condensation due to supersonic expansion were shown to offer new possibilities for molecular photoionization studies. Molecular beam photoionization mass spectroscopy has been extended above 21 eV photon energy by the use of Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) facilities. Design considerations are discussed that have advanced the state-of-the-art in high resolution vuv photoelectron spectroscopy. To extend gas-phase studies to 160 eV photon energy, a windowless vuv-xuv beam line design is proposed.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Trevor, D.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fiscal year 1987 program plan
The Defense TRU Waste Program (DTWP) is the focal point for the Department of Energy in national planning, integration, operation, and technical development for TRU waste management. The scope of this program extends from the point of TRU waste generation through delivery to a permanent repository. The TRU program maintains a close interface with repository development to ensure program compatibility and coordination. The defense TRU program does not directly address commercial activities that generate TRU waste. Instead, it is concerned with providing alternatives to manage existing and future defense TRU wastes. The FY 87 Program Plan is consistent with the Defense TRU Waste Program goals and objectives stated in the Defense Transuranic Waste Program Strategy Document, January 1984. The roles of participants, the responsibilities and authorities for Operations, and Research Development (R D), the organizational interfaces and communication channels for R D and the establishment of procedures for planning, reporting, and budgeting of Operations and R D activities meet requirements stated in the Technical Management Plan for the Transuranic Waste Management Program. Detailed budget planning (i.e., programmatic funding and capital equipment) is presented for FY 87; outyear budget projections are presented for future years.
Date:
December 1, 1986
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot gas cleanup using solid supported molten salt for integrated coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell power plants. Topical report, October 1982-December 1983
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories is developing a solid supported molten salt (SSMS) hot gas cleanup process for integrated coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power plants. Exploratory and demonstration experiments have been completed to select a salt composition and evaluate its potential for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) removal under the conditions projected for the MCFC plants. Results to date indicate that equilibrium capacity and removal efficiencies may be adequate for one step H/sub 2/S and HCl removal. Regeneration produced a lower H/sub 2/S concentration than expected, but one from which sulfur could be recovered. Bench scale experiments will be designed to confirm laboratory results, check carbonyl sulfide removal, refine dual cycle (sulfide-chloride) regeneration techniques and obtain data for engineering/economic evaluation and scale-up. 8 references, 24 figures, 7 tables.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Lyke, S. E.; Sealock, L. J. Jr. & Roberts, G. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surface footprint from initial Chernobyl release as indicated by the meso-alpha MLAM (Multi-Layer Air Mass) model
This document reports the results of dose calculations from the Chernobyl reactor accident in April 1986. The calculations were completed in 1987. The results are now being published to disseminate the information to an audience of potential users. This study's objective was to model the transport path of materials released during April 26 and 27, the first 48 hours of the accident. 5 refs., 15 figs.
Date:
December 1, 1989
Creator:
Davis, W. E.; Olsen, A. R.; Didier, B. T.; Tucker, P. E. & Damschen, D. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Configuring the SLC linac for injection into PEP
From time to time the normal SLC physics program is to be interrupted so that beam can be delivered to PEP. In order that the switch to PEP injection (and the switch back again) can be accomplished quickly and easily, the gun, the damping rings, the linac phase ramp, the energy profile of the linac klystrons for the scavenger bunch, and the entire positron production system are to be kept the same as in the SLC configuration. What mainly remains to be changed is the linac klystron profile for the leading two bunches - those going to PEP. The new klystron profile must be such that it leaves these two beams (1) with final energies that match that of the storage ring and (2) with final energy spectra that fit within the energy aperture of the PEP transfer line. The conditions that need to be met in order to achieve these two goals are discussed in this note. 1 ref., 2 figs.
Date:
December 15, 1989
Creator:
Bane, K.L.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Considerations of bunch-spacing options for multi-bunch operation of the Tevatron Collider
This discussion will consider a number of points relevant to limitations, advantages and disadvantages of various arrangements of bunches in the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. The considerations discussed here will be limited to: (a) bunch spacing symmetry and relation to the relative luminosity at B0 and D0 and the beam-beam interaction with separated beams; (b) bunch spacing constraints imposed by Main Ring RF coalescing and the optics of beam separation at B0 and D0; and (c) bunch spacing constraints imposed by injection and abort kicker timing requirements, and by the Antiproton Source RF unstacking process. 20 figs., 17 tabs.
Date:
December 14, 1989
Creator:
Dugan, G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Guidance manual for the input of biological information to water-intake-structure design
This manual is intended to provide guidance to the biologist who is asked to provide biological input during the construction or subsequent alteration of a water intake structure. Examples of the types of biological information that might be included in intake design are presented. Procedures for quantifying biological information and defining specific tasks that will generate quantifiable data are discussed. Procedures described apply both to new and modified water intake structures.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Neitzel, D. A.; Simmons, M. A. & McKenzie, D. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bose-Einstein correlations in e/sup +/e/sup -/ collisions
The MARK II detector is used to study the Bose-Einstein correlation between pairs and triplets of charged pions produced in hadronic decays of the J)psi), the ..sqrt..s = 4 to 7 GeV continuum above the J)psi), two photon events at ..sqrt..s = 29 GeV, and e/sup )plus/)e/sup )minus/) annihilation events at ..sqrt..s = 29 GeV as a function of Q/sup 2/, the four-momentum transfer squared. After corrections for Coulomb effects and pion misidentification, we find a nearly full Bose-Einstein enhancement ..cap alpha.. in the J)psi) and the two photon data and about half the maximum value in the other two data sets. The radius parameter )tau)(an average over space and time) given by pion pair analyses lies within a band of +-0.10 fm around 0.73 fm and is the same, within errors, for all four data sets. Pion triplet analyses also give a consistent radius of approx. 0.54 fm. fits to two-dimensional distributions R(q/sub T//sup 2/, q/sub C//sup 2/) of invariant components of Q/sup 2/ = q/sub T//sup 2/ )plus) q/sub C//sup 2/ give )tau)/sub T/ approx. )tau)C approx. )tau), where q/sub T/ is the transverse three-momentum difference calculated with respect to the net pair three-momentum, and q/sub C/ is …
Date:
December 1, 1987
Creator:
Juricic, I.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Safeguards Material Control and Accounting Program. Quarterly report, April-June 1980
This report summarizes the April-June 1980 activities of the Safeguards Material and Accounting Program sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Progress is described on the application and further development of computer-based methodologies for assessing the vulnerabilities of MC and A systems in nuclear fuel-cycle facilities. The application effort involved an assessment of a scrap processing facility with the Structured Assessment Approach (SAA) methodology. The development effort concentrated on making the SAA more user-oriented. Work continued in providing technical analyses to assist the NRC in its development of the forthcoming MC and A upgrade rule. The technical analyses have involved value-impact studies on the draft MC and A upgrade rule using the LLNL Aggregrated Systems Model; specifically, progress has been made on the development of five MC and A performance measures. Other work has included the development of four protection principles for protecting MC and A data from falsification. We also describe progress in analyzing the actual and potential value of an NRC interfacility material accounting system for detecting data falsification.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Poggio, A. J. & Dunn, D. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of tritium breeding requirements for fusion power reactors
This report presents an assessment of tritium-breeding requirements for fusion power reactors. The analysis is based on an evaluation of time-dependent tritium inventories in the reactor system. The method presented can be applied to any fusion systems in operation on a steady-state mode as well as on a pulsed mode. As an example, the UWMAK-I design was analyzed and it has been found that the startup inventory requirement calculated by the present method significantly differs from those previously calculated. The effect of reactor-parameter changes on the required tritium breeding ratio is also analyzed for a variety of reactor operation scenarios.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Jung, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bond-Strength Studies for 1-Mil-Diameter Gold Wires Bonded to Hybrid Microcircuit Substrates
Detailed studies of the failure probability for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under severe acceleration in the W79 artillery shell environments were made. The studies included: the calculated resultant pull forces exerted on the bond joints due to the W79 acceleration environments; the suitability of the loop-hook pull tests and the use of the normal Gaussian distribution theory for statistical description of bond strengths; and the probability of failure for gold wires bonded to multiplexer substrates under artillery shell accelerations using fixed angle pull tests and a Weilbull distribution theory for the statistical description. Preliminary statistical analyses of the bond strength data obtained from the conventional loop-hook pull tests for a multiplexer substrate HMC, have shown that the ball bond is strong enough to withstand the 0.17 gram design limit load due to the W79 gun barrel environments with a very low probability of failure. For the wedge bond, however, the results of a statistical analysis for the bond strength agree with experience which shows that the wedge bonds are generally much weaker than ball bonds in multiplexer substrates, and the probability of failure may be high enough to cause a problem. The degradation of the wedge bond strength …
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Kan, Y.R. & Prantil, V.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinetic analysis of dynamic PET data
Our goal is to quantify regional physiological processes such as blood flow and metabolism by means of tracer kinetic modeling and positron emission tomography (PET). Compartmental models are one way of characterizing the behavior of tracers in physiological systems. This paper describes a general method of estimating compartmental model rate constants from measurements of the concentration of tracers in blood and tissue, taken at multiple time intervals. A computer program which applies the method is described, and examples are shown for simulated and actual data acquired from the Donner 280-Crystal Positron Tomograph.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Knittel, B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EBT-P gamma-ray shielding system
An elaborate study was carried out for the coil and biological shield of the ELMO Bumpy Torus proof-of-principle (EBT-P) device. A three-dimensional scoping study for the coil shield was performed for four different shielding options to define the heat load for each component and check the compliance with the design criterion of 10 watts maximum heat per coil from the gamma ray sources. Also, a detailed biological dose survey was performed which included: (a) the dose equivalent inside and outside the building, (b) the dose equivalent from the two mazes of the machine room, and (c) the skyshine contribution to the dose equivalent.
Date:
December 1, 1981
Creator:
Gohar, Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Revised Users Manual, Pulverized Coal Gasification or Combustion: 2-Dimensional (87-PCGC-2): Final Report, Volume 2. [87-PCGC-2]
A two-dimensional, steady-state model for describing a variety of reactive and non-reactive flows, including pulverized coal combustion and gasification, is presented. Recent code revisions and additions are described. The model, referred to as 87-PCGC-2, is applicable to cylindrical axi-symmetric systems. Turbulence is accounted for in both the fluid mechanics equations and the combustion scheme. Radiation from gases, walls, and particles is taken into account using either a flux method or discrete ordinates method. The particle phase is modeled in a Lagrangian framework, such that mean paths of particle groups are followed. Several multi-step coal devolatilization schemes are included along with a heterogeneous reaction scheme that allows for both diffusion and chemical reaction. Major gas-phase reactions are modeled assuming local instantaneous equilibrium, and thus the reaction rates are limited by the turbulent rate mixing. A NO/sub x/ finite rate chemistry submodel is included which integrates chemical kinetics and the statistics of the turbulence. The gas phase is described by elliptic partial differential equations that are solved by an iterative line-by-line technique. Under-relaxation is used to achieve numerical stability. The generalized nature of the model allows for calculation of isothermal fluid mechanicsgaseous combustion, droplet combustion, particulate combustion and various mixtures of the …
Date:
December 1, 1987
Creator:
Smith, P. J.; Smoot, L. D. & Brewster, B. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library