Report and dissertation issued by the APDA over hypothetical reactor meltdown accidents. Methods for the determination of the energy release from reactor meltdowns are presented. This report includes tables, and illustrations.

The following quarterly progress report covers the period of August 15 to November 15, 1962. It summarizes three activities of the group. The first part is the optical study of the absorption band associated with the F-center in RbCl. The second part discusses some elementary calculations of the spin-lattice relaxation times, the primary purpose of this step is to indicate the nature of the theoretical problem faced and show the large gap between the value calculated theoretically and measured experimentally. The last section includes more data on the shape and recovery of the hole in a EPR band associated with the F-center in KCl.

From title page: This report has been prepared at the request of the Government of Germany for consideration under their Atomic Energy Act for a license for the operation of the N.S. Savannah in German ports.

From preface: Proceedings of a conference of AEC contractor and depository librarians on the operations of the Division of Technical Information

A series of W-5 Re/W-26 Re thermocouples have been electron beam welded at the Hamilton Standard Division at our request. This technical report is a summary of our evaluation of these joints. These weldments did exhibit incomplete fusion in cap welds and some porosity in undesirable lead junction shapes. In fairness, this was a single attempt to make a difficult joint, and the objective of ungrounded 1/16 OD clad joints was met. As noted by Hamilton, two changes are necessary to improve this joint design: (1) swaging to forming the clad end rather than crimping prior to cap welding. (2) using a fixture with rotary motion on a tilting axis.

"The problems discussed are those encountered in assigning unequivocal emf values to electrode systems. Three electrodes which meet the requirements for reference electrodes most adequately are considered in some detail: these are the hydrogen, silver-silver chloride, and mercury-mercurous chloride (calomel) electrodes. An assessment is presented for electrode systems for aqueous solutions, organic solvents, fused slats and biological systems."

"A compilation made as part of a research program dealing with the thermodynamics and electrical conductance of inorganic electrolytes in polar organic solvents is presented. Conductance and association constant data are included dating from 1922 through June 1962, classified both by solute and solvent. Other features include a selection of the physical properties of the most commonly-used organic solvents, a guide to alkylammonium salts studied in four or more solvents, and a survey of conductance extrapolation techniques."

As a result of the interest in fission products for use as heat sources and/or radiation sources, in early 1960. Hanford was authorized to supply a semi-refined cerium-144 rare earth product to Oak Ridge National Laboratories. Facilities were installed for collecting this product and a cask war designed for shipping this product as a stabilized, dry powder. Since that time, numerous improvements have been made in the design of the HAPO I cask as described in Revision O of this document. In addition, the development of strontium-90 as a major product requires increased flexibility in the utilization of these casks.

Details are given of a monitor for the continuous determination of deuterium in helium. Excess oxygen is added to the gas stream and the oxygen concentration determined before and after passage of the gas through a deuterium-oxygen recombination unit. Oxygen concentrations are measured with galvanic cells. The accuracy is better and +- 10 percent in the range 200 - 5000 v.p.m. deuterium. operating instructions for the Lucas Heights equipment are given.

Technical report. From report : "The method of least squares refinement is based on the prediction of the theory of errors that, if the errors of the observed structure factors follow the Gaussian distribution, the most nearly correct atomic parameters will be those which result in the minimization of the residual R = Σi [√wi(|Fo| - |Fc|)i]2."

Technical report. From Abstract : "The crystal structure of bis(meta-chlorobenzoyl) methane has been determined by three dimensional anisotropic least squares refinement of scintillation counter data. The molecule was found to be nearly planar with a maximum deviation from the least squares molecular plane of 0.068Å and an average deviation of 0.023Å. Fourier transform techniques to locate phenyl rings provided the key to the structure determination. The intramolecular bond distances and thermal parameters of the oxygen atoms support a resonant, enol ring with a symmetric, intramolecular hydrogen bond. The structure confirms conslusions from the structure of bis(meta-bromobenzoyl) methane where the symmetry of the molecule was forced by the crystal symmetry."

Report describing a five-stage cascade impactor, which has four impactor stages in which round jets are used and a filter stage. The method of calibrating the device is described. The significance of the collection efficiency and wall losses with respect to sampling for mass distributions is discussed.

The object of this study was to determine the nature of the free radicals induced in ferrocene by Co60 gamma rays. The irradiations were carried out on the powder at 77°K and on the single crystals at 193°K. The variation of the splitting factor, g, of the signals observed when the single crystals were oriented at different angles relative to the external magnetic field direction, indicated the existence of three types of resonance peaks. It was possible to correlate these variations with the molecular orientations in the crystal unit cell and with the spatial arrangement of the molecular orbitals. Taking into account the spectral changes observed after thermal annealing of the crystal, the existence of the following free radicals has been suggested: 1) a straight molecule-ferricinium ion, 2) a bent molecule-ferricinium ion, and 3) a cyclopentadienyl radical with four protons, the fifth having been transferred to the iron atom. A signal with a cylindrically symmetric g tensor, observed at 77°K, has been assigned to another radical but its nature was not fully established.

Several important metabolic processes in plants involve the conversion of triose phosphate to hexose monophosphate. These include the synthesis of carbohydrates from precursors such as pyruvate and acetyl-coenzyme A, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle of photosynthesis, and the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle. This conversion cannot be accomplished solely by glycolytic enzymes because of the irreversible nature of phosphofructokinase. Racker and Schroeder (1958) have suggested two possible enzymic pathways for the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from triose phosphate. The most direct route is via a phosphate specific for the phosphates attached to carbon-1 of FDP. A combination of aldolase, transaldolase and sedoheptulose diphosphates may provide an alternative pathway.

The radiation of the Van Allen belts and the solar flares consists primarily of electrons and protons, the biological effects of which are reasonably well known. However, there is a very small component of the galactic cosmic rays which consists of stripped atomic nuclei of atoms as heavy as iron. The biological effects of such particles have not been extensively investigated because it is impossible to produce them in the laboratory with an energy high enough to use for mammalian experiments. Consequently it has been necessary to approach the problem by indirect methods.

An additive mechanism of micro- and macro-convective heat transfer was formulated to represent boiling heat transfer with net vapor generation to saturated, non-metallic fluids in convective flow. The final equations are [equations not transcribed]. The second equation will be recognized as the Dittus-Boelter equation with the additional factor F. The two functions F and S are defined as [equations not transcribed] where Re is the effective Reynolds number for the two-phase fluid and ΔTe is the effective superheat for bubble growth. F and S were obtained as functions of the Martinelli parameter and the two-phase Reynolds number, respectively. The correlation was tested with available data for water and organic fluids. Data from different sources which could not be satisfactorily correlated by existing correlations were shown to be quite well correlated by the one presently proposed. The average deviation between calculated and measured boiling coefficients for all data points from nine experimental cases was ±11%

The magnetic field of the AGS ring can contain particles of magnetic rigidity about 34 Bv/c. This includes not only protons of kinetic energy 33 Bev, but also 32 Bev deuterons, 64 Bev alpha particles, and conceivably heavier nuclei such as 188 Bev carbon nuclei. It will be shown in this paper that such nuclei can be injected and accelerated in the AGS if some rather small modifications are made in the injection and acceleration systems. What physics could be done with such beams? Several types of experiments may be suggested. In the first place, since the deuteron is a rather loosely bound combination of a neutron and a proton, it is likely to break up when it hits a target nucleus (stripping reaction). In a considerable fraction of the collisions the neutron will go straight on with essentially unchanged energy (half the deuteron energy). Therefore, with an internal target bombarded by 30 Bev deuterons one should obtain an intense, rather well collimated and monochromatic beam of 15 Bev neutrons in the forward direction.

Report containing ongoing projects and experiments undertaken by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Molten-Salt Reactor Program.

From Introduction: "As will be explained in more detail elsewhere in this report, casting methods and drying conditions have been found to have a drastic effect on film permeability to both water and salt. Errors that became evident in temperature control indicated that some of the previous high rates were obtained at temperatures considerably higher than the 100 degrees C that was intended and reported."

From Abstract: "This report covers a study involving the use of radioisotope power as a heat source for saline water conversion."

Report describing the helium atmosphere system in the Argonne National Laboratory's Facility 350. The atmosphere's ability to remove moisture, oxygen, and other impurities, how the atmosphere is purified, and experimental data regarding the use of activated carbon to absorb oxygen from helium are discussed.

From Summary: "A device for purifying and recycling the helium atmosphere of two dryboxes having a combined volume of 60 ft3 is described. Regeneration procedures are given."

Quarterly report describing progress on the EVESR Nuclear Superheat Fuel Development Project.

Report issued by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory discussing progress and work conducted by the Chemistry Division.