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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues
This report examines debates regarding what constitutes an "unfunded federal mandate" and the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995's (UMRA) implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions which currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities.
Date:
December 12, 2013
Creator:
Dilger, Robert Jay & Beth, Richard S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EPA Regulations: Too Much, Too Little, or On Track?
This report provides background information on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory activity during the Obama Administration to help address these issues. It examines major or controversial regulatory actions taken by or under development at EPA since January 2009, providing details on the regulatory action itself, presenting an estimated timeline for completion of the rule (including identification of related court or statutory deadlines), and, in general, providing EPA's estimates of costs and benefits, where available. The report includes tables that show which rules remain under development, and an appendix that describes major or controversial rules that are now final.
Date:
December 12, 2013
Creator:
McCarthy, James E. & Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Annual Fee on Health Insurers
This report discusses the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148) and the Reconciliation Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-152) that impose a fee on certain for-profit health insurers, starting in 2014.
Date:
December 12, 2013
Creator:
Kirchhoff, Suzanne M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Contribution Limits: Selected Questions About McCutcheon and Policy Issues for Congress
This report offers a preliminary analysis of major policy issues and potential implications that appear to be most relevant as the House and Senate prepare for the ruling and decide whether or how to respond.
Date:
December 12, 2013
Creator:
Garrett, R. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress
Report that provides information about the reforms made by the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in December 2010, Congress's role in the reform process, and how the reforms could affect U.S. interests at the IMF.
Date:
December 12, 2012
Creator:
Nelson, Rebecca M. & Weiss, Martin A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress
This report discusses the security environment of the world, how it has changed since the Cold War, and implications of the security environment for defense. The report also discusses issues for Congress concerning potential reassessment of U.S. defense.
Date:
December 12, 2017
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Supreme Court Declines to Take Up Military Commission Challenges-Al Bahlul and Al-Nashiri
This report discusses the Supreme Court's rejection of cases submitted by two detainees at Guantanamo Bay (Ali Hamza Ahmad Suliman al Bahlul & Abd Al-Rahim Hussein Al-Nashiri) challenging the current military commission system under the Military Commissions Act (MCA). It discusses the merits of the cases, the various legal proceedings regarding them, and case law related to the issue.
Date:
December 12, 2017
Creator:
Elsea, Jennifer K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Taylor Force Act: Palestinian Terrorism-Related Payments and U.S. Aid
This report discusses possible legislation (the Taylor Force Act) that would affect U.S. aid payments to the Palestinian Authority. It provides background on the concerns that money might go toward payments to families accused of terrorism by Israel, as well as a discussion of proposed bills.
Date:
December 12, 2017
Creator:
Zanotti, Jim & Sharp, Jeremy M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Suing Subway: When Does a Class Action Settlement Benefit Only the Lawyers
This report explores the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit's "Subway" ruling which rejected a proposed settlement of a class-action suit brought against Subway for falsely advertising the length of their sandwiches; the settlement required them to inspect sandwich lengths and pay the plaintiff's attorney fees, but it only benefited the lawyers and not consumers. The report discusses the case's broader significance to class action litigation, tort reform, and consumer rights.
Date:
December 12, 2017
Creator:
Lewis, Kevin M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Drug Offenses: Maximum Fines and Terms of Imprisonment for Violation of the Federal Controlled Substances Act and Related Laws
This is a chart of the maximum fines and terms of imprisonment that may be imposed as a consequence of conviction for violation of the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and other drug supply and drug demand related laws. It lists the penalties for: heroin, cocaine, crack, PCP, LSD, marihuana (marijuana), amphetamine, methamphetamine, listed (precursor) chemicals, paraphernalia, date rape drugs, rave drugs, designer drugs, ecstasy, drug kingpins, as well as the other substances including narcotics and opiates assigned to Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III, Schedule IV, and Schedule V of the Controlled Substances Act and the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (Title II and Title III of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act).
Date:
December 12, 2011
Creator:
Yeh, Brian T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda
This report discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, begun in November 2001, which has entered its 11th year. The report includes background on Doha and the significance fo the negotiations as well as a breakdown of issues on the Doha agenda and the role of the Congress.
Date:
December 12, 2011
Creator:
Fergusson, Ian F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement
This report discusses the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), a free trade agreement that includes nations on both sides of the Pacific. Original members of the TPP were Brunei, Chile, New Zealand, and Singapore. The United States, Australia, Peru, and Vietnam have committed themselves to joining and expanding this group. This report discusses similar trade partnerships, the importance of Asia to U.S. trade and security interests, and U.S. participation in the TPP.
Date:
December 12, 2011
Creator:
Fergusson, Ian F. & Vaughn, Bruce
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues
This report describes the Keystone XL pipeline proposal and the process required for federal approval. It summarizes key arguments for and against the pipeline put forth by the pipeline's developers, federal agencies, environmental groups, and other stakeholders. The report discusses potential consistency challenges faced by the State Department in reviewing the pipeline application given its recent prior approvals of similar pipeline projects. Finally, the report reviews the constitutional basis for the State Department's authority to issue a Presidential Permit, and opponents' possible challenges to this authority.
Date:
December 12, 2011
Creator:
Parfomak, Paul W.; Nerurkar, Neelesh; Luther, Linda & Vann, Adam
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance
This report discusses the current political state of Afghanistan, as well as the Afghan government. This report also discusses Afghanistan's relationship with the United States, particularly U.S. efforts to urge President Hamid Karzai, to address corruption within the Afghan government. The report also includes discussion of election fraud and corruption in Afghanistan.
Date:
December 12, 2011
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Presidential Election Campaign Fund and Tax Checkoff: Background and Current Issues
None
Date:
December 12, 2005
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electoral College Reform: Contemporary Issues for Congress
None
Date:
December 12, 2014
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments
This report mainly discusses about the U.S. Defense Deployments on Guam. The U.S military is building up forces on he U.S territory of Guam to maintain deterrence and war fighting capabilities for possible reason to disaster.
Date:
December 12, 2014
Creator:
Kan, Shirley A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism: An Overview
None
Date:
December 12, 2007
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exemptions from Environmental Law fora the Department of Defense: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides Background and Issues for Congress on Exemptions from Environmental Law for the Department of Defense. several environmental statutes contain national security exemptions which is a department of defense can obtain on a case by case basis.
Date:
December 12, 2006
Creator:
Bearden, David M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Midnight Rulemaking: Considerations for Congress and a New Administration
None
Date:
December 12, 2008
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Security Reform
None
Date:
December 12, 2003
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The WTO, Intellectual Property Rights, and the Access to Medicines Controversy
None
Date:
December 12, 2006
Creator:
Fergusson, Ian F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Taxes and the Economy: An Economic Analysis of the Top Tax Rates Since 1945 (Updated)
Income tax rates are at the center of many recent policy debates over taxes. Some policymakers argue that raising tax rates, especially on higher income taxpayers, to increase tax revenues is part of the solution for long-term debt reduction. This report examines the top tax rates since 1945 and analyzes the ways in which tax rates affect economic growth.
Date:
December 12, 2012
Creator:
Hungerford, Thomas L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Water Act Section 401: Background and Issues
Under the Clean Water Act (CWA), an applicant for a federal license or permit to conduct any activity that may result in a discharge to waters of the United States must provide the federal agency with a Section 401 certification. This report discusses the certification, which provides states with two distinct powers: one, the power indirectly to deny federal permits or licenses by withholding certification; and two, the power to impose conditions upon federal permits by placing limitations on certification.
Date:
December 12, 2012
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library