Thirty-two brands of domestic commercial low tar and nicotine cigarettes were analyzed for their production of tar, nicotine, nitrogen oxides (as nitric oxide), hydrogen cyanide, acrolein, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide under standard analytical smoking conditions. Results are compared with published data for certain brands.

A spaced, evacuated tubular radiation receiver employing a highly selective absorber surface and light enhancement features has been subject to extensive test and analysis. Air was used as the heat transfer fluid. The design, installation, test and analysis of the air cooled collector was conducted. The thermal performance of the air cooled collector was found to be better than predicted when rated on an all day operating basis. The high performance characteristic is enhanced by the features of ease of installation and freedom from maintenance and operational problems. High quality air or liquid may be provided (the latter by heat exchange) for a variety of load applications.

This report documents an independent review and evaluation of sodium leak detection methods described in the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Preliminary Safety Analysis Report. Only information in publicly available documents was used in making the assessments.

Least squares analyses of calorimetric measurements made at Mound Laboratory on two tritide compounds over a period of 18 y were performed to determine the half-life of tritium. A half-life of 12.3232 +- 0.0043 mean solar years was obtained.

Progress is reported on studies on the basic aspects of radiation effects on microorganisms. Results are included from studies on the effects of uv pretreatment on the survival of ..gamma..-irradiated micrococcus luteus and uv-induced radioresistance to bacteriophage.

A series of nozzle and wearblade tests to evaluate scale control and materials performance under total flow nozzle inlet conditions and simulated turbine blade environments was completed using Magmamax No. 1 well fluid. Brine acidification was effective in preventing scale in nozzles and on wearblade flow surfaces. Acid consumption measurements indicate that acid cost will be less than 2 mills/100 lb. brine. Measured erosion rates were low and the results indicate that available materials will allow successful turbine operation for many years. Stress corrosion cracking was not observed in specimens of the leading candidate turbine material (Ti-6A1-4V) after up to 60-hours operation at stresses similar to those expected in an operating turbine system.

Mass-spectrometry and Knudsen effusion experiments were used to study the equilibrium partial pressure of SeS formed by reaction of S/sub 2/ and Se/sub 2/ which were produced by thermally decomposing a mixture of In/sub 2/S/sub 3/ and In/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ in a Knudsen effusion cell. The heat of formation of SeS(g) was determined by the second law method to be -0.6 +- 3 kcal/mole. The entropy of formation of SeS(g) was calculated from spectrographic data in Ahmed and Barrow to be 1.5 cal/degree-mole at 298/sup 0/K.

The Western Gas Sands Project Plan, Project Implementation Plans, Project Plan Document FY 78 and the Quarterly Basin Activities Report are in various stages of preparation. Information gathering by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) of the initial data base for many of the project activities is continuing. Some base maps are complete and field investigations in the principal areas of interest are being conducted. Investigation of tight gas sands with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction techniques and an X-ray spectrometer is proceeding. Research and Development by Energy Research Centers and National Laboratories funded by DOE has been directed toward the development of new tools and instrumentation systems, rock mechanics experiments, mathematical modeling and data analysis. The positive results of system development and data analysis techniques by Sandia and USGS/Menlo Park in determining fracture orientation have been very encouraging. The Field Test and Demonstrations section reports primarily on joint Government/Industry experiments. The Uinta Basin in Utah and Piceance Basin in Colorado have active massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) experiments in the Upper Cretaceous tight gas formations. These are: Gas Producing Enterprises (GPE)--Natural Buttes No. 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22; Mobil Research and Development--F-31-13G; and Rio Blanco Natural Gas.

The following topics are discussed: (1) primary sodium pump design concept; (2) pump level control system; (3) resolution of design problems in stress analysis, dynamics analysis, and mechanical design; (4) model testing; (5) planned performance tests; and (6) fabrication status. (DG)

The purpose of this handbook is to present to United States industrial organizations the Department of Energy's (DOE) Safeguards Technology Program. The roles and missions for safeguards in the U.S. government and application of the DOE technology program to industry safeguards planning are discussed. A guide to sources and products is included. (LK)

An assessment of the relative economic and heat utilization merits of plant reject heat utilization systems was made in an effort to indicate those technologies that show the greatest potential for wide-scale implementation in the power generating industry. The heat utilization systems were designed to accommodate the yearly cooling needs of a 1000-MW(e) power plant. Thus, for the purposes of this study, it was assumed that these systems replaced the cooling tower as the primary condenser cooling water heat dissipation system. Implementation potential and user incentive considerations were used in assessing the technologies. Assessment of the implementation potential included economic, marketing, and power plant performance criteria. The user incentive assessment essentially viewed the use of reject heat from the user's perspective. Heat costs and performance characteristics of the heat utilization system were the criteria used in this assessment. The two analyses were combined in the overall assessment. The overall assessment indicated that extensive pond aquaculture offered the greatest potential for wide-scale implementation. This was followed by animal rearing, algal pond, greenhouse, intensive aquaculture and undersoil heating systems. Based on this assessment, it is recommended that extensive pond aquaculture should receive top research priority. Animal rearing, algal pond and greenhouse research …

This test procedure (No. 402) provides a detailed description of the verification methods which shall be used in the developmental program to be conducted on the Combined Rotating Unit-(CRU) of the Kilowatt Isotope Power System KIPS, to fulfill the requirements of the Ground Demonstration Test Plan. The test objectives were to: establish operating conditions, overspeed conditions and to measure basic performance; measure output power; record spin-down data and calculate bearing losses; calculate turbine efficiency at steady state using spin down data and previously determined pump and alternator performance data; test 500 W(e) and 2000 W(e) units by replacing necessary hardware in one of the units and measuring basic performance; and test one of the units in the horizontal axis to demonstrate zero g operation.

The validity of neglecting the energy dependence of the neutron width in the calculation of average reaction cross sections is studied.

In June 1976 General Atomic completed the construction of a reprocessing head-end cold pilot plant. In the year since then, each system within the head end has been used for experiments which have qualified the designs. This report describes the equipment in the plant and summarizes the results of the initial phase of reprocessing testing.

Results and conclusions are reported from a design study for a dedicated medical accelerator. Basing efforts on the current consensus regarding medical requirements, the resulting demands on accelerator and beam delivery systems were analyzed, and existing accelerator technology was reviewed to evaluate the feasibility of meeting these demands. This general analysis was augmented and verified by preparing detailed preliminary designs for sources of therapeutic beams of neutrons, protons and heavy ions. The study indicates that circular accelerators are the most desirable and economical solutions for such sources. Synchrotrons are clearly superior for beams of helium and heavier ions, while synchrotrons and cyclotrons seem equally well suited for protons although they have different strengths and weaknesses. Advanced techniques of beam delivery are of utmost importance in fully utilizing the advantages of particle beams. Several issues are invloved here. First, multi-treatment room arrangements are essential for making optimal use of the high dose rate capabilities of ion accelerators. The design of corresponding beam switching systems, the principles of which are already developed for physics experimental areas, pose no problems. Second, isocentric beam delivery substantially enhances flexibility of dose delivery. After several designs for such devices were completed, it was concluded that high …

The elastic properties of monoclinic hafnium oxide were studied as functions of porosity, temperature and grain size. An important finding of this study was that hafnium oxide is subject to microcracking when the grain size exceeds a critical value between 2 and 3 mu m. The behavior of the elastic moduli with porosity and temperature for crack-free hafnium oxide was typical for polycrystalline ceramics. The nature of the thermal expansion and the internal friction supported this finding. The elastic properties for the microcracked material exhibited trends similar to those observed for other microcracked materials. However, some new characteristics of the microcracking effects were observed in this study. An increase in internal friction was associated with the microcrack healing process. It was also found that there is an atmospheric effect that enhances microcrack growth. Additionally, thermal treatments of microcracked hafnium oxide were found to result in significant changes in the microcrack system.

Silicon obtained by the SiF/sub 4/-Na reaction was analyzed by spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS). A partial listing of the results is given below. The concentration units in parentheses are ppM wt. B(0.1), Al(0.8), Ga(0.06), P(0.2), F(0.1), Na(1.0), V(0.04), Mo(0.3), Ti(2.0), Zr(2.0), Mn(0.1), Ni(2.0), Zn(0.01), Cu(20.0), Cr(11.0), Fe(55.0). An excellent starting material for silicon solar cells is obtained on the basis of the low levels of B, Al, Ga, P and As. The source of the Fe and Cr is suspected to be the stainless steel container for liquid sodium. An independent check for the phosphorus content in Sample 2-19 was made by a wet colorimetric method and was found to be 90 parts per billion (ppB), in reasonable agreement with the SSMS result of 20 ppB. Silicon samples prepared from induction melted powder were evaluated for electrical properties using four-point probe conductivity and thermoelectric methods. The solid silicon in Sample 2-19 was found to be p-type and ranged in resistivity between 0.1 and 0.5 ohm cm. A stainless steel reactor was designed and fabricated to perform the SiF/sub 4/-Na reaction under P/sub SiF/sub 4// greater than 1 atmosphere. The amount of silicon produced was increased from 25 g per …

The primary objective of the studies described is to obtain the requisite data, with respect to modeling requirements, to characterize thermal performance of heat sinks for nuclear facilities existing at elevated water temperatures in result of experiencing a genuinely large heat load and responding to meteorological influence. The data should reflect thermal performance for combinations leading to worst-case meteorological influence. A geothermal water retention basin has been chosen as the site for the first measurement program and data have been obtained in the first of several experiments scheduled to be performed there. These data illustrate the thermal and water budgets during episodes of cooling from an initially high pond water bulk temperature. Monitoring proceeded while the pond experienced only meteorological and seepage influence. The data are discussed and are presented as a data volume which may be used for calculation purposes. Suggestions for future measurement programs are stated with the intent to maintain and improve relevance to nuclear ultimate heat sinks while continuing to examine the performance of the analog geothermal pond. It is further suggested that the geothermal pond, with some modification, may be a suitable site for spray pond measurements.

The work reported includes the development of unit processes and equipment for reprocessing of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) fuel, the design and development of an integrated pilot line to demonstrate the head end of HTGR reprocessing using unirradiated fuel materials, and design work in support of Hot Engineering Tests (HET). Work is also described on trade-off studies concerning the required design of facilities and equipment for the large-scale recycle of HTGR fuels in order to guide the development activities for HTGR fuel recycle.

This document is a collection of procedures for fabrication, assembly, and testing of a PCP III multisection ionization chamber (Q-2633) for reactor control.

This document describes the radiological improvement program (RIP) to be undertaken by Rockwell Hanford Operations during calendar year 1978. Actions taken in each facility to reduce exposure and to implement the Company's policy to conduct operations in a manner that assures radiation exposures to employees are maintained at the lowest levels reasonably achievable.

Passive stabilization, associated with the mutual inductances of the field shaping coils with the plasma and with each other, can stabilize the axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic instability in the Princeton Poloidal Divertor Experiment device that was observed in earlier numerical studies.

Several XAD resins, two of their chemically modified derivatives, and two carbon absorbents were evaluated by measurement of distribution coefficients using the batch method. Numerical comparison of distribution data and graphical interpretation of these resins were also presented. The distribution differences were explained in terms of resin structure and solvent compositions. Naphthalene was the solute for the study, and methanol the solvent. It was found that Spherocarb, a newly developed carbon adsorbent, had very large distribution coefficient. However, in the application for separation, desorption can conceivably be a problem. Distribution data collected can be a valuable aid in the choice of adsorbent, solvent composition and other operating conditions in separation work.

The scenario of toroidal plasma start-up with microwave initiation and heating near the electron cyclotron frequency is suggested and examined here. We assume microwave irradiation from the high field side and an anomalously large absorption of the extraordinary waves near the upper hybrid resonance. The dominant electron energy losses are assumed to be due to magnetic field curvature and parallel drifts, ionization of neutrals, cooling by ions, and radiation by low Z impurities. It is shown by particle and energy balance considerations that electron temperatures around 250 eV and densities of 10/sup 12/ to 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ can be maintained, at least in a narrow region near the upper hybrid resonance, with modest microwave powers in the Impurity Study Experiment (ISX) (120 kW at 28 GHz) and The Next Step (TNS) (0.57 MW at 120 GHz). The loop voltages required for start-up from these initial plasmas are also estimated. It is shown that the loop voltage can be reduced by a factor of five to ten from that for unassisted start-up without an increase in the resistive loss in volt-seconds. If this reduction in loop voltage is verified in the ISX experiments, substantial savings in the cost of power …