Monthly magazine discussing natural resources, parks, hunting and fishing, and other information related to the outdoors in Texas.

Monthly report of the U.S. Geological Survey's trace element investigations including an outline of field work, laboratory work, and staff activities that have been completed or are in process.

This report is a study of major wartime and immediate postwar developments in the industrialization of the Pacific Coast States.

Abstract: "A theoretical and experimental investigation is made of the diffraction pattern produced by a slit, whose aperture varies uniformly from a constant value A to zero. The results of this investigation are applied to a proposed high speed camera. It is shown that diffraction effects are very serious and cannot be neglected. It seems, unless the suggested design of this high speed camera is changed, the camera will be of little use for accurate measurements, and photographs will show too much blue to give details."

The following report summarizes research done on dissolving uranium from phosphate rock and superphosphate and recovering it from solution in a more concentrated form.

The following document is a compilation of quarterly reports from August 1946 to November of 1947 from the Biology Division of the University of Chicago.

Report describing an updated method to determine traces of metals under polarographic studies, which operates at a higher cathode current density with a small area of the anode immersed in the solution where an appreciable quantity of iron was present in the solutions that were to be polarographed. The results of these studies are also presented.

The following report covers the literature available in the Battelle library as well as the Atomic Energy Commission (New York, N.Y.) on the processing of monazite sands for thorium and rare earth contents.

This report for November, 1947 describes progress regarding chemical work on shales and organic precipitants for uranium.

This is a progress report on the work of ore tressing and pyrometallurgical studies as well as a study of chemical work on phosphates. This report covers the month of November, 1947.

Report presenting the properties and method of preparation of zirconium nitride, a compound that was being considered for use in high temperatures due to its high melting point and hardness.

Report discussing experiments to "determine the empirical relation, if any, between the nitrogen, carbon, and density of recast uranium metal."

None

None

The year 1947 has witnessed the dawn of a new era of atomic science, a flowering of fundamental knowledge of the nature of matter which appears to be unsurpassed even by that period of the 1930's which led to the age of plutonium. A great new cyclotron, an atom-smasher ten times more powerful than the one which brought plutonium into the world, has carried mankind over a new horizon of sub-atomic space. It has brought scientists at last to grips with the infinitely small and rapid forces, until now beyond reach, which operate within the incredibly tiny distances of nuclear space. On the new energy frontier created by the giant machine, now laws govern nuclear reactions. methods are at hand, heretofore unavailable, which permit the measurement and determination of the nature of sub-atomic forces. Under ultra-high energy bombardment, the nucleus presents a different appearance from the nucleus of Bohr and Rutherford, the nucleus of atomic energy fission. The new exploration of the atom has been sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission with the giant, new 4000-ton cyclotron in the Radiation Laboratory of the University of California. This is the thirdmajor machine built by the Director of the Laboratory and inventor …

The excitation curve for the reaction C{sup 12}(n,2n)C{sup 11} has been calculated for energies up to 100 Mev. The calculations were done as described in the preceding letter for the similar reaction of C{sup 12} under proton bombardment. The results of the calculations for 50% charge exchange are shown in Figure 1. The calculated cross section for the reaction at 90 Mev is: .011 barns for 100% charge exchange and .013 barns for 50% charge exchange. The experimental value is 0.025 {+-} .004 barns. The ratio of the cross section of the reaction C{sup 12}(pnpn)C{sup 11} to the cross section of the above reaction at 90 Mev is 5.8 for 100% charge exchange and 3.8 for 50% charge exchange. The experimental ratio is 2.7 at 90 Mev. This difference in cross sections between the two reactions is established by two factors. Firstly, there is the part played by charge exchange in the C{sup 12}(pnpn)C{sup 11} reaction which leads to excited N{sup 12} with the subsequent boiling off of a proton, while a similar exchange process cannot take place for the C{sup 12}(n2n)C{sup 11} reaction. Secondly, there is the difference between the contributions of the knock out process as a result …

A 1,000 Mev synchrotron is under construction. The magnet will be a ring magnet containing about 900 tons of steel. The plates are of 1.2 inch steel with a 0.1 percent carbon content. A diagram of the cross section of this magnet is given in Figure 1. The design of the vacuum chmnber presents some difficulties since the space behind the gap is not large enough to permit easy access to the windings and to the vacuum space behind the gap. The field strength at the gap is 15,000 gauss with a 1 sec. rise time. A d.c. generator of 1,000 v and 10,000 amps and a flywheel will be used to energize the magnet and store the energy. Plans for the vacuum system are not complete, but probably a porcelain system will be used. This will reduce the gap quite considerably. It is planned to inject at 3,000 volts. The energy added to be about 200 ev per revolution. The frequency range is 250 kc/sec to 10 mc/sec; the power required is 10 Kw. A diagrammatic view of the electrical arrangement of the r.f. system is given.The variable inductance is a coil tipped at variable pitch into a pool …

All errors due to diffraction effects in a neutron attenuation experiment are computed. Also a special experiment to measure the forward intensity of diffracted neutrons from lead and copper is described, and the results given. These agree with the theoretical values.

This summary discusses the following topics: (1) Neutron Scattering. By R. Hildebrand. A series of measurements have been made of the angular distribution of neutrons scattered from small spheres of various materials placed in the neutron beam of the l84-inch cyclotron. The scattered neutrons were detected by copper covered carbon detectors placed in a symmetrical arrangement about the scatterer. The carbon detectors, which wore activated by the neutrons through the C{sup 12}(n, 2n)C{sup 11} reaction, were counted using an arrangement involving four counting tubes. The copper around the detectors served the purpose of stopping any protons. A carbon disk monitor was placed at the collimating channel in the cyclotron shield. This disk Was also counted by the same arrangement. (2) Electrical Resistance of the Blood. By R. Rosenthal. It has been found that animals exposed to total body irradiation developed in their blood an anti-coagulant called heparin. This substance, which can be produced synthetically, has the property of prolonging the clotting time of the blood. In an article which appeared in 'Science' some work was reported on the variation of the electrical resistance of the blood with the amount of heparin present, If some simple relationship could be found between …

The angular distribution of the recoil protons in neutron-proton scattering at 90 Mev has been measured for angles between 5{sup o} and 65{sup o} from the direction of the neutron beam. The neutrons were produced by stripping 190 Mev deuterons in a 1/2 inch Be target in the 184-inch F.M. cyclotron. R. Serber has calculated the neutron energy distribution; it has a peak at 90 Mev and a half width of 27 Mev. This distributiQn has been checked experimentally for the neutrons by Wilson Powell and by W.Chupp, E.Gardner, and T.B.Taylor for the protons also produced by stripping. The neutrons were collimated by a two-inch hole through 8 feet of concrete. Thin paraffin scatters of known hydrogen and carbon content were used; the number of protons arising from neutron-carbon and neutron-air reactions was determined by using pure carbon scatters and by making blank runs. The scatters were placed in the beam outside of the concrete shielding at a point approximately 52 feet from the cyclotron target. The scattered protons were detected by a telescope of four proportional counters used in coincidence, and set at a constant distance from the scatterer but at a varying angle from the neutron beam. A …

The participation of phosphorus in biological oxidation-reduction reactions of the type found in glycolysis ADP {ne} PO{sub 4}H{sup -} + 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde + DPN{sup +} = 3-phosphoglycerate{sup -} + 2H{sup +} + DPHN + ATP has suggested theories in which similar reactions are proposed for photosynthesis. In these theories the reducing power of photosynthesis is utilized not only for reduction of carbon dioxide but also, by means of coupled oxidations, for the generation of high-energy phosphate bonds, or in the last reference directly for the generation of high-energy phosphate. Since in these theories acyl phosphate is formed from inorganic phosphate, they are amenable to proof without isolation of particular intermediates, by means of radioactive phosphorus. It would be expected that the rate of conversion of inorganic phosphate to organic phosphate would be greater in light than in the dark. They have investigated this possibility under a variety of conditions and are unable to substantiate the theories.

None

Chupp and McMillan have recently measured the excitation curve for the reaction C{sup 12}(pnpn)C{sup 11} at high energies. Using the model of the nucleus described by Serber, the excitation curve of the above reaction has been calculated for energies up to 100 Mev. The excitation of the nucleus is determined on the basis that the incident proton makes individual collisions with the nucleons, the transferred energy exciting the nucleus. n-p collisions are taken to be three times more probable than n-n or p-p collisions. Charge exchange is assumed. The calculations were made for both 50% and 100% charge exchange. The decay of the excited nucleus is treated by the usual evaporation mode.

None