Annual report of the Texas Youth Commission describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal year 1993.

Monthly report providing tabular statistical information about motor vehicle accidents in Texas during 1993, with data broken out by various criteria including number of persons, locations, types of accidents, time of day, and other factors.

Annual report compiling information about required groundwater monitoring activities and cases of contamination by state-regulated activities during the YYYY calendar year. Includes tables with the enforcement status of each case of contamination.

Monthly report providing tabular statistical information about motor vehicle accidents in rural areas of Texas during 1993, with data broken out by various criteria including number of persons, locations, types of accidents, time of day, and other factors.

A report titled "North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts strategic planning survey," prepared by James J. Glass and Charldean Newell, that describes the planning, implementation, and results of a NTIEVA planning survey.

Report on the Glen Maxey Roast from the Lesbian/Gay Rights Lobby. Containing information about the planning of the event.

The work of the five staff members is presented individually in turn. (1) Nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamics and its implication for phenomena involving nucleon structure, nuclear structure, and relativistic heavy-ion collisions. (2) Symmetries and the connection of the quark-gluon description of nucleons and nuclei with the nucleon-meson degrees of freedom-parity nonconservation, time reversal invariance, chiral symmetry and charge symmetry, QCD sum rules. (3) The relation between nuclear physics and quantum chromodynamics-physics of color transparency, fundamental symmetries, physics of confinement and hadronic form factors, EMC effect. (4) Chirally invariant chromo-dielectric soliton model, many-nucleon system in models of QCD, flux tube dynamics, {anti p}-p to {anti {Lambda}}-{Lambda} and {anti {Lambda}}-{Sigma} collisions, isotopic effects in atomic parity nonconservation, quantum molecular dynamics. (5) Numerical work related to lattice QCD simulations, and analytical work related to model studies of hadronic phenomenology and the development and understanding of new methods.

Grain boundary diffusion coefficients of {sup 57}Co and {sup 59}Co in polycrys. NiO, NiO bicrystal, and polycrys. Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} were determined at various oxygen pressures at 750 C. For NiO, the low oxygen pressure region (<10{sup {minus}10} MPa) displayed constant grain boundary diffusion coefficients as the oxygen pressure decreased, indicating an extrinsic region in which the impurity-induced defects dominated the intrinsic defects. At greater oxygen pressures, the intrinsic defects (Ni vacancies) dominated the extrinsic defects, causing the diffusion to increase with pressure. For Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}, at low oxygen pressures (<10{sup {minus}16} MPa), the grain boundary diffusion coefficient increased when the pressure decreased, owing to interstitial type diffusion; at >10{sup {minus}15} MPa, the diffusion increased with pressure, owing to vacancy type diffusion. D{sub gb} of Co ions in Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} is proportional to pO{sub 2}{sup {minus}2/3} in the low pressure region and to pO{sub 2}{sup 2/3} in the high pressure region, indicating similar mechanisms in the grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion. Ratio of D{sub gb}/D was about 10{sup 3}.

The Fischer-Tropsch process has attracted a great deal of attention in terms of catalytic activity and selectivity to produce higher number hydrocarbons by reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high pressures in the presence of catalysts. Shortly after the initial discovery, Fischer and Tropsch developed more active catalysts for indirect liquefaction. The product distribution resulting from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) varies widely depending upon the catalysts, the temperature and pressure of reactions, pretreatment conditions, etc. It is desirable to improve the selectivity while maintaining the activity intact. One approach to achieve this task is the addition of promoters such as oxides of K, Mn, Ti, Mo, Ni, and Co, etc. It was observed that most of these promoted catalysts exhibit an increase in selectivity to higher hydrocarbons. For example, the addition of thoria as a promoter to cobalt-kieselguhr catalysts resulted in an enhanced yield of C{sub 5}{sup +} hydrocarbons. Even a small amount of thoria promoter ({approximately}0.4 wt %) addition to Co/ZSM-5 causes a remarkable increase in the conversion, shift activity, and C{sub 5}{sup +} selectivity. Thoria added as a promoter to a precipitated iron oxide catalyst appears to decrease wax selectivity. It is generally believed that the factors such …

The high temperature oxidation of char is of interest in a number of applications in which coal must be burned in confined spaces. The temperature of char particle burning is the product of a strongly coupled balance between particle size and physical properties, heat transfer, surface reactivity, CO/CO{sub 2} ratio and gas phase diffusion in the surrounding boundary layer and within the particle. In addition to the effects of particle temperature on burning rate, it has major effects on ash properties and mineral matter vaporization. Measurements of the temperature of individual burning char particles have become available in recent years and have clearly demonstrated large particle-to-particle temperature variations which depend strongly on particle size and on particle composition. These studies, done with pulverized coal, can not determine the CO/CO{sub 2} ratio produced at the char surface or the catalytic effects of mineral matter in the individual char particles. Consequently, it has generally been assumed that CO is the only product of the carbon-oxygen reaction and that CO{sub 2} is formed by subsequent gas phase reaction. More recent work, however, has pointed out the need to take CO{sub 2} production into consideration in order to account for observed particle temperatures.

During this period, the following projects were completed: structural invariance of purely strained planar premixed flames, thermophoretic effects on seeding particles in LDV measurements, analysis of geometry of Bunsen flames, flame propagation in periodic flow fields, adiabatic flame stabilization, and chain-thermal theory of flame extinction.

Current research programs at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory are presented. The topics include: the genetic basis for breast cancer, the Advanced Light Source, selenium characterization in soils via x-ray absorption spectroscopy, automated colony sorting in efforts of map the human genome, cancer drugs, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), atomic force microscopes (AFM), mapping the radon risk in homes, ketene research, tracking B mesons and the search for the top quark, computerized scientific visualization, technology transfer efforts, and astronomy in the classroom.

This report presents field results and raw data from the Buried Waste Integrated Demonstration (BWID) Arc Melter Vitrification Project Phase 1 baseline test series conducted by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM). The baseline test series was conducted using the electric arc melter facility at the USBM Albany Research Center in Albany, Oregon. Five different surrogate waste feed mixtures were tested that simulated thermally-oxidized, buried, TRU-contaminated, mixed wastes and soils present at the INEL. The USBM Arc Furnace Integrated Waste Processing Test Facility includes a continuous feed system, the arc melting furnace, an offgas control system, and utilities. The melter is a sealed, 3-phase alternating current (ac) furnace approximately 2 m high and 1.3 m wide. The furnace has a capacity of 1 metric ton of steel and can process as much as 1,500 lb/h of soil-type waste materials. The surrogate feed materials included five mixtures designed to simulate incinerated TRU-contaminated buried waste materials mixed with INEL soil. Process samples, melter system operations data and offgas composition data were obtained during the baseline tests to evaluate the melter performance and meet test objectives. Samples and data gathered during this program included …

Experiments were performed on equilibrium adsorption of probes (2-methyl-1-pentanol (2M1P), 1-heptanol, benzene, toluene) on 60-200 mesh Illinois 6 coal, Adaville 1 coal, Wyodak coal, and Pittsburgh 8 coal. Equil. loadings of toluene are higher than those of benzene on the 4 coals. The aromatics (tolene, benzene) obey the Langmuir isotherm model for single-layer adsorption up to 100 ppM. Loadings of 2M1P and 1-heptanol do not follow both the Langmuir and the Freundlich empirical model. Flotation of the coals, equilibrated with aq. solns. of 2M1P and 1-heptanol, increase linearly with Equil. loadings. Equil. adsorption loadings of 1-heptanol on Illinois 6 coal increase with decreased adsorption temperature.

A numerical model, TOUGH2, was selected for describing liquid- and gas-phase flow in the unsaturated tuff underlying the TA-73 landfill. The model was selected primarily for its ability to simulate the significant mechanisms that may affect transport of contaminants through the vadose zone at the TA-73 landfill, including non-isothermal flow through fractured media. TOUGH2 is the best documented, verified, and validated model capable of performing the required simulations. The sensitivity analyses that were performed and describes in this report identified the input parameters that the selected numerical model is most sensitive to. The input parameters analyzed were saturated hydraulic conductivity, van Genuchten {alpha} and n, residual and saturated moisture contents, infiltration rate, fracture spacing and permeability, atmospheric pressure, and temperature. The sensitivity analyses were performed using a model grid that was designed to incorporate the regions in the landfill vicinity where contaminant transport is likely to occur and where the physical processes affecting flow and transport are the most dynamic. The sensitivity analyses performed suggest that the model is quite sensitive to a number of input parameters, including saturated hydraulic conductivity, the van Genuchten parameters {alpha} and n (for both the tuff matrix and fractures), fracture density and aperture, and …

For nominal GBI and SBI cost parameters GNIs are preferred for missile ranges under {approx} 1.000 km; for multiple theaters breakeven ranges decreases to {approx} 500 km. Penalties for using GBIs rather than SBIs for long-range missiles are {approx} factor of 2; penalties for using SBIs for short-range missiles an be larger.

The equipment is described: CDA test cell, data acquisition, thermocouple, etc.

The principal objectives of this project are to discover and evaluate novel heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of syngas to oxygenates having use as fuel enhancers, to explore novel reactor and process concepts applicable in this process, and to develop the best total process for converting syngas to liquid fuels. The project is being pursued as two concurrent tasks. Task 1 involves catalyst research and development and is being largely conducted by catalyst chemists and analytical specialists. Task 2 is largely an engineering activity, and includes process conceptualization and economics and bench-scale process evaluation of systems developed in Task 1. Our current targets for isobutanol-producing catalysts are to produce a 50/50 split in selectivity between methanol and iso-butanol, a productivity for isobutanol of >50 g/Kg-hr and an overall process conversion of 40%. We have continued to study how preparation variables affect the catalysts` chemical and physical properties.

Brilliant kill packages with existing booster technology, warning, and command and control could produce interceptors that could reduce the effectiveness of theater attacks in the boost phase.

This report describes a geophysical survey performed at the Hanford Reservation. The objective of the survey was to locate subsurface obstructions that may affect cone penetrometer work at site CPT-4, adjacent to and west of borehole 299-W18-252, Figure 1. Based upon the results of the survey, possible ``drill sites`` within the zone, with the least likelihood of encountering identified obstructions, were identified.

An Eulerian two-fluid mathematical model is considered for the flow prediction of gas-particle systems. The model expands on the Sinclair and Jackson model by recognizing a turbulent continuous phase. Both the gas- and the particle-phase velocity fields are composed of by a mean and a fluctuating component, and the important physical phenomena arising from the interaction of these components are included in the model. The gas turbulence is modeled by a single-phase closure, namely the k-{var_epsilon} low Reynolds model by Myong and Kasagi, modified to account for the presence of a dilute particle phase. The solid phase is considered as a rapid granular flow; hence, a closure based on the kinetic-theory analogy is used for the description of the stresses associated with this phase. Along with the relation between the fluxes of both phases and the pressure drop, the model is capable of predicting features related to the local flow structure, such as the mean and fluctuating velocity components and the concentration of both phases. In this report, the model is applied to the case of steady, fully developed flow in a vertical cylindrical pipe. An extensive comparison of the model predictions with experimental data is included. The sensitivity of …

Testing on the CPR using Pitt No. 8 coal was completed this quarter. Combustion characteristics of this coal required combustion to take place at an air/fuel equivalence ration of 0.75 (fuel-rich) in order to maintain a stable flame. The reason for this difficulty in burning at higher equivalence ratios is still under investigation. Flame symmetry was established during testing using suction pyrometer measurements, and was checked at various times throughout the test. Repeatability measurements were also made. These tests showed that running on coal for four hours after warm up was necessary to ensure constant wall temperatures. The PCSV-P was used to measure radial profiles of velocities and number density distributions for particles between 0.4 and 98 microns at three axial locations in the CPR. The particle velocities were measured as the average small particle (0.4-3.5 micron) and large particle (3.5-98 micron) velocities. The analysis of the data taken during these tests has not been completed. The coal feed system was revised again before testing. The Acrison auger feeder used to deliver the coal was calibrated according to the armature setting on the feeder motor. Variability and repeatability of this method were established by taking several manual measurements over and …

The research program is involved with the area of solid/liquid separation including sedimentation, thickening, cake filtration, centrifugation, expression, washing, deep-bed filtration, screening, and membrane separation. Objective is the unification of theoretical approaches to solid/liquid separations. The research is divided according to: Centrifugation, cake filtration, sedimentation/thickening, and optimization studies (tubular arrangements in candle filters; maximizing filtration rates with filter aids).

The Task Force on Radioactive Waste Management was created in April 1991 by former Secretary James D. Watkins, who asked the group to analyze the critical institutional question of how the Department of Energy (DOE) might strengthen public trust and confidence in the civilian radioactive waste management program. The panel met eight times over a period of 27 months and heard formal presentations from nearly 100 representatives of state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and senior DOE Headquarters and Field Office managers. The group also commissioned a variety of studies from independent experts, contracted with the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Public Administration to hold workshops on designing and leading trust-evoking organizations, and carried out one survey of parties affected by the Department`s radioactive waste management activities and a second one of DOE employees and contractors.