A number of issues for the design of trigger processors at future high-luminosity, high-energy colliders such as the Superconducting Super Collider and the Large Hadron Collider are discussed.

A Photovoltaic Metallization Research Forum, under the sponsorship of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Flat-Plate Solar Array Project and the US Department of Energy, was held March 16-18, 1983 at Pine Mountain, Georgia. The Forum consisted of five sessions, covering (1) the current status of metallization systems, (2) system design, (3) thick-film metallization, (4) advanced techniques and (5) future metallization challenges. Twenty-three papers were presented.

The goal of Hadron Spectroscopy is to find the spectrum of states formed by color singlet arrangements of quarks and gluons. Ideally these spectral states are associated with poles of the scattering matrix of hadrons which are the decay channels of the states. For example the {rho} meson is the lowest q{bar q} s-wave, spin one color singlet state and decays into {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}. Since the {rho}decays in a relative p-wave, one finds the {rho} pole in the I = 1 p-wave {pi}{pi} phase shifts. There are forces between quarks and gluons which do not manifest themselves as true resonances and thus cannot be described by a Breit-Wigner pole. I will give some examples that are not Breit-Wigner poles of the scattering matrix but are important bumps in meson production. 22 refs., 10 figs.

I review some recent theoretical issues relevant to the physics of hadron-hadron collisions. I discuss processes where either energy or luminosity is the most important feature and emphasize the need for experiments at luminosities of 10{sup 33}cm{sup -2}sec{sup 1} if the full range of physics options is to be thoroughly explored. 22 refs., 10 figs.

Ferritic steels have been receiving significant attention for possible use as steam generator tubing, and as alternate structural materials for liquid-metal heat-transport systems in commercial fast reactors, fusion reactors, etc. The materials are chosen on the basis of their high thermal conductivity, resistance to stress-corrosion-cracking in aqueous and steam environments, favorable fabricability and fairly low cost. These steels are available in several classes based on the microstructure and alloy content, viz., martensitics, bainitics, delta ferritics, and duplex steels. The low alloy bainitic steels (Fe-2-1/4Cr-1Mo) undergo extensive decarburization when exposed to high temperature flowing sodium. It is for this reason that ferritic steels with higher chromium (9 to 12% Cr) content have been proposed to minimize the carbon transfer and eventual degradation of mechanical properties. The martensitic steels, HT-9 and improved Fe9Cr1Mo are being considered as cladding/duct materials for liquid metal reactors (LMR). The alloy HT-9 is based on 12Cr1Mo composition. The improved Fe9Cr1Mo alloy is based on 9Cr1Mo composition as its name implies. The objective of the work reported here is to evaluate the sodium compatibility of the alloys at temperatures and flow rates typical of LMR cores. Testing was done for 8104 hours at 60/sup 0/C and 3992 hours …

Vacuum ultraviolet laser absorption spectroscopy has been employed to measure the populations and temperatures of ground electronic state H-atoms and vibrationally-excited H{sub 2} molecules in a volume H{sup -} ion source. Measurements of both species have been made under a variety of discharge conditions. Vibrational levels to v{double prime}=8 have been measured, with the vibrational population distribution well described by a temperature of 4150K. 10 refs., 9 figs.

We present for the first time, the self-consistent solution of the two-dimensional, time-dependent equations of radiation-hydrodynamics governing the accretion of matter onto the highly magnetized polar caps of luminous x-ray pulsars. The calculations show a structure in the accretion column very different from previous one-zone uniform models. We have included all the relevant magnetic field corrections to both the hydrodynamics and the radiative transport. We include a new theory for the diffusion and advection of both radiation energy density and photon number density. For initially uniformly accreting models with super-Eddington flows, we have uncovered evidence of strong radiation-driven outflowing optically thin radiation filled regions of the accretion column embedded in optically-thick inflowing plasma. The development of these photon bubbles'' have growth times on the order of a millisecond and show fluctuations on sub-millisecond timescales. The photon bubbles are likely to be a consequence of convective over-stability and may result in observable fluctuations in the emitted luminosity leading to luminosity dependent changes in the pulse profile. This may provide important new diagnostics for conditions in accreting x-ray pulsars. 13 refs., 18 figs.

Diff(S/sup 1/), the group of reparametrizations of the circle, is known as the Virasoro group in string theory. Reparametrizations keeping fixed a point of the circle form the quotient space Diff(S/sup 1/)S/sup 1/. The geometry of this space is relevant for string theory and string field theory. We describe this space as an infinite dimensional complex manifold with a Kaehler metric and compute ist Riemann tensor and its Ricci tensor. 7 refs

We investigate the implications of rapid rotation corresponding to the frequency of the new pulsar reported in the supernovae remnant SN1987A. It places very stringent conditions on the equation of state if the star is assumed to be bound by gravity alone. We find that the central energy density of the star must be greater than 13 times that of nuclear density to be stable against the most optimistic estimate of general relativistic instabilities. This is too high for the matter to consist of individual hadrons. We conclude that it is implausible that the newly discovered pulsar, if its half-millisecond signals are attributable to rotation, is a neutron star. We show that it can be a strange quark star, and that the entire family of strange stars can sustain high rotation if strange matter is stable at an energy density exceeding about 5.4 times that of nuclear matter. We discuss the conversion of a neutron star to strange star, the possible existence of a crust of heavy ions held in suspension by centrifugal and electric forces, the cooling and other features. 34 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

A major challenge for laser fusion is the study of the symmetry and the hydrodynamic stability of imploding fuel capsules. Streaked x-radiography, in one space and one time dimension, does not provide sufficient information. Two (spatial) dimensional frames of 10 to 100 ps duration are required with good image quality, minimum geometrical distortion (approximately 1%), dynamic range greater than 1000 and greater than 200 x 200 pixels. A gated transmission line imager (TLI) can meet these requirements with frame times between 30 and 100 ps. An instrument of this type is now being developed. Progress on this instrument including theory of operation, ultrafast pulse generation and propagation, component integration, and high resolution phosphor screen development are presented.

This document contains the proceeding of a Workshop on Facility Design that was held between the United States Department of Energy and the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October 27--29, 1986. The intention of the workshop was to display relevant design criteria and to demonstrate for various US and UK facilities, current and projected criteria and how these criteria have been satisfied by facility design. Specific examples concern small plants, large plants, and waste stores.

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements have been made on deformed polycrystal palladium samples with and without deuterium dissolved in the solution phase ({alpha}) at room temperature. Concentrations were held constant during SANS experiments by an equilibrium gas pressure cell. The difference scattering cross section for the same sample with and without deuterium loading has a 1/Q behavior (Q=4{pi}/{lambda} sin{theta}/2) at intermediate values of Q. At very low values of Q the dependence is much stronger than 1/Q. The 1/Q behavior is attributed to deuterium trapping close to long dislocation cores forming rod-like scattering structures.

I review the progress made during the last year in lattice calculations of weak and electromagnetic amplitudes. 32 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

First, a review is given of various highly-developed techniques for particle handling which are, nevertheless, being vigorously advanced at the present time. These include soft superconductor radio frequency cavities, hard superconductor magnets, cooling rings for ions and anti-protons, and damping rings for electrons. Second, attention is focused upon novel devices for particle generation, acceleration, and focusing. These include relativistic klystrons and free electron laser power sources, binary power multipliers, photocathodes, switched-power linacs, plasma beat-wave accelerators, plasma wake-field accelerators, plasma lenses, plasma adiabatic focusers and plasma compensators. 12 refs.

An overview of the continuum regularization program is given. The program is traced from its roots in stochastic quantization, with emphasis on the examples of regularized gauge theory, the regularized general nonlinear sigma model and regularized quantum gravity. In its coordinate-invariant form, the regularization is seen as entirely geometric: only the supermetric on field deformations is regularized, and the prescription provides universal nonperturbative invariant continuum regularization across all quantum field theory. 54 refs.

The linearized drift kinetic equation is solved numerically to obtain the Onsager transport matrix for a three-dimensional toroidal plasma confinement geometry. Local transport coefficients relating the cross-field fluxes to the thermodynamic forces are computed as continuous functions of the collision frequency. In particular, in the low-collision-frequency regime (..nu.. < ..omega../sub b/), the transport resulting from the nonconservation of the longitudinal adiabatic invariant J (due to particle transitions from helically trapped to toroidally trapped) is obtained. The boundary layer in velocity space resulting from these transition particles can be accurately treated using a Legendre polynomial representation for the pitch angle dependence of the distribution function. Magnetic coordinates are used so that finite-beta effects are included. The disparity in the time scales between collisionless particle orbits and collisional dynamics is treated efficiently to obtain steady-state fluxes and viscosity coefficients. This yields significant improvements in the precision and computational effort in comparison with Monte Carlo methods. The effect of a radial electric field in the ..nu.. < ..omega../sub D/ regime is studied. Applications to Advanced Transition Facility (ATF) and heliac configurations are given.

The microwave transmission system for ERCH on MFTF-B will utilize quasi-optical transmission techniques. The system consists of ten gyrotron oscillators: two gyrotrons at 28 GHz, two at 35 GHz, and six at 56 GHz. The 28 and 35 GHz gyrotrons both heat the electrons in the end plug (potential peak) while the 56 GHz sources heat the minimum-B anchor region (potential minimum). Microwaves are launched into a pair of cylindrical mirrors that form a pseudo-cavity which directs the microwaves through the plasma numerous times before they are lost out of the cavity. The cavity allows the microwave beam to reach the resonance zone over a wide range of plasma densities and temperatures. The fundamental electron cyclotron resonance moves to higher axial positions as a result of beta-depression of the magnetic field, doppler shifting of the resonance, and relativistic mass corrections for the electrons. With this system the microwave beam will reach the resonance surface at the correct angle of incidence for any density or temperature without active aiming of the antennas. The cavity also allows the beam to make multiple passes through the plasma to increase the heating efficiency at low temperatures and densities when the single pass absorption is …

H/sup -/ ions formed by volume processes have been extracted from a multicusp ion source. It is shown that a permanent magnet filter together with a small positive bias voltage on the plasma grid can produce a very significant reduction in electron drain as well as a sizable increase in H/sup -/ ions available for extraction. A further reduction in electron current is achieved by installing a pair of small magnets at the extraction aperture. An H/sup -/ ion current density of 38 mA/cm/sup 2/ was obtained with a discharge current of approximately 350 A. Different techniques to increase the H/sup -/ ion yield have also been investigated.

This paper presents new theoretical results for rotational population patterns in the nuclear SQUID effect. (The term nuclear SQUID is in analogy to the solid-state Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices.) The SQUID effect is an interesting new twist to an old quest to understand Coriolis anti-pairing (CAP) effects in nuclear rotational bands. Two-neutron transfer reaction cross sections among high-spin states have long been touted as more specific CAP probes than other nuclear properties. Heavy projectiles like Sn or Pb generally are recommended to pump the deformed nucleus to as high spin as possible for transfer. The interference and sign reversal of 2n transfer amplitudes at high spin, as predicted in the early SQUID work imposes the difficult requirement of Coulomb pumping to near back-bending spins at closest approach. For Pb on rare earths we find a dramatic departure from sudden-approximation, so that the population depression occurs as low as final spin 10h. 14 refs., 8 figs.

A Hamiltonian approach to plasma dynamics has numerous advantages over equivalent formulations which ignore the underlying Hamiltonian structure. In addition to achieving a deeper understanding of processes, Hamiltonian methods yield concise expressions (such as the Kubo form for linear susceptibility), greatly shorten the length of calculations, expose relationships (such as between the ponderomotive Hamiltonian and the linear susceptibility), determine invariants in terms of symmetry operations, and cover situations of great generality. In addition, they yield the Poincare invariants, in particular Liouville volume and adiabatic actions.

One of the primary objectives of the MFTF-B upgrades is to demonstrate the technology of tritium breeding in a reactor-like configuration. This requires use and processing of tritium, involving an inventory of several hundred grams at the plant. This paper reviews the results of a preliminary assessment of the radiation hazard associated with the handling of tritium. The radiation dose consequences due to tritium release from normal operation and due to postulated accidents on plant personnel and the public were assessed. Maximum credible (probability < 10/sup -3/, but > 10/sup -7//yr) accidental releases were estimated to be 10 gm in the reactor building and 100 gm in the tritium-processing building. Higher probability (> 10/sup -3//yr) accidents or component failures would result in much smaller releases. In the reactor building, the most severe accident would result from the rupture of a plasma exhaust duct from the end cell or the tritium feed pipe to the neutral beam injector, accompanied by a fire. In the tritium processing building, the most severe accident would be the rupture of the Isotope Separation System (ISS) distillation columns and vacuum jackets accompanied by a fire.

As part of the Stanford Linear Collider Project, three high-field superconducting solenoid magnets are used to rotate the spin direction of a polarized electron beam. The magnets are installed in a high-radiation environment, where they will receive a dose of approximately 10{sup 3} rad per hour, or 10{sup 8} rad over their lifetimes. This level of radiation and the location in which the magnets are installed, some 10 meters below ground in contiguous tunnels, required careful selection of materials for the construction of the solenoids and their ancillary cryogenic equipment, as well as the development of compatible component designs. This paper describes the materials used and the design of the equipment appropriate for the application. Included are summaries of the physical and mechanical properties of the materials and how they behave when irradiated. 16 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

This paper summarizes the effort to improve the operation of the approx. 1 A surface-production H/sup -/ ion source developed by K.W. Ehlers and K.N. Leung. The plasma chamber consists of a large magnetic bucket of oval cross section. A concave cylindrical converter surface is suspended in the plasma chamber to direct any surface-produced negative ions through the exit aperture. The ion source has been mated to a tetrode accelerator for the proof-of-principle tests. Most of the problems discovered in the tests were associated with difficulties in controlling the production process. This paper describes the plasma chamber in greater detail and illustrates the quality of the presnet ion production. The acceleration difficulties have been deferred until a better test-stand is completed.

In addition to the accumulation of the implanted species, a considerable number of processes can affect the composition of an alloy in the surface region during ion bombardment. Collisions of energetic ions with atoms of the alloy induce local rearrangement of atoms by displacements, replacement sequences and by spontaneous migration and recombination of defects within cascades. Point defects form clusters, voids, dislocation loops and networks. Preferential sputtering of elements changes the composition of the surface. At temperatures sufficient for thermal migration of point defects, radiation-enhanced diffusion promotes alloy component redistribution within and beyond the damage layer. Fluxes of interstitials and vacancies toward the surface and into the interior of the target induce fluxes of alloying elements leading to depth-dependent compositional changes. Moreover, Gibbsian surface segregation may affect the preferential loss of alloy components by sputtering when the kinetics of equilibration of the surface composition becomes competitive with the sputtering rate. Temperature, time, current density and ion energy can be used to influence the individual processes contributing to compositional changes and, thus, produce a rich variety of composition profiles near surfaces. 42 references.