To any order in chiral perturbation theory, the anomalous Wess-Zumino term is shown to generate only chirally invariant counterterms. Explicit examples of 0(p{sub 6}) terms generated by one-loop graphs are given, some of which are relevant to the two-photon decays of {pi}{sup o}, {eta} and {eta}{prime}.

This work describes a number of experimental observations on the structure and behavior of {Sigma}99 and other near-90{degree} <110> tilt boundaries in bicrystals of aluminum. The continuous bicrystal structure employed in these studies is based on the symmetry properties inherent in heteroepitaxial growth. A thin film grown in this geometry consists of intertwined grains surrounding each other but with only two grain orientations.

We present a survey of some of the recent calorimeter applications of silicon detectors. The numerous attractive features of silicon detectors are summarized, with an emphasis on those aspects important to calorimetry. Several of the uses of this technology are summarized and referenced. We consider applications for electromagnetic calorimetry, hadronic calorimetry, and proposals for the SSC.

An article from the High Points Pilot Point ISD newsletter written by Jackie McBroom about the Gee Junior High School and new art program led by the NTIEVA group. At the bottom are pictures of the new teachers.

In contrast to many remedial techniques that simply transfer hazardous wastes from one part of the environment to another (e.g., off-site landfilling), in situ restoration may offer a safe and cost-effective solution through transformation (to less hazardous products) or destruction of recalcitrant organics. Currently, the US Environmental Protection Agency and US Department of Energy are encouraging research that addresses the development of innovative alternatives for hazardous-waste control. One such alternative is biotic and abiotic immobilization and detoxification of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) as associated with the soil humification process. This paper discusses (1) the possibility of using abiotic catalysis (with manganese dioxide) to polymerize organic substances; (2) aspects associated with the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process, and (3) a simple model upon which analyses may be based. 36 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.

National laboratories have limited resources to devote to the transfer of government-funded technologies to the commercial sector. Companies, too, face resource constraints in their attempt to identify and assimilate innovations which fit with their strategic objectives. For these reasons, persons engaged in technology transfer should attempt to identify laboratory developments which represent the best possible match with industry needs and focus their attention on those technologies which are most likely to make and impact in the marketplace. In a structured approach designed to meet this objective, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, which operates Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Department of Energy, has established formal ties with the University of Tennessee Business School, to enhance the role of marketing for technology transfer. The school's MBA students continue to play a key role in the formulation and execution of plans designed to transform Oak Ridge technologies into new products, new jobs, and economic prosperity for US companies.

Experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of thermal cycling and exposure to contamination on solid desiccant materials that may be used in desiccant cooling systems. A test apparatus was used to thermally cycle several desiccant samples and expose them to ambient or contaminated humid air. The source of contamination was cigarette smoke. Six different solid desiccants were tested: two types of silica gel, activated alumina, activated carbon, molecular sieves, and lithium chloride. The exposed desiccant samples were removed after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 11 months of exposure and their moisture capacities were measured. Other tests were conducted to characterize pollutants deposited on the exposed samples or to evaluate impact of exposure on internal structure of the samples. Compared to fresh samples, the capacity loss due to thermal cycling with ambient air was generally 10% to 30%. The capacity loss due to only cigarette smoke was generally between 20% to 50%. 7 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.

Experiment E769 at Fermilab obtained charm hadroproduction data during the 1987-88 Fixed Target running period with a 250 GeV hadron beam incident on thin target foils of Be, Al, Cu, and W. From an analysis of 25% of the recorded 400M trigger sample we have explored the Feynman x, p{sub t}{sup 2} and the atomic number dependence of charm quark production using samples of D{sup +} and D{sup 0} mesons. 7 refs., 4 figs.

The alias method is a Monte Carlo sampling technique that offers significant advantages over more traditional methods. It equals the accuracy of table lookup and the speed of equal probable bins. The original formulation of this method sampled from discrete distributions and was easily extended to histogram distributions. We have extended the method further to applications more germane to Monte Carlo particle transport codes: continuous distributions. This paper presents the alias method as originally derived and our extensions to simple continuous distributions represented by piecewise linear functions. We also present a method to interpolate accurately between distributions tabulated at points other than the point of interest. We present timing studies that demonstrate the method's increased efficiency over table lookup and show further speedup achieved through vectorization. 6 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

The development of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics is described, with emphasis on massively-parallel simulations involving the motion of millions, soon to be billions, of atoms. Corresponding continuum simulations are also discussed. 14 refs., 8 figs.

We have been using the 3d PIC code WARP6 to model the behavior of beams in a heavy ion induction accelerator; such linacs are candidates for an ICF driver. Improvements have been added to the code to model an axially confined beam using comoving axial electric fields to simulate the confining ears'' applied to the accelerating pulses in a real system. We have also added a facility for modeling a beam in a round pipe, applying a capacity matrix to each axial Fourier mode in turn. These additions are described along with results, such as the effect of pipe shape on the beam quality degradation from quadrupole misalignments. 4 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

What is the quantity and composition of material in the Universe This is one of the most fundamental questions we can ask about the Universe, and its answer bears on a number of important issues including the formation of structure in the Universe, and the ultimate fate and the earliest history of the Universe. Moreover, answering this question could lead to the discovery of new particles, as well as shedding light on the nature of the fundamental interactions. At present, only a partial answer is at hand: Most of the material in the Universe does not give off detectable radiation, i.e., is dark;'' the dark matter associated with bright galaxies contributes somewhere between 10% and 30% of the critical density (by comparison luminous matter contributes less than 1%); baryonic matter contributes between 1.1% and 12% of critical. The case for the spatially-flat, Einstein-de Sitter model is supported by three compelling theoretical arguments--structure formation, the temporal Copernican principle, and inflation--and by some observational data. If {Omega} is indeed unity--or even just significantly greater than 0.1--then there is a strong case for a Universe comprised of nonbaryonic matter. There are three well motivated particle dark-matter candidates: an axion of mass 10{sup {minus}6} …

A workshop was sponsored for the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Health and Environmental Research by Pacific Northwest Laboratory, April 4--5, 1990, in Seattle, Washington, to examine the potential role of mass spectrometry in the joint DOE/National Institutes of Health (NIH) Human Genome Program. The workshop was occasioned by recent developments in mass spectrometry that are providing new levels for selectivity, sensitivity, and, in particular, new methods of ionization appropriate for large biopolymers such as DNA. During discussions, three general mass spectrometric approaches to the determination of DNA sequence were considered: (1) the mass spectrometric detection of isotopic labels from DNA sequencing mixtures separated using gel electrophoresis, (2) the direct mass spectrometric analysis from direct ionization of unfractionated sequencing mixtures where the measured mass of the constituents functions to identify and order the base sequence (replacing separation by gel electrophoresis), and (3) an approach in which a single highly charged molecular ion of a large DNA segment produced is rapidly sequenced in an ion cyclotron resonance ion trap. The consensus of the workshop was that, on the basis of the new developments, mass spectrometry has the potential to provide the substantial increases in sequencing speed required for the …

Measurements of baryon magnetic moments have provided important insights into the composition of baryons as well as important constraints for model builders. These measurements show that a simple quark model describes most of the salient features. However, the significant discrepancies have raised fundamental questions about baryon structure and produced a steady stream of theoretical papers. I would like to briefly review the technology for making these measurements, the current state of the measurements, and the near term prospects for improvements. 14 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Experimental methods have been developed for measuring the grain-boundary inventories of radionuclides and for determining whether the UO{sub 2} matrix of spent light-water reactor fuel into individual grains. With the grain boundaries thus exposed, the associated inventories of radionuclides can be completely dissolved and measured. The determine whether the UO{sub 2} matrix of spent fuels dissolves congruently, the fuel grains were placed in a flow-through column and water was pumped through the column at a rate sufficient to maintain the concentration of U in the column effluent far below saturation. Once the grain-boundary material has dissolved, the forward dissolution rate of the UO{sub 2} matrix can be determined. Data obtained to date indicate that the grain-boundary inventories of Cs, Tc, and Sr are approximately equal to gap inventories and that the fractional dissolution rate of Cs from the UO{sub 2} matrix is approximately equal to that of U, i.e., the Cs and U dissolved nearly congruently. In addition, the data appear to show a gradient in the concentrations of Cs and Sr across the individual UO{sub 2} grains. 14 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

Changes in the surface and subsurface compositions of ternary alloys during elevated-temperature sputtering with inert-gas ions were investigated. Theoretically, a comprehensive kinetic model which includes all the basic processes, such as preferential sputtering, displacement mixing, Gibbsian segregation, radiation-enhanced diffusion and radiation-induced segregation, was developed. This phenomenological approach enabled to predict the effects of each individual process or of a combination of processes on the compositional modification in model alloys. Experimentally, measurements of compositional changes at the surface of a Ag-40at%Au -- 20at%Cu alloy during 3-keV Ne{sup +} bombardment at various temperatures were made, using ion scattering spectroscopy. These measurements were interpreted on the basis of the results of theoretical modeling. 8 refs., 2 figs.

We are investigating multiple markers in human breast and bladder cancers. Our aim is to identify markers that are clinically relevant and that contribute to our understanding of the disease process in individual patients. Good markers accurately assess the malignant potential of a cancer in an individual patient. Thus, they help identify those cancers that will recur, and they may be used to predict more accurately time to recurrence, response to treatment, and overall prognosis. Therapy and patient management may then be optimized to the individual patient. Relevant markers reflect the underlying pathobiology of individual tumors. As a tissue undergoes transformation from benign to malignant, the cells lose their differentiated phenotype. As a generalization, the more the cellular phenotype, cellular proliferation and cellular genotype depart from normal, the more advanced is the tumor in its biological evolution and the more likely it is that the patient has a poor prognosis. We use three studies to illustrate our investigation of potential tumor markers. Breast cancers are labeled in vivo with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) to give a direct measure of the tumor labeling index. Bladder cancers are analyzed immunocytochemically using an antibody against proliferation. Finally, the techniques of molecular genetics are used to …

We have estimated the string tension and the masses of the 0{sup ++} and 2{sup ++} glueballs in lattice QCD with 2 light flavours of staggered quarks. In addition we have measured the topological charge and hence susceptibility of our gauge field configurations. The simulations were performed at 6/g{sup 2}=5.6 and quark masses m=0.01 and 0.025 (lattice units) on lattice sizes ranging from 12{sup 4} to 16{sup 4}. 7 refs., 5 figs.

High gain Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets require a highly uniform drive. In the case of direct drive, the inherent non-uniformities in a high-power glass laser beam are large enough to prevent high compression of targets. In recent years two methods for smoothing the laser drive, Induced Spatial Incoherence (ISI) and Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion (SSD), have been proposed. Both methods break the original laser beam up into many beamlets that then interfere at the target to produce an illumination pattern with large instantaneous intensity variations over a wide range of spatial scales. This interferences pattern dances around at the coherence time of the laser and averages out to produce a smooth beam on longer time scales. Indirect drive schemes shine the laser on high-Z material, usually gold, which converts the laser energy into x-rays. The x-rays are then used to drive the target. Non-uniformities in the laser beam can imprint themselves on the emitted x-rays and potentially cause problems, although the spatial transport of the x-rays to the target tends to smooth out these non-uniformities. As a result, ISI and SSD schemes are also being considered for indirect drive laser systems. We address this problem by modeling the effects …

A central problem of particle physics is to determine the composition of hadrons in terms of their fundamental quark and gluon degrees of freedom. The structure of hadronic bound-states in quantum chromodynamics plays a role in virtually every aspect of high energy and weak interaction phenomenology, including jet hadronization, heavy particle production processes at colliders, general exclusive and inclusive reactions, and electro-weak decay matrix-elements. Although the QCD Lagrangian has an elegant simplicity, the structure of its bound state solutions can be extraordinarily rich and complex. In these lectures I will focus on QCD phenomena which reflect the coherence and composition of hadron wave functions as relativistic many--body systems of quark and gluon quanta. 83 refs.

Summarizing an international conference in high energy spin physics is never an easy task, because of the wide-ranging subjects in physics and technology that are involved. I have chosen to organize the topics of this conference into three broad categories relating to spin; intrinsic spin; composite spin; and spin, the experimental tool. In the first category, I will briefly revisit some historical and recent developments to set a background. In the second category, composite spin, I will discuss the status and developments in several areas, including magnetic moments of baryons, hyperon polarization in high energy high p {perpendicular} production, transverse polarization and asymmetries from transversely polarized targets in high p {perpendicular} scattering, spin structure of the proton, and the Bjorken sum rule. In the third category, I will discuss the steady, and at times rapid, progress in spin technology. In this part I include recent progress in high energy facilities, and comment on the highlights of the Workshops.

We discuss the short-range structure of hadronic and nuclear wave functions expected in QCD. In addition to the extrinsic'' contributions associated with radiation from single partons, there is an intrinsic'' hardness of the high-mass fluctuations of the wave function due to the spatial overlap of two or more partons. We argue that intrinsically-hard partons, having large mass and/or large transverse momentum, will dominate in the region of large Feynman x{sub F}. Their rescattering in nuclear targets is expected to be larger than for extrinsically-hard partons, leading to a suppressed production cross section for hadrons scattering on heavy nuclei. Experimental evidence for this exists for open chars. J/{psi}, and {gamma} production at large x{sub F}. The effects of intrinsic hardness may be particularly striking in nuclear wave functions, where the overlap of partons belonging to different nucleons can give rise to cumulative (x > 1) phenomena. The data on backward cumulative particle production from nuclei supports the existence of an intrinsically-hard component in nuclear wave functions. Partons at large x{sub F} may also be associated with the enhanced subthreshold production of particles observed in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. We discuss the evidence for anomalies in the large angle pp {yields} pp …

The conceptual development and analysis of a proposed mixed nitride driver and blanket fuel system for a prototypic advanced liquid metal reactor design has been performed. As a first step, an intensive literature survey was completed on the development and testing of nitride fuel systems. Based on the results of this survey, prototypic mixed nitride fuel and blanket pins were designed and analyzed using the SIEX computer code. The analysis predicted that the nitride fuel consistently operated at peak temperatures and cladding strain levels that compared quite favorably with competing fuel designs. These results, along with data available in the literature on nitride fuel performance, indicate that a nitride fuel system should offer enhanced capabilities for advanced liquid metal reactors. 13 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

Two semi-static dissolution tests using oxidized PWR spent fuel specimens are being conducted under ambient hot cell conditions in Nevada Test Site J-13 well water and unsealed fused silica vessels. The test specimens were oxidized at 250{degree}C in air to bulk oxygen-to-metal (O/M) values of 2.21 and 2.33. Following an initial 191-day test cycle, the specimens were restarted in fresh J-13 water for a second long-term test cycle. Results through the first 40 months of Cycle 2 are compared with results from similar tests at 25{degree}C and 85{degree}C using unoxidized spent fuel specimens. Increased concentrations of U, Am, Cm and NP were measured in 0.4-{mu}m filtered samples from the oxidized fuel tests compared to the unoxidized fuel tested at 25{degree}C; Pu concentrations were not affected by the fuel oxidation state. Most of the Am and Cm, and a portion of the Pu, measured in 0.4-{mu}m filtered samples was removed by 2-nm filtration. Fission product release results were normalized to specimen inventories and reported as fractional release. No attempt was made to normalize the data to surface area. Initial {sup 99}Tc release was greatly increased, and prolonged increases in the fractional release rates of {sup 99}Tc and {sup 129}I occurred as …