Article describes how Machine Translation Post-Editing has emerged as a productivity-enhancing practice in the language service industry, where human editors correct the output of machine translation systems. this research paper aims to assess students' self-efficacy in translation learning, specifically in the context of MTPE, and explore the factor structure, psychometric properties, and internal associations of their self-efficacy.

Article applies Laser Shock Peening with (LSP) and without protective coating (LPwC) to sensitized AA5083 followed by electrochemical analysis.

Article providing a brief review about various approaches of continuous glucose measurement with noninvasive manner. This article covers the state-of-the-art glucose measurement methods and its control mechanism. The study of various consumer products have also been discussed along with the open challenges. This is the Accepted Manuscript version.

A number of novel features of QCD are reviewed, including the consequences of formation zone and color transparency phenomena in hadronic collisions, the use of automatic scale setting for perturbative predictions, null-zone phenomena as a fundamental test of gauge theory, and the relationship of intrinsic heavy colored particle Fock state components to new particle production. We conclude with a review of the applications of QCD to nuclear multiquark systems. 74 references.

The topic of this symposium is the quest to discover, define, and interpret patterns in the universe. This quest has two parts. To discover and define these patterns is the task of science: this part of the quest is producing a copious flow of reliable information. To interpret or give meaning to these patterns is the task of natural philosophy: this part has not kept pace.

We present a preliminary measurement of R[sub b], the ratio of [Gamma](Z[degree] - b[bar b]) relative to [Gamma](Z[degree] [yields] hadrons) using the silicon CCD-pixel vertex detector of the SLD at the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). An impact parameter method and a displaced vertex method are applied to all charged tracks, to efficiently tag Z[degree] - b[bar b] events. From the impact (displaced vertex) approach we find R[sub b] = 0.214 [plus minus] 0.010 [plus minus] 0.025 (R[sub b] = 0.204 [plus minus] 0.010 [plus minus] 0.030), consistent with the standard model value.

Recent results of surface produced negative ions are presented. Two low work function metal surfaces have been studied, barium and magnesium, in combination with several plasma generators; rf- and dc-filament discharges. The negative ion yield for barium is about 5 to 6 times larger than magnesium. This ratio is confirmed by model calculations on resonant charge exchange. 32 refs., 9 figs.

We discuss the O([alpha][sub s]) QCD radiative corrections to Higgs boson production in the limit in which the top quark is much heavier than the Higgs boson. The subleading corrections, of O([alpha][sub s]M[sub H][sup 2]/M[sub top][sup 2]), are presented for the decay H [yields] [gamma][gamma] and shown to be small.

An improved method for measuring the peak power output from pulsed-injection laser diodes having risetimes of 10 ns or greater has been developed by the Bendix Kansas City Metrology Laboratory. Based on the combination of an integrating sphere and a silicon photodiode, the system provides the means for collecting all of the widely divergent pulsed output of laser diodes. System accuracy is estimated to be within +-15%. Methods of system calibration are described along with the circuitry used to pulse and measure the diode current.

The on-line control system interface for magnet beam steering and focusing in the Bevalac is described. An Aydin model 5205B display generator was chosen. This display generator will allow the computer to completely rewrite a monitor screen in less than 50 ms and is also capable of controlling a color monitor. (PMA)

Simulations of Lattice QCD with 4 flavors of light staggered quarks (m = .025) were performed on a 12{sup 3} {times} 4 lattice, confirming the first order nature of the transition. Lattice QCD with a light isodoublet of staggered quarks (m = .0125), and a heavier singlet (m = .25) was studied, also on a 12{sup 3} {times} 4 lattice. The order of the transition was less clear. Improved glueball wavefunctions have been used to study glueball spectra in theories incorporating dynamical quarks. 10 refs., 3 figs.

The next generation of U.S. fusion experiments, which includes TFTR, MFTF, and Doublet III, will utilize neutral-beam injection for plasma heating. TFTR, for example, desires 20 MW of 120-keV deuterium atoms in pulses of 0.5-sec duration at 5-minute intervals from a total of 12 individual neutral-beam modules. A discussion is given of some of the design details of a 15-A, 120-keV, 0.5-sec ion-source module that has recently been built to test design concepts for TFTR sources, and some of the features of the facility where it is presently under test at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

The application of high resolution transmission electron microscopy to the study of homo- or hetero-phase interface structures requires specimens that meet stringent criteria. In some systems the necessary geometric imaging conditions are established naturally, thus greatly simplifying the analysis. This is illustrated for a diamond-hexagonal/diamond-cubic interface in deformed silicon, a {Sigma}99 tilt boundary in a pure aluminum bicrystal, and a germanium precipitate in an aluminum matrix. 13 refs., 5 figs.

During the past few years, the use of computers in radiation safety systems has become more widespread. This is not surprising given the ubiquitous nature of computers in the modern technological world. But is a computer a good choice for the central logic element of a personnel safety system. Recent accidents at computer controlled medical accelerators would indicate that extreme care must be exercised if malfunctions are to be avoided. The Department of Energy has recently established a sub-committee to formulate recommendations on the use of computers in safety systems for accelerators. This paper will review the status of the committee's recommendations, and describe radiation protection interlock systems as applied to both accelerators and to irradiation facilities. Comparisons are made between the conventional relay approach and designs using computers. 6 refs., 6 figs.

A bend ductility test is used to indicate the formability of tungsten heavy alloys sheet. The primary test bends a notchless Charpy impact specimen to a bend angle of approximately 100C. This can be augmented by a bend-completion test. Finite element modeling as well as strain-gaged bend specimens elucidate the strain distribution in the specimen as a function of material thickness and bend angle. The bend ductilities of 70%W, 807.W and 90%W alloys are characterized. As expected, decreasing thickness or tungsten content enhances bend ductility. Oxidation is not detrimental; therefore, controlled atmosphere is not required for cooling. The potentially detrimental effects of mechanical working (e.g., rolling, roller-leveling, grit blasting, and peening) and machining (e.g., cutting and sanding) are illustrated.

A number of technical possibilities for isolating high level radioactive materials have been theoretically investigated at various times and places. Isolating such wastes deep underground to insure long-term removal from the biosphere is one such possibility which has been investigated. The present concept involves as a first step creating the necessary void space at considerable depth, say 2 to 5 km, in a very low permeability silicate medium such as shale. Waste in dry, calcined or vitrified form is then lowered into the void space, and the access hole or shaft sealed. Energy released by the radioactive decay raises the temperature to a point where the surrounding rock begins to melt. The waste is then dissolved in it. The extent of this melt region grows until the heat generated is balanced by conduction away from the molten zone. Resolidification then begins, and ends when the radioactive decay has progressed to the point that the temperature falls below the melting point of the rock-waste solution. Calculations are presented showing the growth and resolidification process. The use of a nuclear explosion presents one alternative way of creating the void space.

Damage rates of 5 MeV /sup 27/Al ions in Al have been measured as a function of the ion path length in Al. The technique developed for this study employed evaporated Al thin film (approximately 0.4 - 0.5 ..mu..m thick), electrical resistivity specimens, as a damage sensor and variation in ion path lengths were obtained by insertion of thin foils of Al immediately in front of the resistivity specimen. Irradiations and electrical resistance measurements were carried out below 10/sup 0/K to ''freeze in'' the displacement damage and to provide suitable conditions for precision electrical measurements. The resistance increase due to irradiation is a measure of the displacement damage resulting from ion-atom collisions in the specimen. The damage rates vary about an order of magnitude over the range of the ions and are in general agreement with calculated damage rates obtained from theory. 9 fig.

After a brief enumeration of the advantages of electron-positron collisions to study elementary particle physics, the present and future of electron-positron facilities are briefly reviewed, and the perspectives for future physics with electron-positron collisions are discussed. 20 refs., 10 figs. (LEW)

The energy future will be affected by decisions made in the next few years. The author speaks on the reality of the future, specifically for electric power generation in the Northwest United States. His four main thoughts are: decisions made today will stand for ten years or more and are irreversible; only coal and nuclear are options available in the Northwest; coal and nuclear must be utilized to alleviate power outages leading to rationing and allocation measures; and conservation of electricity will benefit all. After summing up all issues involved with these thoughts, the author told the teachers at the conference that they were obligated to prepare youth to participate knowledgeably in this decision process. (MCW)

The circular roof slab of an existing facility was analyzed to requalify the structure for supporting a significant seismic load that it was not originally designed for. The slab has a clear span of 66 ft and consists of a 48 in thick reinforced concrete member and a steel liner plate. Besides a number of smaller penetrations, the slab contains two significant cutouts: a 9 ft square opening and a 3 ft dia hole. The issues that complicated the analysis of this non-typical structure, i.e., composite action and nonlinear stiffness of reinforced concrete (R. C.) sections, are discussed. It was possible to circumvent the difficulties by making conservative and simplifying assumptions. If codes incorporate guidelines on practical methods for dynamic analysis of R. C. structures, some of the unneeded conservatism could be eliminated in future designs.

Fuel performance in the Peach Bottom High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) is reviewed, including (1) the driver elements in the second core and (2) the test elements designed to test fuel for larger HTGR plants. Core 2 of this reactor, which is operated by the Philadelphia Electric Company, performed reliably with an average nuclear steam supply availability of 85 percent since its startup in July 1970. Core 2 had accumulated a total of 897.5 equivalent full power days (EFPD), almost exactly its design life-time of 900 EFPD, when the plant was shut down permanently on October 31, 1974. Gaseous fission product release and the activity of the main circulating loop remained significantly below the limits allowed by the technical specifications and the levels observed during operation of Core 1. The low circulating activity and postirradiation examination of driver fuel elements have demonstrated the improved irradiation stability of the coated fuel particles in Core 2. Irradiation data obtained from these tests substantiate the performance predictions based on accelerated tests and complement the fuel design effort by providing irradiation data in the low neutron fluence region.

Obstacles currently facing the solid waste recycling industry are often related to lack of public and investor confidence, issues of profitability and liability, and insufficient consumer identification with products made from recycled materials. Resolution of these issues may not be possible without major changes in the way the solid waste recycling business is structured. One potential solution takes the form of the secondary resource utilization park. The premise is simple: Provide a strategically located facility where a broad range of secondary resources are separated, refined or converted, and made into new products on the site. The secondary material resources would come from municipal solid waste, demolition waste, landscape trimmings, used tires, scrap metal, agricultural waste, food processing waste, and other non-hazardous forms. The park would consist of separation and conversion facilities, research and product standards laboratories, and industries that convert the materials into products and fuels. Energy conversion systems using some waste streams as fuel could be located at the park to supplement energy demands of the industrial operations. The strategic co-location of the resource providers and user industries would also minimize transportation costs and could provide a test case for an industrial ecology'' approach to sustainable economic development.

A model for the W(001) surface reconstruction phase transition is studied to elucidate the dependence of transition temperature on interaction range and other model parameters. For the parameter set chosen extending the range of the interaction without changing the total reconstruction energy increases the model transition temperature somewhat. This reduces a previously reported discrepancy between the experimental transition temperature and that consistent with the calculated reconstruction energy, but only marginally. 12 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

The next generation of U.S. fusion experiments which includes TFTR, MFTF, and Doublet III, will utilize neutral-beam injection for plasma heating. TFTR, for example, desires 20 MW of 120-keV deuterium atoms in pulses of 0.5-sec duration. In order to meet these requirements, a 15-A, 120-keV, 0.5-sec pulse per minute module is presently under test at the neutral-beam test facility at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. A 65-A, 120-keV, 0.5-sec module is under construction and is scheduled for assembly in April of this year. Some of the features of a calorimeter/beam dump that is presently being used in the testing and evaluation of these neutral beam sources are discussed.