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Addendum to the RCRA Assessment Report for Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Area S-SX at the Hanford Site
The initial Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater quality assessment report for Waste Management Area S-SX (PNNL-11810) was issued in January 1998. The report stated a plan for conducting continued assessment would be developed after addressing Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) comments on initial findings in PNNL-11810. Comments from Ecology were received by US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) on September 24, 1998. Shortly thereafter, Ecology and DOE began dispute resolution and related negotiations about tank farm vadose issues. This led to proposed new Tri-Party Agreement milestones covering a RCRA Facility Investigation-Corrective Measures Study (RFI/CMS) of the four single-shell tank farm waste management areas that were in assessment status (Waste Management Areas B-BX-BY, S-SX, T and TX-TY). The RCRA Facility Investigation includes both subsurface (vadose zone and groundwater) and surface (waste handling facilities and grounds) characterization. Many of the Ecology comments on PNNL-11810 are more appropriate for, and in many cases are superseded by, the RFI/CMS at Waste Management Area S-SX. The proposed Tri-Party Agreement milestone changes that specify the scope and schedule for the RFI/CMS work plans (Tri-Party Agreement change number M-45-98-0) were issued for public comment in February 1999. The Tri-Party Agreement narrative indicates …
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Chou, C. J. & Johnson, V. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Drilling through Diagnostics-White-Drilling
A high-speed data link that would provide dramatically faster communication from downhole instruments to the surface and back again has the potential to revolutionize deep drilling for geothermal resources through Diagnostics-While-Drilling (DWD). Many aspects of the drilling process would significantly improve if downhole and surface data were acquired and processed in real-time at the surface, and used to guide the drilling operation. Such a closed-loop, driller-in-the-loop DWD system, would complete the loop between information and control, and greatly improve the performance of drilling systems. The main focus of this program is to demonstrate the value of real-time data for improving drilling. While high-rate transfer of down-hole data to the surface has been accomplished before, insufficient emphasis has been placed on utilization of the data to tune the drilling process to demonstrate the true merit of the concept. Consequently, there has been a lack of incentive on the part of industry to develop a simple, low-cost, effective high-speed data link. Demonstration of the benefits of DWD based on a high-speed data link will convince the drilling industry and stimulate the flow of private resources into the development of an economical high-speed data link for geothermal drilling applications. Such a downhole communication …
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Finger, John T.; Glowka, David Anthony; Livesay, Billy Joe; Mansure, Arthur J. & Prairie, Michael R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advances in atmospheric chemistry modeling: the LLNL impact tropospheric/stratospheric chemistry model
We present a unique modeling capability to understand the global distribution of trace gases and aerosols throughout both the troposphere and stratosphere. It includes the ability to simulate tropospheric chemistry that occurs both in the gas phase as well as on the surfaces of solid particles. We have used this capability to analyze observations from particular flight campaigns as well as averaged observed data. Results show the model to accurately simulate the complex chemistry occurring near the tropopause and throughout the troposphere and stratosphere.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Rotman, D A & Atherton, C
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Albany News (Albany, Tex.), Vol. 124, No. 19, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Albany, Texas that includes local, county, and state news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Lucas, Donnie A.
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 100, No. 171, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Bush, Michael
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 77, No. 293, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Cash, Wanda Garner
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Bogata News (Bogata, Tex.), Vol. 89, No. 22, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Bogata, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Nichols, Nanalee & Nichols, Thomas
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Brand (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 87, No. 4, Ed. 1, Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly student newspaper from Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Canadian Record (Canadian, Tex.), Vol. 109, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Canadian, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Ezzell, Nancy & Brown, Laurie Ezzell
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Oil and Gas Industry Equipment and Wastes
This Sampling and Analysis (S and A) Plan was developed for the NORM Characterization Program, and describes the information to be gained through the program, how the required information is to be collected, and the anticipated form and content of the final data. The S and A Plan provides detailed procedures describing the work to be performed, how and why the work will be performed, and who will be responsible for conducting the various aspects of the work. The S and A Plan has been prepared with input from all parties involved with the program. Where appropriate, portions of the procedures described in the S and A Plan will be field tested by personnel of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and the Grand Junction Project Office (GJPO), as well as representatives of the cosponsor organizations prior to their use in the field.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Rood, A.S. & White, G.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of the Effect of Au/Al Bondpad Corrosion on Microelectronic Device Reliability
A methodology has been established to predict the effect of atmospheric corrosion on the reliability of plastic encapsulated microelectronic (PEM) devices. New experimental techniques were developed to directly characterize the Al/Au wirebond interface where corrosion primarily occurs. A deterministic empirical model describing wirebond degradation as a function of environmental conditions was generated. To demonstrate how this model can be used to determine corrosion effects on device reliability, a numerical simulation was performed on a three-lead voltage reference device. Surface reaction rate constants, environmental variables and the defect characteristics of the encapsulant were treated as distributed parameters. A Sandia-developed analytical framework (CRAX{trademark}) was used to include uncertainty in the analysis and directly calculate reliability.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Braithwaite, Jeffrey W.; Michael, Joseph R.; Peterson, David W.; Robinson, David G.; Sorensen, Neil R. & Strizich, M. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cherokeean/Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 150, No. 33, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Whitehead, Marie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Coffinitization of Uraninite: SEM/AEM Investigation and Geochemical Modeling
Coffinite (USiO{sub 4}) has been found in numerous sedimentary and hydrothermal environments including those considered as natural analogues of nuclear waste repositories. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) studies have been conducted on a uraninite sample from a U-deposit in Canada. It is observed that the uraninite (UO{sub 2+x}) is replaced by coffinite (U[SiO{sub 4}].nH{sub 2}O) and the replacing coffinite coexists with quartz. The TEM study shows {alpha}-recoil damage, lattice distortion, and low-angle boundaries among neighboring uraninite domains. Coffinitization seems more closely associated with {alpha}-recoil-damaged uraninite areas. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectrum indicates that the ratio of U(+6)U(+4) in the uraninite is about 2/3, while the coffinite is dominated by U(+4). A thermodynamic calculation indicates that coffinitization can take place most likely at temperatures below 130 C if dissolved silica concentrations are limited by amorphous silica mineral phase. In a sufficiently high silica concentration environment, coffinite can form under the oxygen fugacity of 10{sup -65}-10{sup -55} atm. The equilibrium model, however, is not able to explain the coexistence of coffinite with quartz. A kinetic model that takes account of Ostwald processes is thus proposed. The kinetic model indicates that the presence of U(+6) in uraninite and the …
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Wang, Yifeng & Xu, Huifang
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 18, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from The Colony, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Fleming, Jackie
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
A Combinatorial Approach to Determine Mechanisms of Atmospheric Copper Sulfidation
Parallel microscopic experimentation (the combinatorial approach often used in solid-state science) was applied to characterize atmospheric copper corrosion behavior. Specifically, this technique permitted relative sulfidation rates to be determined for copper containing different levels of point defects and impurities (In, Al, O, and D). Corrosion studies are inherently difficult because of complex interactions between material interfaces and the environment. The combinatorial approach was demonstrated using micron-scale Cu lines that were exposed to a humid air environment containing sub-ppm levels of H{sub 2}S. The relative rate of Cu{sub 2}S growth was determined by measuring the change in resistance of the line. The data suggest that vacancy trapping by In and Al impurities slow the sulfidation rate. Increased sulfidation rates were found for samples containing excess point defects or deuterium. Furthermore, the sulfidation rate of 14 {micro}m wide Cu lines was increased above that for planar films.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Barbour, J. Charles; Braithwaite, Jeffrey W.; Copeland, Robert Guild; Dunn, Roberto G.; Minor, Kenneth G.; Missert, Nancy A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computational Analysis of the SRS Phase III Salt Disposition Alternatives
Completion of the Phase III evaluation and comparison of salt disposition alternatives was supported with enhanced computer models and analysis for each case on the ''short list'' of four options. SPEEDUP(TM) models and special purpose models describing mass and energy balances and flow rates were developed and used to predict performance and production characteristics for each of the options. Results from the computational analysis were a key part of the input used to select a primary and an alternate salt disposition alternative.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Dimenna, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooper Review (Cooper, Tex.), Vol. 119, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Cooper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Kisic, Theresa
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Correlation of Stress-State and Nano-Mechanical Properties in Au
A dependence of elastic response on the stress-state of a thin film has been demonstrated using the interfacial force microscope (IFM). Indentation response was measured as a function of the applied biaxial stress-state for 100 nm thick Au films. An increase in measured elastic modulus with applied compressive stress, and a decrease with applied tensile stress was observed. Measurements of elastic modulus before and after applying stress were identical indicating that the observed change in response is not due to a permanent change in film properties.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Houston, Jack E.; Jarausch, K. F.; Kiely, J. D. & Russell, P. E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critique of a pion exchange model for interquark forces
The author describes four serious defects of a widely discuss pion exchange model for interquark forces: it doesn't solve the ``spin-orbit problem'' as advertised, it fails to describe the internal structure of baryon resonances, it leads to disastrous conclusions when extended to mesons, and it is not reasonably connected to the physics of heavy-light systems.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Isgur, N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Demonstration of a Solution Film Leak Test Technique and Equipment for the S00645 Canister Closure
The purpose of this effort was to demonstrate that the SFT technique, when adapted to a DWPF canister nozzle, is capable of detecting leaks not meeting the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS) acceptance criterion.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Cannell, G. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Detection of explosive events by monitoring acoustically-induced geomagnetic perturbations
The Black Thunder Coal Mine (BTCM) near Gillette, Wyoming was used as a test bed to determine the feasibility of detecting explosion-induced geomagnetic disturbances with ground-based induction magnetometers. Two magnetic observatories were fielded at distances of 50 km and 64 km geomagnetically north from the northernmost edge of BTCM. Each observatory consisted of three separate but mutually orthogonal magnetometers, Global Positioning System (GPS) timing, battery and solar power, a data acquisition and storage system, and a three-axis seismometer. Explosions with yields of 1 to 3 kT of TNT equivalent occur approximately every three weeks at BTCM. We hypothesize that explosion-induced acoustic waves propagate upward and interact collisionally with the ionosphere to produce ionospheric electron density (and concomitant current density) perturbations which act as sources for geomagnetic disturbances. These disturbances propagate through an ionospheric Alfven waveguide that we postulate to be leaky (due to the imperfectly conducting lower ionospheric boundary). Consequently, wave energy may be observed on the ground. We observed transient pulses, known as Q-bursts, with pulse widths about 0.5 s and with spectral energy dominated by the Schumann resonances. These resonances appear to be excited in the earth-ionosphere cavity by Alfven solitons that may have been generated by the …
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Lewis, J P; Rock, D R; Shaeffer, D L & Warshaw, S I
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determining Radionuclide Emissions from Unmonitored Sources
This document presents standard methods to be used in the calculation of air emissions from unmonitored sources.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Thompson, M.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Dublin Citizen (Dublin, Tex.), Vol. 10, No. 6, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Dublin, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
Norville, Buddy
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Electra Star-News (Electra, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 7, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Electra, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
October 7, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History