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Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 263: Area 25 Building 4839 Leachfield, Nevada Test Site, Nevada
This Corrective Action Decision Document/Closure Report (CADD/CR) has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 263, Area 25 Building 4839 Leachfield, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Corrective Action Unit 263 is located in the southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site in Nevada and includes one Corrective Action Site (CAS), CAS 25-05-04 Leachfield. This CADD/CR identifies and rationalizes the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office's (DOE/NV's) recommendation that no corrective action for CAU 263 is necessary. The Corrective Action Decision Document and Closure Report have been combined into one report because sample data collected during the April 1999 corrective action investigation (CAI) disclosed no evidence of contamination at the site. The purpose of the CAI was to identify the presence and the vertical and lateral extent of contaminants of potential concern (COPCs), specifically volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivola tile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as 1,4-dichlorobenzene and p-isopropyl toluene. The subsequent investigation included direct-push environmental soil samples from within the leachfield using a Geoprobe{reg_sign} unit; field screening of soil samples for radiological constituents and VOCs; submittal of environmental and quality control samples for testing for total VOCs, total SVOCs, and gamma spectrometry; and collection …
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The corrosion behavior of hafnium in high-temperature-water environments
The high-temperature-water corrosion performance of hafnium is evaluated. Corrosion kinetic data are used to develop correlations that are a function of time and temperature. The evaluation is based on corrosion tests conducted in out-of-pile autoclaves and in out-of-flux locations of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at temperatures ranging from 288 to 360 C. Similar to the corrosion behavior of unalloyed zirconium, the high-temperature-water corrosion response of hafnium exhibits three corrosion regimes: pretransition, posttransition, and spalling. In the pretransition regime, cubic corrosion kinetics are exhibited, whereas in the posttransition regime, linear corrosion kinetics are exhibited. Because of the scatter in the spalling regime data, it is not reasonable to use a best fit of the data to describe spalling regime corrosion. Data also show that neutron irradiation does not alter the corrosion performance of hafnium. Finally, the data illustrate that the corrosion rate of hafnium is significantly less than that of Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Rishel, D.M.; Smee, J.D. & Kammenzind, B.F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CORROSION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS
Five alloys were tested in the presence of water vapor and water vapor with HCl for 1000 hours using simulated combustion gas. Samples were removed at intervals during each test and measured for determination of corrosion rates. One sample of each alloy was examined with a SEM after the completion of each test. Cumulative corrosion depths were similar for the superstainless alloys. Corrosion for Alloy TP310 roughly doubled. Corrosion for the enhanced stainless alloys changed dramatically with the addition of chlorine. Corrosion for Alloy RA85H increased threefold, whereas Alloy TP347HFG showed an eightfold increase. SEM examination of the alloys revealed that water vapor alone allowed the formation of chromium oxide protective layers on the superstainless alloys. The enhanced stainless alloys underwent more corrosion due to greater attack of sulfur. Iron-rich oxide layers were more likely to form, which do not provide protection from further corrosion. The addition of chlorine further increased the corrosion because of its ability to diffuse through the oxide layers and react with iron. This resulted in a broken, discontinuous, and loose oxide layer that offered less protection. Niobium, although added to aid in creep strength, was found to be detrimental to corrosion resistance. The niobium tended …
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Hurley, John P. & Kay, John P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Covariance approximation for fast and accurate computation of channelized Hotelling observer statistics
We describe a method for computing linear observer statistics for maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstructions of PET images. The method is based on a theoretical approximation for the mean and covariance of MAP reconstructions. In particular, we derive here a closed form for the channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) statistic applied to 2D MAP images. We show reasonably good correspondence between these theoretical results and Monte Carlo studies. The accuracy and low computational cost of the approximation allow us to analyze the observer performance over a wide range of operating conditions and parameter settings for the MAP reconstruction algorithm.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Bonetto, Paola; Qi, Jinyi & Leahy, Richard M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical Infrastructure Protection: Comprehensive Strategy Can Draw on Year 2000 Experiences
A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on efforts to protect the nation's critical infrastructures, focusing on: (1) GAO's recent findings on computer security and critical infrastructure protection; and (2) preliminary lessons learned from the year 2000 date conversion experience that can benefit critical infrastructure protection efforts."
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cylinder Test Specification
The purpose of the cylinder testis two-fold: (1) to characterize the metal-pushing ability of an explosive relative to that of other explosives as evaluated by the E{sub 19} cylinder energy and the G{sub 19} Gurney energy and (2) to help establish the explosive product equation-of-state (historically, the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation). This specification details the material requirements and procedures necessary to assemble and fire a typical Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) cylinder test. Strict adherence to the cylinder. material properties, machining tolerances, material heat-treatment and etching processes, and high explosive machining tolerances is essential for test-to-test consistency and to maximize radial wall expansions. Assembly and setup of the cylinder test require precise attention to detail, especially when placing intricate pin wires on the cylinder wall. The cylinder test is typically fired outdoors and at ambient temperature.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Catanach, Richard; Hill, Larry; Harry, Herbert; Aragon, Ernest & Murk, Don
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dallas Voice (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 16, No. 22, Ed. 1 Friday, October 1, 1999
Weekly newspaper from Dallas, Texas that includes local, state, and national news and advertising of interest to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Vercher, Dennis
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Department of Energy's Consequence Management Concept
The Department of Energy (DOE) is currently implementing a new concept for supporting Consequence Management (CM) operations. It supports operations within the Continental US (CONUS) and Outside the Continental US (OCONUS)and includes the development of downwind hazard predictions, data assessment, operational planning, medical advise and planning, and radiation monitoring and sampling. This evolving concept introduces some new CM response elements and a phased deployment of the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) to facilitate the priority management, planning, and response operations for radiological emergency response situations. Implementation of this new concept better enables the DOE to rapidly provide CM support and assistance to federal, state, and local authorities to protect the health and safety of the public.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Lambert, Robert A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Department of Energy's Emergency Response Assets
The Department of Energy (DOE) has the world's leading scientists, engineers and technicians from over 50 years of managing the nation's nuclear weapons program. When the need arises, the DOE is prepared to respond immediately to any type of radiological accident or incident, anywhere in the world, with the seven emergency response assets described below.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Lambert, Robert A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Department of Energy's Emergency Response Support and Logistics Assets
The Department of Energy (DOE) possesses deployable mechanical, electrical, logistical, and communications assets for supporting emergency response operations in a field environment. These assets are operated and maintained by Bechtel Nevada personnel at the DOE's Remote Sensing Laboratory located in Las Vegas, Nevada
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Lambert, Robert A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes of Kraft chemical recovery boilers. Quarterly report for the period July-September 1999
Activities during this period continued to focus on obtaining a clear image of deposits inside an operating recovery boiler.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Kychakoff, George
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A 1990 GLOBAL INVENTORY FOR SO(X) AND NO(X) ON A 1(DEGREE) X 1(DEGREE) LATITUDE-LONGITUDE GRID.
Sulfur and nitrogen oxides emitted to the atmosphere have been linked to the acidification of water bodies and soils and perturbations in the earth's radiation balance. In order to model the global transport and transformation of SO{sub x} and NO{sub x}, detailed spatial and temporal emission inventories are required. Benkovitz et al. (1996) published the development of an inventory of 1985 global emissions of SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} from anthropogenic sources. The inventory was gridded to a 1{degree} x 1{degree} latitude-longitude grid and has served as input to several global modeling studies. There is now a need to provide modelers with an update of this inventory to a more recent year, with a split of the emissions into elevated and low level sources. This paper describes the development of a 1990 update of the SO{sub x} and NO{sub x} global inventories that also includes a breakdown of sources into 17 sector groups. The inventory development starts with a gridded global default EDGAR inventory (Olivier et al, 1996). In countries where more detailed national inventories are available, these are used to replace the emissions for those countries in the global default. The gridded emissions are distributed into two height levels …
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
VAN HEYST,B.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DEVELOPMENT OF A CALCIUM-BASED SORBENT FOR HOT GAS CLEANUP
The development and testing of potential calcium-based sorbents for hot gas cleanup continued. One of the most promising materials combines powdered limestone and a calcium aluminate cement by two step pelletization followed by steam curing. Reasonably strong pellets are produced with good adsorption characteristics by incorporating 20 wt.% cement in the core and 40 wt.% cement in the shell. The resulting 4.76 mm diameter pellets are capable of withstanding a crushing force approaching 11.5 N/mm before breaking and are also capable of removing H{sub 2}S from dilute, hot gas streams. The pellets are also regenerable and reusable. Another promising material combines calcium carbonate powder and finely ground calcined alumina in tablet form. The small tablets are prepared by mixing the materials with water to form a thick paste which is then molded and dried. The tablets are hardened by calcining at either 1000 to 1100 C. The resulting tablets are strong and capable of removing H{sub 2}S from a dilute, hot gas stream.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Wheelock, T. D.; Doraiswamy, L. K. & Constant, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a natural gas systems analysis model (GSAM)
This report provides an overview of the activities to date and schedule for future testing, validation, and authorized enhancements of Natural Gas Systems Analysis Model (GSAM). The goal of this report is to inform DOE managers of progress in model development and to provide a benchmark for ongoing and future research. Section II of the report provides a detailed discussion on the major GSAM development programs performed and completed during the period of performance, July 1, 1998 to September 30, 1999. Key improvements in the new GSAM version are summarized in Section III. Programmer's guides for GSAM main modules were produced to provide detailed descriptions of all major subroutines and main variables of the computer code. General logical flowcharts of the subroutines are also presented in the guides to provide overall picture of interactions between the subroutines. A standard structure of routine explanation is applied in every programmer's guide. The explanation is started with a brief description or main purpose of the routine, lists of input and output files read and created, and lists of invoked/child and calling/parent routines. In some of the guides, interactions between the routine itself and its parent and child routines are presented in the form …
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a Rapidly Deployed Department of Energy Emergency Response Element
The Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan (FRERP) directs the Department of Energy (DOE) to maintain a viable, timely, and fully documented response option capable of supporting the responsible Lead Federal Agency in the event of a radiological emergency impacting any state or US territory (e.g., CONUS). In addition, the DOE maintains a response option to support radiological emergencies outside the continental US (OCONUS). While the OCUNUS mission is not governed by the FREP, this response is operationally similar to that assigned to the DOE by the FREP. The DOE is prepared to alert, activate, and deploy radiological response teams to augment the Radiological Assistance Program and/or local responders. The Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (RMAC) is a phased response that integrates with the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) in CONUS environments and represents a stand-alone DOE response for OCONUS environments. The FRMAC/RMAC Phase I was formally ''stood up'' as an operational element in April 1999. The FRMAC/RMAC Phase II proposed ''stand-up'' date is midyear 2000.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Riland, C. A.; Hopkins, R. C. & Tighe, R. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of a Special Application Coiled Tubing Applied Plug for Geothermal Well Casing Remediation
Casing deformation in producing geothermal wells is a common problem in many geothermal fields, mainly due to the active geologic formations where these wells are typically located. Repairs to deformed well casings are necessary to keep the wells in production and to occasionally enter a well for approved plugging and abandonment procedures. The costly alternative to casing remediation is to drill a new well to maintain production and/or drill a well to intersect the old well casing below the deformation for abandonment purposes. The U.S. Department of Energy and the Geothermal Drilling Organization sponsored research and development work at Sandia National Laboratories in an effort to reduce these casing remediation expenditures. Sandia, in cooperation with Halliburton Energy Services, developed a low cost, bridge-plug-type, packer for use in casing remediation work in geothermal well environments. This report documents the development and testing of this commercially available petal-basket packer called the Special Application Coiled Tubing Applied Plug (SACTAP).
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
STALLER,GEORGE E.; KNUDSEN,STEVEN D. & SATTLER,ALLAN R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Active Seismic Vector-Wavefield Imaging Technology for Geothermal Applications
This report describes the development and testing of vector-wavefield seismic sources that can generate shear (S) waves that may be valuable in geothermal exploration and reservoir characterization. Also described is a 3-D seismic data-processing effort to create images of Rye Patch geothermal reservoir from 3-D sign-bit data recorded over the geothermal prospect. Two seismic sources were developed and tested in this study that can be used to illuminate geothermal reservoirs with S-waves. The first was an explosive package that generates a strong, azimuth-oriented, horizontal force vector when deployed in a conventional shot hole. This vector-explosive source has never been available to industry before. The second source was a dipole formed by operating two vertical vibrators in either a force or phase imbalance. Field data are shown that document the strong S-wave modes generated by these sources.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Hardage, B. A.; J. L. Simmons, Jr. & DeAngelo, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Lead-Free Copper Alloy-Graphite Castings
In this project, graphite is used as a substitute for lead in order to maintain the machinability of plumbing components at the level of leaded brass. Graphite dispersed in Cu alloy was observed to impart good machinability and reduce the sizes of chips during machining of plumbing components in a manner similar to lead. Copper alloys containing dispersed graphite particles could be successfully cast in several plumbing fixtures which exhibited acceptable corrosion rate, solderability, platability, and pressure tightness. The power consumption for machining of composites was also lower than that of the matrix alloy. In addition, centrifugally cast copper alloy cylinders containing graphite particles were successfully made. These cylinders can therefore be used for bearing applications, as substitutes for lead-containing copper alloys. The results indicate that copper graphite alloys developed under this DOE project have a great potential to substitute for lead copper alloys in both plumbing and bearing applications.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Rohatgi, P. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of ultra efficient electric motors. Quarterly report, July-September 1999
There are four major tasks included in this project: (1) design, build and test a 1000 horsepower synchronous motor with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils operating in the 25 to 40 K temperature range; (2) design, build and test a 5000 horsepower synchronous motor with HTS coils operating in the 25 to 40 K temperature range; (3) develop and integrate closed-cycle cryogenic refrigeration systems with both motors; (4) develop the HTS wire and coil technology required for both motor demonstrations. The goal of the 1000 hp motor demonstration is to build an HTS motor which is comparable in size and efficiency to a conventional motor of the same rating. The goal of the 5000 hp motor demonstration is to build an HTS motor which is half the active volume and has half the losses of a conventional motor of the same rating, and to demonstrate continuous operation of the 5000 horsepower motor at a beta test site. The project represents a vital step in the development of HTS motors for commercial applications.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Driscoll, David I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Zinc/Bromine Batteries for Load-Leveling Applications: Phase 2 Final Report
This report documents Phase 2 of a project to design, develop, and test a zinc/bromine battery technology for use in utility energy storage applications. The project was co-funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Power Technologies through Sandia National Laboratories. The viability of the zinc/bromine technology was demonstrated in Phase 1. In Phase 2, the technology developed during Phase 1 was scaled up to a size appropriate for the application. Batteries were increased in size from 8-cell, 1170-cm{sup 2} cell stacks (Phase 1) to 8- and then 60-cell, 2500-cm{sup 2} cell stacks in this phase. The 2500-cm{sup 2} series battery stacks were developed as the building block for large utility battery systems. Core technology research on electrolyte and separator materials and on manufacturing techniques, which began in Phase 1, continued to be investigated during Phase 2. Finally, the end product of this project was a 100-kWh prototype battery system to be installed and tested at an electric utility.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
CLARK,NANCY H. & EIDLER,PHILLIP
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Diagnosis and correction of soil nutrient limitations in intensively managed Southern pine forests. Quarterly report for the period July-September 1999
None
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Comerford, N.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The diffusion bonding of silicon carbide and boron carbide using refractory metals
Joining is an enabling technology for the application of structural ceramics at high temperatures. Metal foil diffusion bonding is a simple process for joining silicon carbide or boron carbide by solid-state, diffusive conversion of the metal foil into carbide and silicide compounds that produce bonding. Metal diffusion bonding trials were performed using thin foils (5 {micro}m to 100 {micro}m) of refractory metals (niobium, titanium, tungsten, and molybdenum) with plates of silicon carbide (both {alpha}-SiC and {beta}-SiC) or boron carbide that were lapped flat prior to bonding. The influence of bonding temperature, bonding pressure, and foil thickness on bond quality was determined from metallographic inspection of the bonds. The microstructure and phases in the joint region of the diffusion bonds were evaluated using SEM, microprobe, and AES analysis. The use of molybdenum foil appeared to result in the highest quality bond of the metal foils evaluated for the diffusion bonding of silicon carbide and boron carbide. Bonding pressure appeared to have little influence on bond quality. The use of a thinner metal foil improved the bond quality. The microstructure of the bond region produced with either the {alpha}-SiC and {beta}-SiC polytypes were similar.
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Cockeram, B.V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct Penetrating Radiation Monitoring Systems: Technical Evaluation for Use at Area G, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Recent advances and commercialization of electret-ion-chamber (EIC) technology for photon measurements prompted us to consider EKs as a replacement for our TLD system. After laboratory tests indicated that both systems gave adequate results for controlled exposures, throughout 1998 we conducted field tests with paired TLDs and EICS, in LANL technical areas and in public areas. We had approximately 30 paired sampling sites at Area G. At each sampling site, we deployed three TLDs and three EICS. The EICS were contained in air-tight jars, each of which was placed in a Tyvek envelope and hung about 1 m above the ground. The dosimeters were read (and, if necessary, replaced) every three months. At the sites outside Area G, the TLD readings for the first two quarters were statistically significantly higher than those of the EICS: group average exposures were 38 and 36, compared with 33 mR (both quarters) for the EICS; during quarter 3, the EIC average (40 mR) was higher than the TLD average (34 mR); and during quarter 4, the two systems were statistically the same: EIC = 42, TLD = 41 with a p-value of 0.61. We are still evaluating these differences and performing additional laboratory studies to …
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Kraig, D.; Treadaway, W. A. & Wechsler, R. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Directory Service for the CERN PS/SL Java Programming Interface
The CERN PS and SL accelerator control groups developed a common application programming interface (API) in Java [1]. Part of this API is a directory service that provide information about the underlying hardware and software. With this information, it is possible to write generic programs that do general actions on lists of devices without hard coding of device names. And, starting from a device name, full details about related devices, the device itself and its class and properties, can be obtained, including the meaning of bits and bit-patterns in status words. The interface definition is independent of any implementation but a reference implementation is provided using Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) against a set of tables in a relational database. Data from very different systems can be brought together and presented in a uniform way to the user. The full potential of the directory service is reached when it is used in software components (Java Beans).
Date:
October 1, 1999
Creator:
Cuperus, J.; Charrue, P.; DiMaio, F.; Kostro, K. & Watson, W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library