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Thermal energy storage for power generation
Studies strongly indicate that the United States will face widespread electrical power constraints in the 1990s, with most regions of the country experiencing capacity shortages by the year 2000. In many cases, the demand for increased power will occur during intermediate and peak demand periods. Much of this demand is expected to be met by oil- and natural gas-fired Brayton cycle turbines and combined-cycle plants. While natural gas is currently plentiful and reasonably priced, the availability of an economical long-term coal-fired option for peak and intermediate load power generation will give electric power utilities an option in case either the availability or cost of natural gas should deteriorate. 54 refs., 5 figs., 17 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Drost, M. K.; Antoniak, Z. I.; Brown, D. R. & Sathyanarayana, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) benchmark data from the high temperature lattice test reactor
The High Temperature Lattice Test Reactor (HTLTR) was a unique critical facility specifically built and operated to measure variations in neutronic characteristics of high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) lattices at temperatures up to 1000{degree}C. The Los Alamos National Laboratory commissioned Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to prepare this summary reference report on the HTLTR benchmark data and its associated documentation. In the initial stages of the program, the principle of the measurement of k{sub {infinity}} using the unpoisoned technique (developed by R.E. Heineman of PNL) was subjected to extensive peer review within PNL and the General Atomic Company. A number of experiments were conducted at PNL in the Physical Constants Testing Reactor (PCTR) using both the unpoisoned technique and the well-established null reactivity technique that substantiated the equivalence of the measurements by direct comparison. Records of all data from fuel fabrication, the reactor experiments, and the analytical results were compiled and maintained to meet applicable quality assurance standards in place at PNL. Sensitivity of comparisons between measured and calculated k{sub {infinity}}(T) data for various HTGR lattices to changes in neutron cross section data, graphite scattering kernel models, and fuel block loading variations, were analyzed by PNL for the Electric Power …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Newman, D.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Some frontiers of accelerator physics
This paper discusses some concepts of future accelerators such as free electron lasers, two beam accelerator; and plasma-based adiabatic compressor. 12 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs. (LSP)
Date:
October 13, 1989
Creator:
Sessler, A. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling of coupled geochemical and transport processes: An overview
Early coupled models associated with fluid flow and solute transport have been limited by assumed conditions of constant temperature, fully saturated fluid flow, and constant pore fluid velocity. Developments including coupling of chemical reactions to variable fields of temperature and fluid flow have generated new requirements for experimental data. As the capabilities of coupled models expand, needs are created for experimental data to be used for both input and validation. 25 refs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Carnahan, C.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling of Integrated Environmental Control Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants Quarterly Report: June-September 1989
The general goal of this research project is to enhance, and transfer to DOE, a new computer simulation model for analyzing the performance and cost of environmental control systems for coal-fired power plants. Systems utilizing pre-combustion, combustion, or post-combustion control methods, individually or in combination, may be considered. A unique capability of this model is the probabilistic representation of uncertainty in model input parameters. This stochastic simulation capability allows the performance and cost of environmental control systems to be quantified probabilistically, accounting for the interactions among all uncertain process and economic parameters. This method facilitates more rigorous comparisons between conventional and advanced clean coal technologies promising improved cost and/or effectiveness for SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} removal. Detailed modeling of several pre-combustion and post-combustion processes of interest to DOE/PETC have been selected for analysis as part of this project.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Rubin, E. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of filter media for clarification of partially dissolved residues containing plutonium
A common process in the chemical industry employs the leaching of a desirable component from an insoluble substrate, followed by filtration to produce a clarified solution of the desirable component and a discardable residue. The work described here involved evaluating sintered metal filter media for separating dissolved plutonium from undissolved residues generated at various locations owned by the Department of Energy throughout the United States. The work was performed during a six-week assignment at the Savannah River Laboratory as part of a high school science enrichment program conducted in the summer of 1989. The leach step used included dissolving the plutonium-containing solids in a solution of nitric-hydrofluoric acid. To simulate the partial solubility of the actual plutonium-containing residues, a non-radioactive power plant flyash was used. 6 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
October 9, 1989
Creator:
Foley, E.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compendium of federal and state radioactive materials transportation laws and regulations: Transportation Legislative Database (TLDB)
The Transportation Legislative Database (TLDB) is an on-line information service containing detailed information on legislation and regulations regarding the transportation of radioactive materials in the United States. The system is dedicated to serving the legislative and regulatory information needs of the US Department of Energy and other federal agencies; state, tribal, and local governments; the hazardous materials transportation industry; and interested members of the general public. In addition to the on-line information service, quarterly and annual Legal Developments Reports are produced using information from the TLDB. These reports summarize important changes in federal and state legislation, regulations, administrative agency rulings, and judicial decisions over the reporting period. Information on significant legal developments at the tribal and local levels is also included on an as-available basis. Battelle's Office of Transportation Systems and Planning (OTSP) will also perform customized searches of the TLDB and produce formatted printouts in response to specific information requests.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Upgrade of the Proton West secondary beamline
As originally designed and operated, protons entering PW6 were steered by a series of EPB dipoles into a single interaction length beryllium target, some 43 feet from the enclosure wall. Ensuing secondary beams, either p{sup +}/{pi}{sup +} or p{sup -}/{pi}{sup -}, were collected by a string of quadrupoles following the target, steered westward, away from the Proton Center line, through PW6 and PW7, and ultimately focussed on experiment production targets located within the large PW8 hall. Around the Spring of 1988 it was decided to upgrade the existing Proton West secondary beamline to allow for transport of a primary proton beam, anticipated to be either 800 or 900 GeV/c, through PW8. This upgrade project, which is now nearing completion, was largely motivated by the then recent approval of E-771, a hadronic beauty production experiment located in PW8. E-771 represents the third in a series of experiments for the large-acceptance dimuon spectrometer presently located at the end of the Proton West beamline. This Technical Memo is a summary of the upgrade --- an explanation of the underlying strategy and a documentation of the final locations of the secondary beamline elements. 6 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
October 10, 1989
Creator:
Spiegel, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Broad View of Model Validation
The safety assessment of a nuclear waste repository requires the use of models. Such models need to be validated to ensure, as much as possible, that they are a good representation of the actual processes occurring in the real system. In this paper we attempt to take a broad view by reviewing step by step the modeling process and bringing out the need to validating every step of this process. This model validation includes not only comparison of modeling results with data from selected experiments, but also evaluation of procedures for the construction of conceptual models and calculational models as well as methodologies for studying data and parameter correlation. The need for advancing basic scientific knowledge in related fields, for multiple assessment groups, and for presenting our modeling efforts in open literature to public scrutiny is also emphasized. 16 refs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Tsang, C. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Seismic fragility analysis of buried steel piping at P, L, and K reactors
Analysis of seismic strength of buried cooling water piping in reactor areas is necessary to evaluate the risk of reactor operation because seismic events could damage these buried pipes and cause loss of coolant accidents. This report documents analysis of the ability of this piping to withstand the combined effects of the propagation of seismic waves, the possibility that the piping may not behave in a completely ductile fashion, and the distortions caused by relative displacements of structures connected to the piping.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Wingo, H.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inert Electrodes Program fiscal year 1988 annual report
The Inert Electrodes Program, being conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), involves improving the Hall-Heroult cells used by the Aluminum Industry for the electrochemical production of aluminum. The PNL research centers on developing more energy efficient, longer-lasting anodes and cathodes and ancillary equipment. Major accomplishments for Fiscal Year 1988 are summarized below. 14 refs., 56 figs., 9 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Strachan, D.M.; Marschman, S.C.; Davis, N.C.; Friley, J.R. & Schilling, C.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanisms governing fine particulate emissions from coal flames
During this reporting period the global experiments were concluded. The final activities under these experiments involved measuring mineral content of coals as a function of coal particle size. The principal activities during this quarter involved the mechanistic experiments. Three baseline coals were cleaned and two of these sized. The ash from these various cuts were sampled from a bench scale reactor. The ash size distributions were compared to distributions predicted by the breakup model.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Newton, G. H.; Schieber, C.; Socha, R. G.; Clark, W. D. & Kramlich, J. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proposed method of assembly for the BCD silicon strip vertex detector modules
The BCD Silicon strip Vertex Detector is constructed of 10 identical central region modules and 18 similar forward region modules. This memo describes a method of assembling these modules from individual silicon wafers. Each wafer is fitted with associated front end electronics and cables and has been tested to insure that only good wafers reach the final assembly stage. 5 figs.
Date:
October 16, 1989
Creator:
Lindenmeyer, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooling water for SSC experiments: Supplemental Conceptual Design Report (SCDR)
This paper discusses the following topics on cooling water design on the superconducting super collider; low conductivity water; industrial cooling water; chilled water systems; and radioactive water systems. (LSP)
Date:
October 20, 1989
Creator:
Doyle, R.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Peak load management: Potential options
This report reviews options that may be alternatives to transmission construction (ATT) applicable both generally and at specific locations in the service area of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Some of these options have potential as specific alternatives to the Shelton-Fairmount 230-kV Reinforcement Project, which is the focus of this study. A listing of 31 peak load management (PLM) options is included. Estimated costs and normalized hourly load shapes, corresponding to the respective base load and controlled load cases, are considered for 15 of the above options. A summary page is presented for each of these options, grouped with respect to its applicability in the residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors. The report contains comments on PLM measures for which load shape management characteristics are not yet available. These comments address the potential relevance of the options and the possible difficulty that may be encountered in characterizing their value should be of interest in this investigation. The report also identifies options that could improve the efficiency of the three customer utility distribution systems supplied by the Shelton-Fairmount Reinforcement Project. Potential cogeneration options in the Olympic Peninsula are also discussed. These discussions focus on the options that appear to be most …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Englin, J. E.; De Steese, J. G.; Schultz, R. W. & Kellogg, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Looking for precursors of neutron matter exotica
The question of the possible stability of neutron matter is investigated within the framework of a Thomas-Fermi model of nuclei. Some of the consequences of bound (or slightly unbound) neutron matter are discussed. A comparison is then made between the model predictions and the observed neutron drip line for light nuclei. The tentative conclusion arising from this comparison is that neutron matter is probably unbound, in approximate agreement with an earlier theoretical estimate. Quantum effects that could lead to extremely large neutron halos are also briefly discussed. 11 refs., 7 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Myers, W.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of the Fishery Improvement Opportunities on the Pend Oreille River, 1988 Annual Report.
The purpose of this study is to assess the fishery improvement opportunities on the Box Canyon portion of the Pend Oreille River. This report contains the findings of the first year of the study. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson)) were present in the Pend Oreille River prior to the construction of Grand Coulee Dam. The river also contained native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson)), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus (Walbaum)) and mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni (Girard)). Rainbow trout were planted in the river and some grew to lengths in excess of 30 inches. With the construction of Box Canyon Dam, in 1955, the most productive section of the river was inundated. Following the construction of the dam the trout fishery declined and the populations of spiny ray fish and rough fish increased. The objectives of the first year of the study were to determine the relative abundance of each species in the river and sloughs; the population levels in fish in the river and four selected tributaries; fish growth rates; the feeding habits and abundance of preferred prey; the migration patterns; and the total fishing pressure, catch per unit effort, and total harvest by conducting a …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Barber, Michael R.; Willms, Roger A. & Scholz, Allan T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solid breeder blanket option for the ITER conceptual design
A solid-breeder water-cooled blanket option was developed for ITER based on a multilayer configuration. The blanket uses beryllium for neutron multiplication and lithium oxide for tritium breeding. The material forms are sintered products for both material with 0.8 density factor. The lithium-6 enrichment is 90%. This blanket has the capability to accommodate a factor of two change in the neutron wall loading without violating the different design guidelines. The design philosophy adopted for the blanket is to produce the necessary tritium required for the ITER operation and to operate at power reactor conditions as much as possible. At the same time, the reliability and the safety aspects of the blanket are enhanced by the use of a low-pressure coolant and the separation of the tritium purge lines from the coolant system. The blanket modules are made by hot vacuum forming and diffusion bonding a double wall structure with integral cooling channels. The different aspects of the blanket design including tritium breeding, nuclear heat deposition, activation analyses, thermal-hydraulics, tritium inventory, structural analyses, and water coolant conditions are summarized in this paper. 12 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Gohar, Y.; Attaya, H.; Billone, M. C.; Finn, P.; Majumdar, S.; Turner, L. R. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
International aspects of restrictions of ozone-depleting substances
This report summarizes international efforts to protect stratospheric ozone. Also included in this report is a discussion of activities in other countries to meet restrictions in the production and use of ozone-depleting substances. Finally, there is a brief presentation of trade and international competitiveness issues relating to the transition to alternatives for the regulated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. The stratosphere knows no international borders. Just as the impact of reduced stratospheric ozone will be felt internationally, so protection of the ozone layer is properly an international effort. Unilateral action, even by a country that produces and used large quantities of ozone-depleting substances, will not remedy the problem of ozone depletion if other countries do not follow suit. 32 refs., 7 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
McDonald, S.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear reaction uncertainties in standard and non-standard cosmologies
We discuss here the uncertainties in the nuclear input data relevant for calculations of standard and non-standard primordial nucleosynthesis. We show how these uncertainties can affect the predictive power of such calculations, and we identify those key nuclear reactions for which improved experimental data on the associated reaction rates is most needed. Such experimental data can lead to more accurate discriminatory tests between the differing primordial nucleosynthesis scenarios. 34 refs., 3 tabs.
Date:
October 6, 1989
Creator:
Malaney, R.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooperation between the US and the USSR in the peaceful uses of atomic energy
The decade of the 1960's saw a marked expansion of cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union for the peaceful uses of atomic energy. In my opinion, this development constituted one of the most encouraging elements in the international scene. Until 1955 contacts between American and Soviet nuclear scientists were virtually nonexistent, as indeed (after World War II) were US-USSR contacts in other fields except as required in formal intergovernmental relations. Then, in July 1955, the discussions of the Heads of Government meeting in Geneva led to the declaration of a policy with the following aims: to lower the barriers which now impede the interchange of information and ideas between our peoples; to lower the barriers which now impede the opportunities of people to travel anywhere in the world for peaceful, friendly purposes, so that all will have a chance to know each other face to face; and to create conditions which will encourage nations to increase the exchange of peaceful goods throughout the world. 8 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Seaborg, G. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Embrittlement of the Shippingport reactor shield tank
The irradiation embrittlement of the Shippingport neutron tank material has been characterized. Irradiation increases the Charpy transition temperature (CTT) by {approximately}25{degrees}C (45{degrees}F) and decreases the upper shelf energy. The shift in CTT is not as severe as that observed in the HFIR surveillance specimens. However, the actual value of CTT is higher than that for the HFIR data and the toughness at service temperature is low. The increase in yield stress is 51 MPa (7.4 ksi), which is comparable to the HFIR data. The results also indicate a low impact strength and higher transition temperature for the TL orientation than that for the LT orientation. Some effects of the location across the thickness of the wall are also observed for the LT specimens; CTT is slightly greater for the specimens from the inner region of the wall. The data agree well with results from high-flux test reactors. Annealing studies indicate complete recovery of embrittlement after a 2-h anneal at 400{degrees}C. The transition curve for the annealed inner wall specimens is virtually identical to that for the as-received outer wall. The results for weld specimens from the inner and outer walls are also presented. 7 refs., 12 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Chopra, O. K. & Shack, W. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spent Fuel Acceptance Scenarios Devoted to Shutdown Reactors: A Preliminary Analysis
Spent fuel acceptance schedules and the allocation of federal acceptance capacity among commercial nuclear power reactors have important operational and cost consequences for reactor operators. Alternative allocation schemes were investigated to some extent in DOE's MRS Systems Study. The current study supplements these analyses for a class of acceptance schemes in which the acceptance capacity of the federal radioactive waste management system is allocated principally to shutdown commercial power reactors, and extends the scope of analysis to include considerations of at-reactor cask loading rates. The operational consequences of these schemes for power reactors, as measured in terms of quantity of spent fuel storage requirement above storage pool capacities and number of years of pool operations after last discharge, are estimated, as are the associated utility costs. This study does not attempt to examine the inter-utility equity considerations involved in departures from the current oldest-fuel-first (OFF) allocation rule as specified in the Standard Contract for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and/or High-Level Radioactive Waste.'' In the sense that the alternative allocations are more economically efficient than OFF, however, they approximate the allocations that could result from free exchange of acceptance rights among utilities. Such a process would result in the preservation …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Wood, T. W.; Plummer, A. M.; Dippold, D. G.; Short, S. M.; Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, OH (USA). Office of Transportation Systems and Planning & Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The excess flux in the cosmic submillimeter background radiation and the primordial deuterium abundance
Recent measurements of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) show an enhanced flux in the submillimeter regime, compared to the spectrum of a 2.7 K blackbody. Thermal Comptonization of the relic radiation by a hot nonrelativistic plasma has long been known to produce distortions in the CBR spectrum, similar to what has now been observed. Heating of the primeval plasma to temperatures T {approximately} 10{sup 6} {minus} 10{sup 8} K could result from the injection of subcosmic ray protons at epoch z {approximately} 10--100. The intensity of the subcosmic ray flux that provide conditions needed to explain the submillimeter excess by thermal Comptonization also leads to the production of cosmologically significant amounts of deuterium in collisions between subcosmic ray protons and primordial protons and {alpha}-particles. However, the amount of lithium produced through {alpha}-{alpha} reactions is in conflict with the observed Li abundance. If lithium is depleted, for example, by processing through Population II stars, arguments for the baryon content of the universe based on primordial deuterium and He abundances are weakened. 12 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.
Date:
October 27, 1989
Creator:
Dermer, C. D.; Guessoum, N. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA) & National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD (USA). Lab. for High Energy Astrophysics)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library