"The theory of turbulence reached its full growth at the end of the 19th century as a result of the work by Boussinesq and Reynolds. It then underwent a long period of stagnation which ended under the impulse given to it by the development of wind tunnels caused by the needs of aviation. Numerous researchers, attempted to put Reynolds' elementary statistical theory into a more precise form. During the war, some isolated scientists - von Weizsacker and Heisenberg in Germany, Kolmogoroff in Russia, Onsager in the U.S.A. - started a program of research. By a system of assumptions which make it possible to approach the structure of turbulence in well-defined limiting conditions quantitatively, they obtained a certain number of laws on the correlations and the spectrum. Since the late reports have improved the mathematical language of turbulence, it was deemed advisable to start with a detailed account of the mathematical methods applicable to turbulence, inspired at first by the work of the French school, above all for the basic principles, then the work of the foreigners, above all for the theory of the spectrum" (p. 1).

Hitherto, definite specifications have always been made for fuel oils and they have been classified as more or less good or non-utilizable. The present aim, however, is to build Diesel engines capable of using even the poorest liquid fuels and especially the waste products of the oil industry, without special chemical or physical preparation.

A historical sketch of duralumin is presented, especially in regards to its manufacture by various countries. The properties of duralumin are discussed and strength characteristics listed. Increasing the hardness of duralumin by tempering is discussed as well as the uses of the metal.

The suggestion for the measurements collected in this report was prompted by the results of spinning experiments. For the theoretical spinning investigations there was a lack of data on lateral force, yawing, and rolling moment of airplanes.

In the first article, in connection with a lecture on the hydrodynamic basis of flight and the potential flow about a Joukowski wing, the pressure distribution on several wings is computed and plotted. The diagrams of the pressure distributions are presented accompanied with a qualitative discussion of the pressure distribution. In the second article, the the cross-sectional outline (or profile) a Joukowski wing are plotted.

The hydrodynamics and mathematical models as applied to the potential flow about a Joukowski wing are presented.

"The writer sets out to prove by calculation and experiment that by extensive utilization of the skin to carry axial load (reduction of stringer spacing) the stringer sections can be made small enough to afford a substantial saving in structural weight. This saving ranges from 5 to about 40 percent" (p. 1).

"The most usual method of arriving at the maximum amount of spindling or hollowing out permissible in the case of any particular spar section is by trial and error, a process which is apt to become laborious in the absence of good guessing - or luck. The following tables have been got out with the object of making it possible to arrive with certainty at a suitable section at the first attempt" (p. 1).

"Formulas are obtained for computing the buckling load of rods eccentrically loaded at each end, the computation being extended in particular to the inelastic range. The test results are graphically presented on three sets of curves. Two of these, at least for the elastic range, are independent of the material tested. The third set, which is independent of the material, possesses greater clearness and is therefore used for comparing the test results with the theoretical" (p. 1).

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the present status of the problem of mooring airships. Mooring with one, two and even three cables are all discussed.

The equilibrium, in still air, of a "stationary" helicopter (i.e., of one having neither vertical nor translational velocity, but a tendency to remain practically motionless within restricted limits of space) presents some difficulty in practice and justifies a theoretical investigation of its "inherent stability," i.e., independent of the pilot.

"The writer, starting with the consideration of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic equations for the turbulent boundary layer of a flat plate when it is necessary to take into account the heat produced by friction, arrives at the conclusion that the transmission of the heat follows the same law that is valid when the frictional heat is negligible, provided the temperature of the fluid is considered to be that which the fluid would reach if arrested adiabatically. It is then shown how the same law holds good for faired bodies, and some applications of the law are made to the problems of flight at very high speeds" (p. 1).

"Model tests on the "running belt" and tests with a full-scale tail wheel were made on a rotating drum as well as on a runway in order to investigate the causes of the undesirable shimmy phenomena frequently occurring on airplane tail wheels, and the means of avoiding them. The small model (scale 1:10) permitted simulation of the mass, moments of inertia, and fuselage stiffness of the airplane and determination of their influence on the shimmy, whereas by means of the larger model with pneumatic tires (scale 1:2) more accurate investigations were made on the tail wheel itself. The results of drum and road tests show good agreement with one another and with model values" (p. 1).

Through the work of V. Z. Vlasov a theory of thin-walled rods has been established that is widely applicable in practice. This theory was extended by A. A. Umanski to thin-walled rods of closed profile section. This report attempts to construct a theory of thin-walled rods, including the classical theory of deformation of thin rods, by making use of a kinematic assumption.

Different applications of the slotted-wing principle are discussed as well as the advantages of using them. Slotted-wings are provided as a promising solution to the problem of needing to increase flight speed for aircraft while also decreasing landing speed.

"A study is made herein of the irrotational adiabatic motion of a gas in the transition from subsonic to supersonic velocities. A shape of the de Laval nozzle is given, which transforms a homogeneous plane-parallel flow at large subsonic velocity into a supersonic flow without any shockwaves beyond the transition line from the subsonic to the supersonic regions of flow. The method of solution is based on integration near the transition line of the gas equations of motion in the form investigated by S. A. Christianovich" (p. 1).

"A large number of papers have been devoted to the problem of integration of equations of two-dimensional steady nonvertical adiabatic motion of a gas. Most of these papers are based on the application of the hodograph method of S. A. Chaplygin in which the plane of the hodograph of the velocity is taken as the region of variation of the independent variables in the equations of motion; the equations become linear in this plane. The exact integration of these equations is, however, obtained in the form of infinite series containing hypergeometric functions" (p. 1).

"The Reynolds law of heat transfer from a wall to a turbulent stream is extended to the case of flow of a compressible gas at high speeds. The analysis is based on the modern theory of the turbulent boundary layer with laminar sublayer. The investigation is carried out for the case of a plate situated in a parallel stream. The results are obtained independently of the velocity distribution in the turbulent boundar layer" (p. 1).

Memorandum presenting an investigation of whether rotating cylinders can be advantageously used in combination with airfoils in airplane construction.

This report details the contest to design and build concrete airship hangers. The difficulty lies in the magnitude of the absolute dimensions. An airship shed must withstand two principal types of stresses: those resulting from its own weight and those due to the wind. This report discusses both problems in detail.

This report deals mainly with the methods of construction employed when after the plan had been approved. The foundation, side walls, doors and roof are all discussed and the economic savings resulting from this method of construction.

"Freedom from inertia, erosion of electrodes, and reaction make the leakage current particularly appropriate for the measurement of flow velocities in gases. Apparatus previously described has now been improved by reducing the size of the electrodes by one -thousandth, as is necessary aerodynamically, and by increasing the magnitude of the current from 1000 to 10,000 times; the latter result was obtained.by use of mercury high-pressure lamps set up at the one focal point of an ellipsoidal reflector with the cathodes arranged at the other focal point or by use of suitable X-ray radiation. Families of calibration curves were taken with a number of vivid tests conditions of the greatest variety and the operating properties of the instrument were widely elucidated by calculation of the sensitivity to fluctuation; this was done at first for operation at stationary conditions only; due to the freedom from inertia the instationary conditions were thus also given" (p. 1).

A method is presented for soldering aluminum to other metals. The method adopted consists of a galvanic application to the surface of the light-metal parts to be soldered, of a layer of another metal, which, without reacting electrolytically on the aluminum, adheres strongly to the surface to which it is applied, and is, on the other hand, adapted to receive the soft solder. The metal found to meet the criteria best was iron.

"Since the introduction of blind flying, the accomplishment of blind landing on prepared fields has become one of the most pressing problems, and many attempts are being made to solve it. The methods employed, in so far as they have been published, are summarized in this report" (p. 1).