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An analysis is made of the heat produced by the absorption of gamma rays in a sample placed into a reactor. It is clearly shown that enormous local (space) variations in gamma flux exist in current reactors. An application to the Hanford reactors is treated in some detail. Although the estimates obtained may be good to but a factor of two, it is clearly shown that in most cases the major portion of the heating is due to (n, {gamma}) reactions within the sample itself, and in some cases to the gamma rays generated in liners and cans, and not from the gamma rays generated in fission, nor from the moderator. Some implications of these results are discussed, among the most important being their application to radiation chemistry in reactors. Several mathematical results for absorption and generation of gamma rays in various bodies which should be useful in estimating dosage rates for samples irradiated in reactors are given (Appendix II). A method for making the calculations for an arbitrary absorption law are given (Appendix III). This method may be used with the true absorption law for gamma rays or even for the calculation of the absorption of the energy of …

The targets and probes will be introduced 6-inches below the median plane so that adequate mechanical support can be effectively utilized without reducing the aperture. Probe heads will be of such configuration as to allow monitoring of any desired vertical strip of the aperture. It is probable that some space will be available in the quadrants after first performance tests have been on the machine. No targets or probes will be located in that 1-foot x 4-foot aperture initially. Provision will be made for driving the inner radius targets on the west tangent tank into the aperture during acceleration. The drive mechanism will locate the target (within an adjustable radius) in 1/2 a second. Because of the asymmetry in geometry of pole tip magnets with respect to the magnet yokes and the curvature of the quadrants, it will be difficult to remove positive charged meson beams. A re-entrant side plate on the inside radius of the west tangent tank is under study. While such a plate would provide a location for bending magnets and collimators for positive particles and would simplify the construction of some beam monitoring probes, its presence may introduce a first harmonic distortion in the magnet field …

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The capital and direct and indirect operating costs were estimated for erecting and operating mills of 220 and 440 tons of ore per day capacity. The ores considered contained 0.15 or 0.30% uranium. The processes considered included crushing, grinding, acid or carbonate leaching, and final recovery of the U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ in a Higgins ion exchange contuctor with a 5 M NaCl, 1 M NaCl, 1 M NH/sub 4/NC/sub 3/, or 1 M cost estimate have been given due and careful consideration with reference to requirements for a mill of this type. Further detailed information with reference to the construction and operation characteristics of the Higgins ion exchange contactor are given in ORNL reports 1907 and 1918. (auth)

The preparation, purification, and chemical properties of THP have been reviewed with emphasis on the hydrolytic reactions. TBP is chemically a very stable compound as evidenced by its thermal stability and resistance to oxidation. The most important reactions are hydrolytic which cleave the butyl or butoxy group and normally produce butyl alcohol together with dibutyl and monobutyl phosphate (DBP and MBP, respectively), and eventually H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/. Hydrolysis occurs in either the organic phase or the aqueous phase and is first order with respect to the ester. Although the rate in the aqueous phase is much faster than in the organic phase, the solubility is so low in aqueous solutions that the organic phase reactions become more important. Acid hydrolysis depends on both the nature of the acid and the concentration. The order with respect to acid concentration is close to one but often less than one. Hydrolysis is catalyzed by both acids and bases. In the latter case, the reaction occurs only in the aqueous phase and normally stops with the formation of dibutyl phosphate. The hydrolysis rate increases greatly as the temperature is raised and an activation energy of the order of 20 kcal is often found. The …

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This document presents a summary of work and progress at the Hanford Engineer Works for September 1955. The report is divided into sections by department. A plant wide general summary is included at the beginning of the report, after which the departmental summaries begin. The Manufacturing Department reports plant statistics, and summaries for the Metal Preparation, Reactor and Separation sections. The Engineering Department`s section summarizes work for the Technical, Design, and Project Sections. Costs for the various departments are presented in the Financial Department`s summary. The Medical, Radiological Sciences, Utilities and General Services, Employee and Public Relations, and Community Real Estate and Services departments have sections presenting their monthly statistics, work, progress, and summaries.

The feasibility of adding four ``corner`` rods to the K Reactor`s 20-rod HCR system is being investigated. It is necessary to compare the costs and production gains of this method for gaining additional reactivity and heat distribution control with other supplementary control systems. This document presents the results of an investigation of the production gains that could be made by adding four rods to the KE Reactor HCR system.

Production methods for producting homogeneous uranium-10 wt.% molybdenum fuel-alloy pin with a uniform zirconium cladding have been studied. The effect of various impurities has been investigated and the nature of and methods for ellminating cracking in swaged fuel pins have been examined. A major portion of the results is based on the study of material produced from 25-lb ingot castings. Small expertmental-scale ingots were also employed in impurity, heat-treatment, and cracking studies. On the basis of the data obtained recommendattons concerning casting, fabrication, and heat-treatment techniques necessary to produce a fuel pin of satisfactory integrity are presented. Specifications as to allowable carbon, chromium, iron, nickel, oxygen, and zirconium content are recommended. (auth)

The basic investigation of transistor feedback amplifiers has proven mathematically simple and of great practical value. The behavior of single- stage commonemitier amplifiers is described and provides a building block with which cascaded feedback amplifiers can be analyzed and designed. From the results of this analysis the conditions for minimum drift for cascaded singlestages and cascaded loops have been derived. A transistorized linear amplifier, pulse-height discriminator, scaler, and high-voltage power supply packaged together is a single piece of portable counting gear is under development. The high-gain linear amplifier is the heart of the system and must have good reliability, wide bandwidth, small temperature-drift effects, etc. The amplifier developed has a rise time of 0.5 mu sec and current gain of 7,000, amd is designed to drive a currentpulse discriminator so that only a few volts swing at the output are needed. (auth)

The effects of a number of ternary additions on the constitution, casting, and fabricating characteristics and the physical properties of aluminum- 35 wt.% uranium were investigated. Initial investigations were concerned with the effects of 3 at.% ternary additions on the microstructure and press-forging characteristics of the alloy. It was found that additions of this magnitude often introduced extrinsic phases in the alloy. At the 3 wt% level, additions of germanium, silicon, tin, or zirconium inhibited the formation of UAl/sub 4/ and thereby increased the extent of the aluminum matrix in the alloy. It was also noted that these additions decreased the pressures required for extruding, and the tin addition also improved the homogeneity of cast shapes. Lead and palladium also improved the homogeneity of the cast material; however, neither of these was an effective inhibitor of UAl/sub 4/ and free lead was detected in the alloy to which lead had been added as the ternary. From these studies it appears that tin and zirconium are as effective as silicon in enhancing the fabricating characteristics of rior when evaluated on the bases of casting qualities and recycling characteristics. (auth)

A critical review of the literature revealed no experiments on uranyl ion transfer from an aqueous to a tributyl phosphate phase which positively measured the kinetics of the chemical reaction at the interphase. Drawing isorhythmic lines on a three component diagram gives a complex correlation for the compaction of three sizes of glass beads. Neither the use of thoria sols nor high feed solution concentrations of thorium nitrate gave any significant increase in mean particle diameters over those obtained from nitrate solutions of lower concentrations in flame denitration. A hydraulic film resistance has been detected in the anion exchange of uranyl sulfate into Dowex 2lK, and chloride elution was found to give a higher apparent uranium diffusion coefficient than nitrate elution. The rate of dissolution of mixed thorium-uranium oxides was determined as a function of the per cent of mixed oxides dissolved. Mixing in tanks packed with boron glass Raschig rings is being continued. The SRE hydraulic dejacketer has been operated successfully with prototype fuel rods. Excessive foaming was encountered when sheared stainless-clad UO/sub 2/ was suddenly contacted with boiling 13 M nitric acid. While attempting to shear a prototype Yankee subassembly with Kanigan brazed diffusion bonded joints, a five …

The densities of various Zirflex-type solutions at 25 gas-cooled C can be expressed by the equation: p calc = (0.99710 + 0.03l57 m) + (0.02046 - 0.002659 m)c -(0.0033460.000703 m)c3/2 + 0.14349x + 0.49z where m = moles liter/ sup -1/ NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/, c = moles liter/sup -1/ NH/sub 4/F, x = moles liter/ sup -1/ (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/ZrF/sub 6/, and z = moles liter/sup -1/ UO/sub 2/(NO/ sub 3/)/sub 2/. This eq uation fits the data with a sigma value of 0.00018 g/ml for NH/sub 4/FNH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/ solutions, 0.00024 g/ml for NH/sub 4/F-(NH/sub 4/ )/sub 2/ZrF/sub 6/ solutions, and 0.0002 g/ml for solutions containing UO/sub 2/ (NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/ and/or NH/sub 4/F-NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/ over the range of 0.0M to 6.0M NH/sub 4/F, 0.0M to 1.6M NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/, 0.0M to 0.5M (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/ ZrF/sub 6/, and 0.0M to 0.0025M UO/sub 2/(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/. (auth)

ABS>The physical and chemical properties of lithium hydride are described, based on reasonably full coverage of the available unclassified literature as of July 1, 1960. Where possible, the data are presented critically. Lithium deuteride and lithium hydride gases are included. Practical matters such as thermal stability, corrosive character, utilization, handling, fabrication, and analysis are discussed. This report replaces report NYO-3957 and its supplement NYO-8022. 230 references. (auth)

This report discusses the request of the Hanford Operations Office, Atomic Energy Commission, for replacing the code word {open_quotes}Birch{close_quotes} with a new code word {open_quotes}Brandy,{close_quotes} and the word {open_quotes}Wine{close_quotes} to replace the code word {open_quotes}Bark{close_quotes} has been officially approved by the AEC Headquarters, Washington, DC.

A combination of chemical and electrolytic polishing was successful in the metallographic preparation of Zr--1% Cu and Zr--1.6% Cu alloys. Chemical polishing produced flat surfaces that were suitable for examination with polarized light but were not suitable for examination with bright-field illumination. Electrolytic polishing applied to ground or mechanically polished specimens produced surfaces that were well etched but often were pitted heavily. A chemical polish followed by a short electrolytic polish produced microstructures suitable for examination with both bright-field and polarized light at high or low magnifications. (auth)

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A number of approaches have been considered regarding the feasibility of separable high explosive systems for possible application in the Super Safe Program (Ambassador). After a very brief and limited investigation we have categorized various systems and given examples. The two basic approaches in the Ambassador program appear to be: Movement of fissionable material, and movement of explosives. Since explosives are our business, we will comment only on the latter approach. Movement of the explosive could entail small amounts of HE, such as for a detonator, booster, or a portion of the main charge.. These possibilities tend to beg the issue of true safety and dispersal. Movement of the entire main charge or of separate non HE components is certainly more desirable. Separable explosive systems are discussed.

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Particle size distribution of three batches of Hercules-supplied HMX were analyzed. The sizes were determined by the specified sieve analysis having a nest range of 180 through 10 ..mu... These sieves were used to comply with Hercules requests; they are also those customarily used for HMX qualification. Five analyses for each batch were performed on the material >10 ..mu.. and duplicates analysis for the <10 ..mu.. material.

We propose to expose the NAL 15-foot hydrogen bubble chamber to 200 GeV protons. We intend to take 20,000 pictures. Multiparticle final states will be studied by measuring the momenta of all charged final state particles with the exception of a few very fast tracks where at least the charge and the emission angle of the particle will be determined. Comparison with various models for high energy multiparticle production will be made. Additionally, K{sup o} and {Lambda} production will be studied as well as {pi}{sup o} production and the correlation between {pi}{sup o} and charged particles.