This article reviews the recent measurement of D{sup 0}-{bar D}{sup 0} mixing with the D{sup 0} {yields} K{pi} decay channel from the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B-Factory. Averages from the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group between this result and a previous result from BELLE are also presented.

This paper describes recent experience in re-evaluating the dose to an employee. This employee was plagued with skin disorders for years, but he questioned his recorded beta dose only after a recent LLNL cancer study began collecting data. He was concerned that his radiation dose recorded during the time he worked on a fission burst reactor experiment in 1963 did not represent the actual dose he received. About six months were spent gathering information, putting the information together, making necessary calculations, and reaching a reasonable result (a reasonable result being one for which the known information fits the calculated results with a minimum of inconsistencies). This paper presents the beta and gamma whole-body and hand radiation dose calculations, and compares these calculated dose rates with the meter, film, and pocket dosimeter information recorded in the health and safety log, operation log, and dosimetry record.

This report addresses the secondary aerosol is an important component of atmospheric fine particles that generally consists of organics, sulfates, and nitrates.

An international round robin study was conducted on the absorption measurement of laser-quality coatings. Sets of optically coated samples were made by a ''reactive DC magnetron'' sputtering and an ion beam sputtering deposition process. The sample set included a high reflector at 514 nm and a high reflector for the near infrared (1030 to 1318 nm), single layers of silicon dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, and hafnium dioxide. For calibration purposes, a sample metalized with hafnium and an uncoated, superpolished fused silica substrate were also included. The set was sent to laboratory groups for absorptance measurement of these coatings. Whenever possible, each group was to measure a common, central area and another area specifically assigned to the respective group. Specific test protocols were also suggested in regards to the laser exposure time, power density, and surface preparation.

A discrete-time Markov process can be compactly modeled as a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN)--a graphical model with nodes representing random variables and directed edges indicating causality between variables. Each node has a probability distribution, conditional on the variables represented by the parent nodes. A DBN's graphical structure encodes fixed conditional dependencies between variables. But in real-world systems, conditional dependencies between variables may be unknown a priori or may vary over time. Model errors can result if the DBN fails to capture all possible interactions between variables. Thus, we explore the representational framework of adaptive DBNs, whose structure and parameters can change from one time step to the next: a distribution's parameters and its set of conditional variables are dynamic. This work builds on recent work in nonparametric Bayesian modeling, such as hierarchical Dirichlet processes, infinite-state hidden Markov networks and structured priors for Bayes net learning. In this paper, we will explain the motivation for our interest in adaptive DBNs, show how popular nonparametric methods are combined to formulate the foundations for adaptive DBNs, and present preliminary results.

A high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) generator called the Advanced Helical Generator (AHG) has been designed, built, and successfully tested. The AHG incorporates design principles of voltage and current management to obtain a high current and energy gain. Its design was facilitated by the use of modern modeling tools as well as high precision manufacture. The result was a first-shot success. The AHG delivered 16 Mega-Amperes of current and 11 Mega-Joules of energy to a quasi-static 80 nH inductive load. A current gain of 154 times was obtained with a peak exponential rise time of 20 {micro}s. We will describe in detail the design and testing of the AHG.

The light-front quantization of gauge theories in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitarity, and a Fock space built on a trivial vacuum. The AdS/CFT correspondence has led to important insights into the properties of quantum chromodynamics even though QCD is a broken conformal theory. We have recently shown how a model based on a truncated AdS space can be used to obtain the hadronic spectrum of q{bar q}, qqq and gg bound states, as well as their respective light-front wavefunctions. Specific hadrons are identified by the correspondence of string modes with the dimension of the interpolating operator of the hadron's valence Fock state, including orbital angular momentum excitations. The predicted mass spectrum is linear M {proportional_to} L at high orbital angular momentum, in contrast to the quadratic dependence M{sup 2}/L found in the description of spinning strings. Since only one parameter, the QCD scale {Lambda}{sub QCD}, is introduced, the agreement with the pattern of physical states is remarkable. In particular, the ratio of {Delta} to nucleon trajectories is determined by the ratio of zeros of Bessel functions. As a specific application of QCD dynamics from AdS/CFT duality, …

This paper from the 2016 Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry conference proceedings describes the use of a classical trajectory simulation to study the formation of an antihydrogen beam by transporting an antiproton beam through an electron-positron plasma that produces magnetobound positronium.

This paper reports on experiments aimed at developing a new high-intensity H{sup -} ion source with long lifetime whose concept had recently been introduced. Starting from the motivation for this effort, several steps of the earlier development work are recapitulated, and the performance of the latest design variant is discussed in detail. The basic concept consists in coupling an ECR ion source to a standard SNS multi-cusp H{sup -} ion source that is driven by pulsed dc, rather than rf, power. As a key result, an electron beam of 1.5 A current has been extracted from the ECR discharge operating at 1.9 kW c. w. power, and a maximum discharge current of 17.5 A was achieved in the H{sup -} ion source. Production of H{sup -} ions, however could not yet been demonstrated in the one, preliminary, experiment conducted so far. The paper concludes by outlining further envisaged development steps for the plasma generator and an expansion towards a novel extraction system.

The goal of demonstrating ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has motivated a revisit of double-shell (DS) targets as a complementary path to the cryogenic baseline approach. Expected benefits of DS ignition targets include non-cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel preparation, minimal hohlraum-plasma mediated laser backscatter, low threshold ignition temperatures ({approx} 4 keV) for relaxed hohlraum x-ray flux asymmetry tolerances, and minimal (two-) shock timing requirements. On the other hand, DS ignition presents several formidable challenges, encompassing room-temperature containment of high-pressure DT ({approx} 790 atm) in the inner shell, strict concentricity requirements on the two shells (< 3 {micro}m), development of nano-porous (<100 nm) low-density (<100 mg/cc) metallic foams for structural support of the inner shell and hydrodynamic instability mitigation, and effective control of hydrodynamic instabilities on the high-Atwood number interface between the DT fuel and the high-Z inner shell. Recent progress in DS ignition designs and required materials-science advances at the nanoscale are described herein. Two new ignition designs that use rugby-shaped vacuum hohlraums are presented which utilize either 1 MJ or 2 MJ of laser energy at 3{omega}. The capability of the NIF to generate the requested reverse-ramp pulse shape for DS ignition is expected to be comparable to …

UV antireflection coatings are a challenging coating for high power laser applications as exemplified by the use of uncoated Brewster's windows in laser cavities. In order to understand the current laser resistance of UV AR coatings in the industrial and university sectors, a double blind laser damage competition was performed. The coatings have a maximum reflectance of 0.5% at 355 nm at normal incidence. Damage testing will be performed using the raster scan method with a 7.5 ns pulse length on a single testing facility to facilitate direct comparisons. In addition to the laser resistance results, details of deposition processes and coating materials will also be shared.

Article discussing research on the biodiversity of the dominant vegetation in the world's southernmost forests and tundra ecosystems.

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The AGS Distributed Control System (AGSDCS) uses a relational database (Interbase) for the storage of all data on the host system network. This includes the static data which describes the components of the accelerator complex, as well as data for application program setup and data records that are used in analysis. By creating a mapping of each elation in the database to a C record and providing general tools for relation (record) across, all the data in the database is available in a natural fashion (in structures) to all the C programs on any of the nodes of the control system. In this paper the correspondence between the Interbase elations and the C structure is detailed with examples of C typedefs and relation definitions. It is also shown how the relations can be put into memory and linked (related) together when fast access is needed by programs. 1 ref., 2 tabs.

The onset of>1000 years of Younger Dryas cooling, broad-scale extinctions, and the disappearance of the Clovis culture in North America simultaneously occurred 12,900 years ago followed immediately by the appearance of a carbon-rich black layer at many locations. In situ bones of extinct megafauna and Clovis tools occur only beneath this black layer and not within or above it. At the base of the black mat at 9 Clovis-age sites in North America and a site in Belgium numerous extraterrestrial impact markers were found including magnetic grains highly enriched in iridium, magnetic microspherules, vesicular carbon spherules enriched in cubic, hexagonal, and n-type nanodiamonds, glass-like carbon containing Fullerenes and nanodiamonds, charcoal, soot, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The same impact markers were found mixed throughout the sediments of 15 Carolina Bays, elliptical depressions along the Atlantic coast, whose parallel major axes point towards either the Great Lakes or Hudson Bay. The magnetic grains and spherules have an unusual Fe/Ti composition similar to lunar Procellarum KREEP Terrane and the organic constituents are enriched in 14C leading to radiocarbon dates often well into the future. These characteristics are inconsistent with known meteorites and suggest that the impact was by a previous unobserved, possibly extrasolar …

This review aims to find effective phytoconstituents in cataract treatments in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Scientists have focused their attention not only for anti-cataract activity in vitro, but also in ex vivo and in vivo from the review of active phytoconstituents in medicinal plants. In our present review, we identified 58 active phytoconstituents with strong anti-cataract effects at in vitro and ex vivo with lack of in vivo studies.

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Several types of carbonaceous materials from Superior Graphite Co. were investigated for lithium ion intercalation. These commercially available cokes, graphitized cokes and graphites have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The coke materials were investigated in propylene carbonate based electrolytes and the graphitic materials were studied in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl solutions to prevent exfoliation. The reversible capacities of disordered cokes are below 230 mAh/g and those for many highly ordered synthetic (artificial) and natural graphites approached 372 mAh/g (LiC{sub 6}). The irreversible capacity losses vary between 15 to as much as 200% of reversible capacities for various types of carbon. Heat treated cokes with the average particle size of 10 microns showed marked improvements in reversible capacity for lithium intercalation. The electrochemical characteristics are correlated with data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area analysis. The electrochemical performance, availability, cost and manufacturability of these commercial carbons will be discussed.

GaInP/GaAs cells invented and developed at NREL have achieved world-record efficiencies. We estimate that their production for space applications has grown to > $100 million/yr. Approximately 300 MW/yr of 1000X terrestrial concentrator cells could be fabricated with the existing manufacturing capacity at a cost of about 21{cents}/Wp. A resurgence of interest in terrestrial PV concentrators, together with the strength of the III-V space-solar-cell industry, indicate that III-V cells are also attractive for terrestrial applications.

Rate equations for the plasma species in a thermal barrier end plug establish an upper bound on the neutral pressure (P) external to the plasma. For the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U), this bound is P less than or equal to 0.5 - 1.0 x 10/sup -6/ Torr. Initially TMX-U did not satisfy this criterion, and axial end plugging of plasma losses seemed limited by the excessive pressure. Subsequently, we modified the machine to improve the vacuum conditions, decreasing P to the desired range. At the same time axial end plugging of plasma losses increased to the duration of neutral beam injection and ECRH heating. Here we summarize our experimental measurements of gas input.

Cryosorption vacuum pumps continue to be the principal type of pumping systems considered for power-producing fusion reactors. In this context, a compound-pump concept is generally employed in which the helium pump is placed behind the hydrogen pump so that hydrogen will not condense on and hence block the 4.2 K helium cryosorption surface. To obtain an optimal design for such a pump, the amount of hydrogen which can reach the helium panel has been determined. Catastrophic failure of a cryosorption pump was observed in previous work when a 95% hydrogen-5% helium mixture was tested. No such failure has occurred in our studies with 4, 10, and 20% hydrogen. However, significant changes in pumping speed have been noted when only 4% hydrogen is present. Both helium and hydrogen speeds are reduced to approximately one-half to one-third of the pure compound speed. Many of the qualitative aspects of the behavior of the pump for pure helium are also observed for the hydrogen-helium mixtures. Cyclic variation in pumping speed above a helium feed rate of approx. 6 x 10/sup -6/ torr-L/s.cm/sup 2/ is one such similarity; however, at the 4% hydrogen level, the period between instabilities is longer for the mixtures.

We present preliminary results of maximum-likelihood Dalitz plot analyses performed by the BABAR Collaboration of the charmless hadronic decays B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}, B{sup +} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}, and B{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}. We report inclusive decay rates, as well as fractions and phases for intermediate resonant decays.We also report CP-violating charge asymmetries for intermediate resonant decays of neutral B mesons.

In order to confirm benefits of a deep sub-micron FD-SOI and to identify possible issues concerning front-end circuits with the FD-SOI, we have submitted a small design to Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. via the multi-chip project service of VDEC, the University of Tokyo. The initial test results and future plans for development are presented.

This paper describes the design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry (PoE). Included in this paper are descriptions of the elements that compose U.S. border security. The physical security design will describe the various elements that make up the process as well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry and exit of illegal contraband will be emphasized.