The first portion of the report, from the Executive Summary (page 1) through the Schedule of Milestones (page 10), gives a general overview which highlights our progress and problems for the second year. The Task report portion of the text, written by individual task investigators, is designed primarily for scientists interested in technical details of the second year's work. The second portion of the report consists of appendices of data compiled by the principal investigators.

A general review of national solar energy programs is provided. An executive summary and a brief history of the Federal solar energy program are presented. The issues and implications of the National Energy Plan that relate to solar energy development ae discussed. An overview is provided of the present Federal solar energy program, including the activities of several Federal agencies outside the Department of Energy. Some of the non-Federal solar energy programs ae reviewed, including international programs in which the U.S. has some role, programs of state and local governments, college and university programs, the work of private industry, and individual and small scale activities. A synposis of the major categories of solar technology is provided. Each chapter discusses a particular technology area and includes a basic technological description; a summary of the goals and activities of the Federal R and D program for the technology; significant events and development of the past year; and a brief overview of problems, uncertainties, and dissenting views. Three appendices include a synopsis of major energy events of 1977; a glossary of technical terms, abbreviations, and acronyms, and a table of conversion factors. (MHR)

Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied for the first time to high-purity germanium p-i-n diodes. Using the correlator technique, a large number of peaks due to acceptor levels in the forbidden band have been observed. The levels due to substitutional copper, to copper--hydrogen complexes and to divacancy-hydrogen defects have been positively identified. Several unknown levels have been discovered. The results obtained with DLTS are in excellent agreement with results from Hall-effect measurements. DLTS is the perfect tool to follow the creation and annealing of radiation defects.

The discharge tube and circuitry has been assembled and tested and awaits the addition of metal vapor for the first discharge and gain tests. Further problems with the discharge tube as a result of high voltage arcing were encountered and finally overcome. Materials testing with cadmium has demonstrated that stainless steel and Inconel are suitable for fabrication materials while Monel is not. An investigation of scaling considerations of a single pulse metal vapor laser system was initiated and some preliminary assessments are detailed below. Inverse Bremsstrahlung pumping of a metal vapor system is discussed as a possible alternate to a conventional e-beam stabilized discharge.

An experimental technique is proposed for measuring the fusion product leakage from the PLT and TFTR tokamaks. The experiment would use two detectors (one at the top and one at the outboard side of the torus) shielded, and facing away from the plasma so that fusion products can enter along gyro-helices. (MOW)

Data are presented on the relative yields of ..pi../sup + -/, K/sup + -/, p and anti p with momenta between 60 and 370 GeV/c produced at forward angles by 400 GeV/c protons incident on a beryllium target.

In accordance with the US--USSR Cooperative Program in MHD joint US--USSR tests were conducted in May 1978 at the U-02 facility of an MHD generator section consisting of U.S.-built electrode blocks and USSR-built insulating walls. The main purpose of the experiment was to conduct continuous 100-hour duration tests of materials and structures of electrode blocks; in particular, to study the behavior of ceramic electrodes and insulators in operating conditions of an MHD generator, the electro-physical and thermal characteristics of the working section as a whole and electrodes in particular, and to analyze the change in the phase composition and structure of materials during the test. The main thrust of the experiment was a study of electrode material behavior. Six varieties of electrodes based on doped lanthanum chromite were tested and investigated. The electrodes were made of fine grained, hot-pressed mass (the porosity of the ceramic was 2 to 3%). The interelectrode insulators were made of magnesial and magnesial-spinel ceramic also manufactured by the hot pressing method. Results are presented and discussed.

On-site (North Knobs, Wyoming) activities centered around geologic and hydrologic drilling and baseline environmental data acquisition. Design of an all-weather access road was completed and construction is pending. An accelerated burn schedule was planned and budget costs were revised to reflect this change. The Permit to Mine application has been finished and will be filed with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality early in October. Research on additional back-up sites continued. The Project Data Book (referred to in earlier documents as the Blue Book and the Test Design Criteria Handbook) format was refined and updated copies were issued. Offsite engineering activities included completion of the instrumentation system requirements and development of a preliminary layout of the site.

The recent growth in the number of light trucks is a matter of considerable interest in that it may have far-reaching implications for gasoline consumption. This paper forecasts the number of light trucks in the years to 2025. The forecast is based on economic scenarios developed by SRI International. Except for the case of the most-dismal economic forecast, the number of light trucks is predicted to increase monotonically and to show the greatest rate of increase between 1973 and 1980.

Since the inception of the hypothesized transition phase, for the late stages of a postulated LMFBR accident, there has been a continual effort to characterize the anticipated conditions of such a hypothetical state. To date, several techniques and methods have been employed to analyze the potential for energetic criticality. As part of this effort, an arbitrary criterian of monotonical dispersiveness has been employed as the measure of diminished recriticality potential. The various attempts to demonstrate monotonic dispersiveness have included experimental demonstrations, theoretical approaches, and integrated analysis using both. As part of this treatment, flow regime maps have been devised as a convenient method for inferring the state of dispersiveness. They included bubbly, churn turbulent, foam and drop fluidized regimes. Of these, foam and drop fluidized regimes were considered the most dispersive. The main thrust of the analysis to date, including flow regime maps, relates primarily to the open pool configuration. However, the bottled configuration may be the pertinent geometry. To date, no reliable escape path has been demonstrated for the advanced stages of core disruption, although strong potential escape mechanisms have been identified and are currently being analyzed. The bottled pool is examined in this paper.

The Containment Systems Test Facility (CSTF) is a 20-meter high, 850m/sup 3/ model containment vessel in which various sodium fire aerosol air cleaning tests are studied for purposes of developing and proof testing air cleaning techniques. The first series of tests was designed to study the properties of sodium fire aerosols without any air cleaning and to provide a data base for model verification using large-scale experiments. To date, three such tests (two pool fire and one spray fire) have been completed and are being analyzed. These tests will be discussed, as will plans for the air cleaning tests to follow.

B-roll video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

Photograph of the I.O.O.F. Hall (located at Main St) in Meridian, Texas.

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.

The original objective of this program was to determine the feasibility of high volume, low-cost production of high purity silane or solar cell grade silicon using a nonequilibrium plasma jet. The emphasis was changed near the end of the program to determine the feasibility of preparing photovoltaic amorphous silicon films directly using this method. The nonequilibrium plasma jet is produced by partially dissociating hydrogen to hydrogen atoms in a 50 to 100 Torr glow discharge and expanding the H/H/sub 2/ mixture through a nozzle. A high flux density of hydrogen atoms is thus produced at concentrations of about 3 mol % with about 30% energy utilization efficiency. The jet is mixed with a second reactant and the reaction proceeds at a temperature of 400 to 600/sup 0/K to produce products. Yields of SiH/sub 4/, SiHCl/sub 3/, or SiH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ from SiCl/sub 4/ and SiHCl/sub 3/ were too low to be economically attractive. However, both amorphous and polycrystalline silicon films which strongly adhered to Pyrex, Vycor, aluminum, or carbon were prepared with either SiCl/sub 4/ or SiHCl/sub 3/ reactants. Preliminary doping experiments with PH/sub 3/ did not alter the electrical resistivity of these films. Strongly adhering films with SiH/sub 4/ …

Nuclear power has been a more important topic than has coal for the print media, and has received somewhat different treatment. Compared to the number of coal articles, almost twice as many nuclear power articles were printed from 1972 through 1976. Also, while the number of nuclear power articles increased somewhat steadily from 1972 through 1976, the number of coal articles peaked in 1974 and has decreased since. The newspapers sampled gave more prominence to nuclear articles in terms of article type and article location. Also, nuclear articles were more often issue-oriented compared to coal articles. Coal articles were most often about coal mining, labor force concerns, and regulations controls. Nuclear power articles, on the other hand, were mostly about reactor operation. The main issues discussed in the coal articles pertained most to political decisions affecting coal use, to strikes, and to health and safety. The main nuclear issues pertained to economics, to health and safety, and to political decisions. Newspapers handled nuclear power articles in a more polarized manner compared to coal articles which were handled in a more neutral manner. Magazine articles were significantly more antinuclear than anticoal. Some qualifications about these conclusions are included. (LTN)

During the past year we have concentrated on defining the circumstances under which methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), benzo(a) pyrene (BP), and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) interact with Friend virus (FLV) to produce leukemia. The optimum scheduling for each and also the effective dose levels of the chemicals have been partially determined. There are at least three critical factors which govern whether or not a leukemogenic interaction can be shown between the chemical agents and the virus. These are chemical dose, virus dose, and their relative time of administration. The most critical of these is virus dose. The optimum virus dose is that which results in between 25 and 40% incidence of leukemia within 40 days after virus infection when virus is given alone. The chemical carcinogens have a lower dose threshold, below which no significant potentiating effect can be observed. The only upper limit would appear to be acute drug toxicity. The third element, timing, is equally critical and varies according to the chemical. This variation may reflect different mechanisms of action by the chemical agents and/or different pharmacology. Data on the effects of MMS, BP, and DMBA on the immune system have indicated that the viral enhancement is probably not dependent on …

As part of an interdisciplinary study to evaluate the potential radiological consequences of wind hazard and earthquake upon existing commercial mixed oxide fuel fabrication plants, the potential mass airborne releases of plutonium (source terms) from such events are estimated. The estimated souce terms are based upon the fraction of enclosures damaged to three levels of severity (crush, puncture penetrate, and loss of external filter, in order of decreasing severity), called damage ratio, and the airborne release if all enclosures suffered that level of damage. The discussion of damage scenarios and source terms is divided into wind hazard and earthquake scenarios in order of increasing severity. The largest airborne releases from the building were for cases involving the catastrophic collapse of the roof over the major production areas--wind hazard at 110 mph and earthquakes with peak ground accelerations of 0.20 to 0.29 g. Wind hazards at higher air velocities and earthquakes with higher ground acceleration do not result in significantly greater source terms. The source terms were calculated as additional mass of respirable particles released with time up to 4 days; and, under these assumptions, approximately 98% of the mass of material of concern is made airborne from 2 h to …

Unnecessary air infiltration (''draftiness'') in buildings can be a major cause for excessive energy consumption. A method for using sound to locate, for subsequent sealing, the openings of air infiltration leakage paths in buildings has been investigated. The results of pertinent analytical studies, laboratory experiments, and field applications of this acoustic-location method are reported; and a plan is provided to encourage national implementation of the method. Low-cost, readily available equipment and procedures are described whereby the average building contractor or homeowner can use acoustic leak location to pinpoint many of the air infiltration openings in a building.

The sodium fire test program and related studies at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) are described. The program is analytical and experimental in scope, with computer code development and experimental verification. Tests have ranged in size from gram quantity laboratory tests to 1600-kg sodium spills. The experimental work is performed in two facilities: the Large Sodium Fire Facility (LSFF) and the Containment Systems Test Facility (CSTF). Sodium fire extinguishment tests which verified the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) secondary sodium fire protection system are described and related informaion on sodium burning rates and smoke release rates are correlated. The burning rates are compared to theoretical predictions based on heat and mass transfer analogy, with good agreement. Comparisons with the SOFIRE-II code are also made. Sodium combustion aerosol properties are defined as to chemical and physical nature, settling in closed vessels and effect of added water vapor. The HAA-3B aerosol behavior computer code is compared to tests in the 850-m/sup 3/ CSTF containment vessel. Sodium spray tests in the CSTF are compared with the SPRAY computer code. An air cleaning program is described, which has the objective of removing high mass concentration sodium combustion aerosols from vented cells and containment …

The equilibrium of strongly inhomogeneous, collisionless, slab plasmas, is studied using a generalized version of a formalism previously developed, which permits the generation of self-consistent equilibria, for plasmas with arbitrary magnetic shear, and variation of magnetic field strength. A systematic procedure is developed for deriving the form of the guiding-center Hamiltonian K, for finite eta, in an axisymmetric geometry. In the process of obtaining K, an expression for the first adiabatic invariant (the gyroaction) is obtained, which generalizes the usual expression 1/2 mv/sub perpendicular//sup 2//..cap omega../sub c/ (..cap omega../sub c/ = eB/mc), to finite eta and magnetic shear. A formalism is developed for the study of the stability of strongly-inhomogeneous, magnetized slab plasmas; it is then applied to the ion-drift-cyclotron instability.

SLSF loop handling system was analyzed for deadweight and postulated dynamic loading conditions, identified in Chapters II and III in Volume I of this report, using a linear elastic static equivalent method of stress analysis. Stress analysis of the loop handling machine is presented in Volume I of this report. Chapter VII in Volume I of this report is a contribution by EG and G Co., who performed the work under ANL supervision.