Currently, the most important expansion market for anthracite is the electrical utilities/power generation area, where the major competitors are other forms of coal. However, anthracite is more expensive to mine than bituminous coal and requires more expensive boilers and other plant equipment. Advantages of anthracite include its geographic location and, most importantly, its low sulfur content and slightly higher heating value relative to bituminous coal. Because of these factors, anthracite is competitive with bituminous coal as a utility boiler fuel only under those NSPS scenarios that permit significantly lower SO/sub 2/ removal costs for an anthracite-fired plant. The cost of electricity under various NSPS scenarios was calculated for a hypothetical 600 Mw 0.7% S anthracite-fired power plant located at, and supplied by, an open-pit mine in eastern Pennsylvania. Calculated costs were compared with those of a comparable of 2% S bituminous-fired plant at the same location. Because of the lower sulfur content of anthracite, the DOE sliding scale alternative would permit significantly lower SO/sub 2/ removal costs for the anthracite plant. For the example case considered, the DOE sliding scale would have the effect of making anthracite competitive with bituminous coal as a utility boiler fuel (as would a flexible …

Support studies for in-situ gasification involved design and construction of a laboratory combustor, measurement of the physical and chemical properties of coke, experiments with the shrinking core combustion model, and calculations of in-situ combustion in thin seams and a review of the in-situ gasification experiments at Gorgas, Alabama. (LTN)

Work during the July-September period was concentrated on the preparation of the Task I report. The Commercial Plant estimate was completed and reviewed by MLGW. A MRC review of the estimate was also conducted. A Plant Configuration study was completed and reviewed by MLGW for enclosure in the Demonstration Plant recommendations. The economic analysis was completed. A preliminary draft of the four volumes of the Task I report was provided to all Industrial Team members and MRC for comments, which were received by the week of September 25th.

This project's overall purpose is to develop a Morgantown low-Btu gasifier system simulation program. The gasifier system consists of a moving bed gasifier and a gas clean-up system, and the present report concerns steady-state simulation of the gasifier. Since the gasifier output controls the performance of the gas clean-up system, it is necessary to investigate the effects of steam/coal and oxygen/coal ratios and of feed temperature on the gasifier output. Simulation of the gasifier performance, therefore, was undertaken to gain quantitative understanding of these effects. This gasifier simulation program will be coupled with a gas clean-up system simulation program now under development. Simulation of the entire gasifier system will serve as a guideline in planning experiments to enable its optimum overall operation.

The collection, analysis, and review of existing data on a community's service requirements are documented. The research focused on the analysis of energy-using activities including both micro activities such as space heating, cooking, lighting, and transportation; and macro activities such as providing shelter, health care, education, etc. The technical report describes the analytical framework developed for community description; describes an indexing system by which a catalog of services can be accessed; illustrates the application of the data to an existing community; and provides ancillary information on data availability. A catalog of data is presented which includes several sets of indices which facilitate access of data using various keys. Abstracts of 48 data sources are analyzed. Each abstract includes a description and evaluation of the data, a sampling of that data, an assessment as to how that data may be applied to other analyses, and a reference where the user can secure additional data. (MCW)

The appendices include (A) design compliance with DOE 001 specification, (B) General Electric heliostat parts list and drawings, (C) specular solar transmittance and reflectance measurements, (D) preliminary draft-design specification for conceptual design of automatic foundation machine, (E) Ingersoll-Rand critique of GE automatic foundation machine concept, and (F) appendix to section 4.0 - controls and drives. (WHK)

Solid-state electrochemical techniques are applied to the Ga-In-Sb-O system to measure some thermodynamic properties important for the analysis of solid-liquid phase equilibria in these important semiconductor materials. The standard Gibbs energies of formation of the most stable oxides of gallium and of indium are determined with a high-temperature solid-state electrochemical cell utilizing calcia-stabilized zirconia as the solid electrolyte and a (CO + CO/sub 2/) gaseous mixture as the reference electrode.

Theoretical and experimental research efforts in evaluating an innovative concept for vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) are described. The concept is that of using straight blades composed of circulation controlled airfoil sections. The theoretical analysis has been developed to determine the unsteady lift and moment characteristics of multiple-blade cross-flow wind turbines. To determine the drag data needed as input to the theoretical analysis, an outdoor test model VAWT has been constructed; design details, instrumentation, and calibration results are reported. Initial testing is with fixed pitch blades having cross-sections of conventional symmetrical airfoils. Costs of building the test model are included, as well as estimates for blades constructed with composite materials. These costs are compared with those of other types of wind turbines.

Core hole DC-8 was completed in August, 1978 by Boyles Brothers Drilling Company, Spokane, Washington, under subcontract to Fenix and Scission, Inc. The hole was cored for the US Department of Energy and the Rockwell Hanford Operations' Basalt Waste Isolation Program. Fenix and Scisson, Inc. furnished the engineering, daily supervision of the core drilling activities, and geologic core logging for hole DC-8. Core hole DC-8 is located on the Hanford Site near the Wye Barricade and 50 feet northwest of rotary hole DC-7. The Hanford Site vation coordinates for DC-8 are North 14,955.94 feet and West 14,861.92 coordinates for DC-8 are North 14,955.94 feet and West 14,861.92 mean sea level. The purpose of core hole DC-8 was to core drill vertically through the basalt and interbed units for stratigraphic depth determination and core collection, and to provide a borehole for hydrologic testing and cross-hole seismic shear and pressure wave velocity studies with rotary hole DC-7. The total depth of core hole DC-8 was 4100.5 feet. Core recovery exceeded 97 percent of the total footage cored.

The effect of microstructure of two phase alloys, consisting of a softer, ductile matrix and a harder interspersed phase, on erosion behavior was determined. The stress and strain distribution in a two phase alloy where the second, hard phase is a distribution of particles in a more ductile matrix was calculated. It was determined that a spheroidized 1075 carbon steel eroded 30 percent less than a pearlitic microstructure of the same steel even though the spherodized form was 21 R/sub B/ points of hardness lower than that of the pearlitic steel. The computerized calculation of stresses and strains from the impact of eroding particles on a two phase alloy surface were used to define the ability of the particle impact to induce voids and cracks in the target material that could cause material loss. The resultant predicted voids and cracks were related to experimentally determined behavior of spherodized steel.

The geology and hydrology of the Tigre Lagoon Gas Field and the structural and depositional basin in which it occurs, as described, define a hydrodynamic system which has been in operation for millions of years. Fluid entrapment and geopressuring of the deposits has resulted in steepened geothermal gradients, accelerated maturation and thermal degradation (cracking) of fluid hydrocarbons, thermal diagenesis of certain clay minerals with release of much bound and intracrystalline water as free pore water, and a systematic fluid migration history controlled by the sand-bed aquifers in the basin, and by upward leakage at growth faults wherever fluid pressures approached or exceeded rock pressures. Observed geotemperature, geopressure, water salinity, and natural gas occurrence in the study area conform with the conceptual model developed.

The energy supply and demand picture of these two states is sketched. The perceived legal and institutional problems facing geothermal are shown against the backdrop of this broader, energy policy portrait. The following are discussed: the Bonneville Power Administration - regional power broker; other key institutional players; industrial users, public utilities, two state governments, and one regional commission; and a legal/institutional agenda for the Pacific Region team. (MHR)

The problems discussed confronting future geothermal development in Hawaii include: a seemingly insoluble mismatch of resource and market; the burgeoning land claims of the Native Hawaiian community; a potential legal challenge to the State's claim to hegemony over all of Hawaii's geothermal resources, regardless of surface ownership; resistance to any sudden, large scale influx of Mainland industry, and questionable economics for the largest potential industrial users. (MHR)

The purpose of the present paper is to provide an introduction to the theory of social choice and related disciplines, and to relate this theory to the concrete problem of nuclear waste management. In Section I of this report, an overview of the problem is provided. In Section II, two candidate preference aggregation procedures that can be used to identify a socially optimal waste management policy are identified. In Section III, a somewhat lengthy defense of the use of these two aggregation procedures is presented. Each is shown to be compatible with four intuitively appealing criteria of collective decision-making. In Section IV the application of one of the procedures to the evaluation of waste management alternatives is discussed. In Section V the problem of inferring evaluation parameters from expert and laypersons' judgments is addressed.

The potential radiological impact of the siting of 20 light-water reactors and associated nuclear fuel cycle facilities on the Hanford reservation was evaluated by calculating the potential radiation doses received by individuals and populations in the vicinity of the reservation. The largest contributor to the potential radiation doses, to both the individual and the 50-mile population, were the effluents from the conceptual 1500 MT/yr fuel reprocessing plant. The effluents from the 20 reactors combined was the second largest contributor. The radiation dose contributions from the 300 MT/yr mixed oxide fuel fabrication plant were insignificant. The highest organ dose from all facilities combined was 24 mrem/yr to the child thyroid; followed by 8 mrem/yr to the adult thyroid. The 50-year collective dose commitment to the population within 50 miles was about 50 man-rem for most organs of reference, while the estimate for bone was 70 man-rem. With the exception of /sup 85/Kr, the release rates of radionuclides were within the EPA guidelines. Removal of about 90% of the 4 x 10/sup 5/ Ci/yr per gigawatt-year of electricity of /sup 85/Kr from the fuel reprocessing plant gaseous effluents would be required for compliance with the EPA guidelines.

Test results are presented which more precisely define the amounts of fine particles required to obtain both adequate paste flow and strength development in Portland cement. Controlled particle size ranges with maximum sizes of 45, 20, and 14 microns were used with various amounts (0 to 45%) of 8 to 1 micron added fines. Better strength development was obtained with a maximum particle size of 20 microns than with 45 or 14 microns at equal finenesses, (2,900 to 3,000 cm/sup 2//g), or with normally ground cement of higher fineness (3,655 cm/sup 2//g). The flow of pastes made with this 20 micron cement was not quite as good as that of the 45 micron or normally ground cements. The data indicate that increasing the maximum particle size to 30 microns may be advantageous, and that the amounts of added fines for optimum performance lies between about 10 and 25%. Materials are being prepared for the further tests with maximum particle sizes of 30 and 20 microns with 10 to 25% fines additions.

The major players and the major difficulties each presents to geothermal development in Alaska are sketched. The following are included: the Alaskan natives, the posture of the state of Alaska, and the federal lands. (MHR)

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Red-checked tablecloths farm tools and canning jars create the atmosphere at The Old Barn in Guthrie."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Garden Scene with Lady" by Lee Lukin Kaula will be shown at the Oklahoma Museum of Art."

Photograph used for a story in the Oklahoma Times newspaper. Caption: "Central State's football team has coach Gary Howard "pretty happy". but Saturday's close game with East Texas have him a few tense moments."

Photograph taken for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Oklahoma State Fair 1978-1979"

Photograph taken for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "In an attempt to reconstruct the plane, Pacific Southwest Airlines and National Transportation Safety Board personnel examine parts of the Boeing 727 Friday which crashed over a San Diego last Monday, killing 150 people after a collision with a small private aircraft."

This report is one of a series documenting the results of the Swedish-American cooperative research program in which the cooperating scientists explore the geological, geophysical, hydrological, geochemical, and structural effects anticipated from the use of a large crystalline rock mass as a geologic repository for nuclear waste. This paper is broken down into the following 2 parts: (1) An appraisal of hard rock for potential underground repositories of radioactive waste; and (2) In situ heating experiments in hard rock--Their objectives and design.

Electrical, mechanical, thermal, and neutron response data indicate that microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes are viable candidates as miniature, ruggedized neutron detectors for flight test applications in future weapon systems.