China’s economy continues to be a concern to U.S. policymakers. On the one hand, China’s economic growth presents huge opportunities for U.S. exporters. On the other hand, the surge in Chinese exports to the United States has put competitive pressures on many U.S. industries. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that greater efforts should be made to pressure China to fully implement its WTO commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency peg and its use of subsidies to support its SOEs. In addition, recent bids by Chinese state-owned firms to purchase various U.S. firms have raised concerns among Members over the impact such acquisitions could have on U.S. national and economic security.

China’s economy continues to be a concern to U.S. policymakers. On the one hand, China’s economic growth presents huge opportunities for U.S. exporters. On the other hand, the surge in Chinese exports to the United States has put competitive pressures on many U.S. industries. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that greater efforts should be made to pressure China to fully implement its WTO commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency peg and its use of subsidies to support its SOEs. In addition, recent bids by Chinese state-owned firms to purchase various U.S. firms have raised concerns among Members over the impact such acquisitions could have on U.S. national and economic security.

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Concerned with Taiwan's growing assertiveness in world affairs, symbolized recently by Taiwan President Lee Teng-hui's June 1995 visit to the United States, Beijing has shifted to a harder line toward Taiwan.

U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. China is now the third largest U.S. trading partner, its second largest source of imports, and its fourth largest export market. However, U.S.-China commercial ties have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China, China's refusal to float its currency, and failure to fully comply with its World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments, especially its failure to provide protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). This report explores these issues in detail, especially concerning the lack of protection for U.S. IPR.

U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past several years. China is now the third largest U.S. trading partner, its second largest source of imports, and its fourth largest export market. However, U.S.-China commercial ties have been strained by a number of issues, including a surging U.S. trade deficit with China, China's refusal to float its currency, and failure to fully comply with its World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments, especially its failure to provide protection for U.S. intellectual property rights (IPR). This report explores these issues in detail, especially concerning the lack of protection for U.S. IPR.

This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. The relations also have been marred by continuing allegations of Chinese espionage, ongoing controversy over human rights, charges that China continues to violate its non-proliferation commitments, controversy over the accidental NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, and renewed tensions over Taiwan. The report describes current issues in U.S.-China relations such as; Human Rights Issues, Issues in U.S.-China Security Relations, Economic Issues, and Sovereignty Issues: Taiwan, Tibet, Hong Kong.

This report discusses the background information and most recent development in U.S.-China relations since mid-1996. Since the early 1990s, U.S.-China relations have followed an uneven course, with modest improvements overshadowed by various recurring difficulties and setbacks. Longstanding bilateral difficulties have included U.S. problems with the PRC’s worsening human rights record, growing tensions over the PRC’s southern military build-up opposite Taiwan and Taiwan’s political status, and continued controversy over allegations of Chinese proliferation of weapons to unstable regimes.

The purpose of this report is to provide background for and summarize current developments in U.S. - People’s Republic of China (PRC) relations, including current and pending congressional actions involving the PRC.

This CRS Report discusses security concerns, significant congressional and administration action, and a comprehensive chronology pertaining to satellite exports to the PRC. The report discusses issues for U.S. foreign and security policy (including that on China and weapons nonproliferation), such as: What are the benefits and costs of satellite exports to China for U.S. economic and security interests? Should the United States continue, change, or cease the policy in place since the Reagan Administration that has allowed exports of satellites to China (for its launch and – increasingly – for its use)? Etc.

Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. China has taken some steps to mollify U.S. concerns about its role in weapons proliferation. Skeptics question whether China's cooperation in weapons nonproliferation has warranted President Bush's pursuit of stronger bilateral ties. This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s.

Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. China has taken some steps to mollify U.S. concerns about its role in weapons proliferation. Skeptics question whether China's cooperation in weapons nonproliferation has warranted President Bush's pursuit of stronger bilateral ties. This report discusses the national security problem of China's role in weapons proliferation and issues related to the U.S. policy response, including legislation, since the mid-1990s.

The bid by the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) to acquire the U.S. energy company Unocal for $18.5 billion raised many issues with U.S. policymakers. This report provides an overview and analysis of the CNOOC bid, U.S. interests, implications for U.S. energy security, U.S. investment in the PRC’s (People’s Republic of China’s) oil industry, the process for reviewing the security and other implications of foreign investment in the United States, Congressional activity, and a listing of unresolved issues.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia; North Africa; Mediterranean; Belgian Congo; Western Europe; Solomons; New Guinea; Iceland; China; Siberia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show Battle areas in the Southwest Pacific; the Mediterranean arena. Includes photographs: Well-dressed commando; Pudding for a Panzer; Avro Lancaster bomber; Moving tanks up; Tanks train in the U.S. deserts. Back: Russian Armored Vehicles. Includes text descriptions of 8 tanks and 28 photographs.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, Madagascar, New Guinea, North Africa, China, Solomon Islands, Shipping, Galapagos Islands, Western Europe, Iceland. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show The push on Port Moresby; The Russian front. Includes photographs: The flag goes up, Marine bombers take off, Badly damged hangar, Inspecting a Flying Fortress at Malta, Memorial services for those killed during the Battle of Midway, Business end of Pom-Pom, Catafighter, U.S. Marines toughen up each other. Back: Maps Are Not True For All Purposes. 15 illustrations are accompanied by text describing some of the methods used to represent the world on a two-dimensional surface.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, Madagascar, Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Aleutians, Far Eastern waters, Midway, China, West Coast, Western Europe, Mediterranean. Large map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show: Madagascar; Russian front (southern sectors), Madagascar in Africa Includes photographs: Night falls in North Africa; Stinger [twin machine-gun]; It was "impossible" [Capt. Edward Ellsberg's sub salvage work]; Blimps hunt subs. Back: Somewhere in Alaska. 13 photographs are captioned. Text headlined: Alaska's Defenders Go Underground. Includes map labeled: Still Our Northern Frontier.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: North Africa, Russia, Madagascar, Solomons, New Guinea, China, Burma, Western Europe. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show the drive on Port Moresby, East China, South Russia. Includes photographs: "Jap midget starts new mission", Testing M4 tanks, Japanese target [Port Moresby air field], Russian front-- Kuban sector, Victory fleet. Back: Jungle Warfare. 18 photographs showing scenes of jungle warfare accompanied by text describing the challenges faced by soldiers in that environment.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts : Eastern front, Italy, Southwest Pacific, Central Pacific, Burma, China, North France, South France. Maps show: Japanese and American controlled areas throughout the Mariana and Caroline Islands; military actions in Europe during the week; Japanese advancement into Burma and China; France. Back: [text and ill.] Crew, 147,142 men and women [making/using war planes].

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts : France, Eastern front, Philippines, Italy, China. Maps: Europe; Where American 3rd and 7th armies joined forces [France-Germany]; Central Asia: China attacks/Jap drives/B-29 target [markers on a map of China near Chungking]; [Advances in Italy and the Balkans]. Photographs: Sgt. Lewis F. Clancy talks over old times with Petit Victor in Oise, France; B-24 Liberators are hit and downed by Luftwaffe in Austria. Back: A chronological series of maps illustrate the conquest and liberation of France [1939-1944]. Includes photograph: French children salute and wave at soldiers in an armored tank.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: France, Pacific, Italy, China-Burma, Eastern front. Maps: North Burma; France; Western Pacific; Warsaw. Insets: Palau Islands; Morotai. Back:"Mindanao, Philippine Islands." Two different oblique views of the island. The large image shows it as seen from the southwest.

In Part I, this CRS report discusses the policy on “one China” since the United States began in 1971 to reach understandings with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing. Part II documents the evolution of the “one China” principle as articulated in key statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei. The U.S. policy on “one China” has evolved to cover three issues: sovereignty, peaceful resolution, and cross-strait dialogue.

The bilateral relationship between the U.S. and the People's Republic of China (PRC) is vitally important, touching on a wide range of areas including, among others, economic policy, security, foreign relations, and human rights. This report addresses relevant policy questions in current U.S.-China relations, discusses trends and key legislation in the current Congress, and provides a chronology of developments and high-level exchanges.

This report focuses on the implications that certain elements of China’s military modernization may have for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress addressed in this report is: How should China’s military modernization be factored into decisions about U.S. Navy programs? Congress’s decisions on this issue could significantly affect future U.S. Navy capabilities, U.S. Navy funding requirements, and the U.S. defense industrial base, including the shipbuilding industry.

Despite apparently consistent statements in over three decades, the "one China" policy concerning Taiwan remains somewhat ambiguous and subject to different interpretations. Questions have arisen about the policy itself and about the policy in relation to U.S. interests regarding peace and stability. This report discusses U.S. policy on the "one China" policy in regards to three major issues: sovereignty, use of force, and cross-strait dialogue. Since the mid-1990s, U.S. interests in preventing conflict across the Taiwan Strait have been challenged by China's military modernization and Taiwanese moves toward independence that have been perceived in Beijing as provocative. This report describes these issues in detail, including relevant legislation.