The relation of the beam's average linac phase, {phi}{sub 0}, to the final energy spectrum in the SLC linac has been studied by many people over the years, with much of the work left unpublished. In this note we perform a somewhat thorough in vestigation of the problem. First we describe the calculation method, and discuss some common features of the energy spectrum. Then we calculate the value of {phi}{sub 0} that minimizes {delta}{sub rms} for the conceivable range of bunch population and bunch lengths of the SLC linac. This is followed by luminosity calculations, including the sensitivity of luminosity to variations in {phi}{sub 0}. Finally we suggest a practical method of implementing the proper phase setting on the real machine.

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) using RF between 5 and 16 GHz have been developed into stable, reliable sources of highly charged ions produced from a wide range of elements. These devices are currently used as ion sources for cyclotrons, synchrotrons, and heavy-ion linacs for nuclear and relativistic heavy-ion physics. They also serve the atomic physics community as a source of low energy multiply-charged ions. In order to improve their performance both with respect to maximum charge state and beam intensity, ECRIS builders are now designing and constructing sources which will operate at frequencies up to 30 GHz. In this paper we review the present status of operating ECRIS, review recent experimental measurements on plasma parameters, and look at the technology and potential of sources operating at frequencies up to 30 GHz. 14 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

The approach, status, and initial findings of a research project on radon transport through soil and entry into buildings are described. We have constructed two room-size precisely-fabricated basements at a site with relatively homogeneous soil. The structures have adjustable-size openings to the soil, are otherwise very air-tight, and are mechanically ventilated using a system that also controls the indoor-outdoor pressure difference. Numerous probes have been installed in the soil surrounding the structures to permit multipoint measurement of soil moisture content, soil temperature, permeability of soil to air, soil-gas pressure and radon concentration. State-of-the-art instrumentation is being installed for real-time monitoring of these parameters plus structure ventilation rate, indoor and entering soil-gas radon concentrations, and meteorologic parameters for a period of at least one year. Many of the factors that control or influence radon entry will be modified intentionally or by changes in environmental parameters during the course of the measurements. We have found it necessary to design and fabricate a new type of probe for more accurate measurements of soil permeability. We have also verified and improved procedures for more accurate, rapid, multipoint measurements of radon concentrations using a continuous radon monitor. Identical structures, with the same instrumentation, will be …

The carbon concentration in the central region of TFTR discharges with high power neutral beam heating has been measured by charge-extracted recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) of the C{sup +5} n = 3--4 transition in the extreme ultraviolet region. The carbon concentrations were deduced from absolute measurements of the line brightness using a calculation of the beam attenuation and the appropriate cascade-corrected line excitation rates. As a result of the high ion temperatures in most of the discharges, the contribution of beam halo neutrals to the line brightness was significant and therefore had to be included in the modeling of the data. Carbon concentrations have been measured in discharges with I{sub p} = 1.0-1.6 MA and beam power in the range of 2.6-30 MW, including a number of supershots. The results are in good agreement with carbon concentrations deduced from the visible bremsstrahlung Z{sub eff} and metallic impurity concentrations measured by x-ray pulse-height analysis, demonstrating the reliability of the atomic rates used in the beam attenuation and line excitation calculations. Carbon is the dominant impurity species in these discharges; the oxygen concentration measured via CXRS in a high beam power case was 0.0006 of n{sub e}, compard to 0.04 for carbon. Trends …

This report summarizes impact testing of seven Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) high level waste canisters during FY 1988. Impact testing was conducted to demonstrate compliance of DWPF canisters with the drop test specification of the Waste Acceptance Preliminary Specification. The prototypical stainless steel canisters were filled with simulated waste to about 85% capacity at Savannah River Laboratory (SRL). They were received from SRL in April 1988. Each canister was approximately 300 cm (9 ft 10 in.) long, and 61 cm (2 ft) in diameter, and weighed about 2150 kg (4740 lb). Each canister was dropped twice from a height of 7 m (23 ft). The first drop was a vertical bottom impact where the bottom of the canister was oriented parallel to the impact pad. The second was a center-of-gravity-over-the-corner top impact. Procedures used to examine the canisters were the application and analysis of strain circles, helium leak testing, dye penetrant examination, and canister dimensional measurements. 39 refs., 39 figs., 11 tabs.

A review is presented of heavy quark production in {bar p}p, {pi}{sup -}p, and pp interactions at fixed target and collider energies. Calculations of total cross sections and of single quark inclusive differential cross sections d{sup 2}{sigma}/dk{sub T}dy are described including contributions through next-to-leading order in QCD perturbation theory. Comparisons with available data on charm and bottom quark production show good agreement for reasonable values of the charm and bottom quark masses and other parameters. Predictions and open issues in the interpretation of results are summarized. 20 refs., 5 figs.

The results of studies conducted to evaluate the development of the technology for utilizing entrainers for carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) flooding are described. Experiments were conducted to determine the extent of the fluid-property enhancement (gas-phase density and viscosity) of CO{sub 2} + hydrocarbon and CO{sub 2} + crude oil systems in the presence of selected entrainers (cosolvents). The improvement in CO{sub 2}-rich phase hydrocarbon extraction capacity was also determined in the presence of added cosolvents. The hydrocarbon systems used in the study were n-hexadecane and a crude oil sample from Bloomington (TX) field with an API gravity of 22.7{degree}. Preliminary entrainer screening studies were conducted utilizing gas and liquid chromatographic approaches to determine relative affinities of certain cosolvents with target high-molecular-weight hydrocarbon solutes. These solutes ranged in molecular weights from n-decane (n-C{sub 10}) up to n-tetracontane (n-C{sub 40}). These qualitative screening methods were useful in identifying potential cosolvents that may be used for future study. A method of utilizing entrainers to enhance the extraction of polymeric materials into the CO{sub 2}-rich phase was also investigated. This approach utilized a simple extraction apparatus to determine relative degrees of polymer extraction in CO{sub 2}as a function of pressure and the degree of …

We report here the low emittance beam transport line for laser acceleration experiments at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). In order to preserve the low emittance ({approximately} 10{sup -10} m-rad) 50 MeV electron beam, great care has to be paid to the higher-order effects. The low-emittance transport line consists of two parts; the first part performs and emittance selection, and the other part provides the possibility of energy selection and beam transport to the experimental area. 7 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs.

The Whole Building Systems Integration Laboratory (WBSIL) feasibility study was initiated by the US Department of Energy (DOE) to determine the feasibility of constructing a laboratory dedicated to the investigation of whole-building system-integration issues. The Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is conducting this study. To ensure the feasibility study receives a wide range of input, an advisory committee has been formed to assist in establishing the functional criteria for the WBSIL. The advisory committee consists of nationally recognized experts in a variety of disciplines related to building research, design and operation. The original plan was for the advisory committee to provide guidance for the study in three forms. First, the advisory committee was to complete a questionnaire on whole building research issues and products. This was to be followed by the first workshop where the advisory committee would provide information on the need for the WBSIL and on its required design features. Finally, the advisory committee was to meet a second time to provide a review of the conceptual design of the facility and the functional criteria.

We present here the concept of x-ray FELs using high gain, single-pass amplifiers with electron beams accelerated in high gradient structures powered by relativistic klystrons. Other authors have also considered x-ray FELs; the unique aspect of this paper is the use of high gradient acceleration. One of the authors has previously presented preliminary studies on this concept. The intent in this paper is to display the results of a top level design study on a high gain FEL, to present its sensitivity to a variety of fabrication and tuning errors, to discuss several mechanisms for increasing gain yet more, and to present explicitly the output characteristics of such an FEL. The philosophy of the design study is to find a plausible operating point which employs existing or nearly existing state-of-the-art technologies while minimizing the accelerator and wiggler lengths. The notion is to distribute the technical risk as evenly as possible over the several technologies so that each must advance only slightly in order to make this design feasible. This study entailed no systematic investigation of possible costs so that, for example, the sole criterion for balancing the trade-off between beam energy and wiggler length is that the two components have …

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, the National Community Bank, 113 Essex Street, Maywood, New Jersey (MJ021), was conducted during 1986. Results of the survey demonstrated radionuclide concentrations in excess of the DOE Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program criteria. The radionuclide distributions are typical of the …

Since the incident at Three Mile Island unit 2, computerized plant status display, implementation of human factors in control room design, and plant monitoring based on expert system technology have seen a tremendous growth. One such proposed operator assist device is a plant signal validation system. This system is used to check the consistency of redundant measurements (sensors) of selected process variables, estimate their expect values from plant-wide data, and detect, isolate and characterize the type of anomaly in the instrument channel outputs. In large process control systems signals from several hundred instrument channels are routed via data highways to control systems, protection (safety) systems and plant monitoring systems. The need of automated signal validation is necessary because of the large amount of information available, and as a result the operator's inability to validate information from many diverse sources. This is also useful for improved plant control (minimize challenges on control systems), minimizing plant downtime, and for predictive maintenance advising. 107 refs., 56 figs., 6 tabs.

This report was prepared for the Pacific Northwest Laboratory as a subcontracted activity by the Research Management Foundation of the American Consulting Engineers Council. The objective of the survey reported herein was to independently assess the need for a Building System Integration Laboratory from the viewpoint of academicians in the field of building science. The subcontractor-developed questionnaire was sent to 200 professors of architecture and engineering at US universities. In view of this diverse population, the 10% rate of return on the questionnaire was considered acceptable. Although the responses probably do not reflect an unbiased summary of the collective perceptions of the original population surveyed, they do provide a valid insight into the interests and concerns of the academic community with respect to building sciences issues.

It has recently been recognized that in future linear colliders, there is a finite probability that the beamstrahlung photons will turn into e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} pairs induced by the same beam-beam field, and this would potentially cause background problems. In this paper, we first review the probability of such a coherent pair creation process. It is seen that the constraint on the beamstrahlung parameter, {Upsilon}, is tight of these coherent pairs to be totally suppressed. We then point out that there exists a minimum energy for the pair-created particles, which scales as {approximately}1/5{Upsilon}. When combining this condition with the deflection angle for the low-energy particles, the constraint on the allowable {Upsilon} value is much relaxed. Finally, we calculate the effective cross section for producing the weak bosons by the low-energy e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} pairs. It is shown that these cross sections are substantial for {Upsilon} > 1. We suggest that this effect can help to autoscan the particle spectrum in the high energy frontier. 10 refs., 2 figs.

A remedial investigation (RI) of the South and North Process Ponds adjacent to the 300 Area at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site was initiated in FY 1987 as partial implementation of the DOE Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Program. The objective of FY 1987 activities was initial characterization of the quantity and distribution of contaminants in the sediments. Sediment samples from 14 locations in and adjacent to the ponds were collected and analyzed. Initial results indicated that contaminated sediments in the ponds typically contained high gross alpha and gross beta activities and concentrations of Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn that were elevated relative to background levels. Radiochemical analyses of the sediments showed that the primary radiological contaminant was uranium; cobalt-60 and cesium-137 were detected in several samples. Organic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were also detected in several samples. Future RI activities will be undertaken under EPA-approved RI/FS work plans. 5 refs., 14 figs., 11 tabs.

The application of a simple semi-empirical model is discussed in terms of interpreting experimental nuclear structure data for twelve of the best characterized odd-odd deformed nuclei. An essential part of this modeling is to calculate values for the Gallagher-Moszkowski splittings and Newby shifts, the observables that arise from the n-p residual interaction in odd-odd nuclei. Assumptions regarding the form for this n-p force are traced historically. The predictive power of a favored form of the n-p force, one that includes a central force with short and long-range components, a tensor force, and some effects of core polarization, is examined in light of experimental data obtained since its formulation. A data set of 42 experimentally determined Newby shifts has been reviewed as to the reliability of each entry. Exceptions to a recently proposed rule for the a priori determination of the sign of Newby shift are discussed. Evidence is presented for the existence of an odd-even staggering or signature effect in the rotational spacings of many K{sup {minus}} bands (with K > 0). By use of Coriolis-coupling calculations, it has been possible to reproduce the staggering observed in some of the K{sup {minus}} rotational bands of {sup 156}Tb, {sup 168}Tm, {sup …

The SCDAP/RELAP5 code has been developed for best-estimate transient simulation of light water reactor coolant systems during a severe accident. The code models the coupled behavior of the reactor coolant system, the core, and the fission products and aerosols in the system during a severe accident transient as well as large and small break loss-of-coolant accidents, operational transients such as anticipated transient without SCRAM, loss of offsite power, loss of feedwater, and loss of flow. A generic modeling approach is used that permits as much of a particular system to be modeled as necessary. Control system and secondary system components are included to permit modeling of plant controls, turbines, condensers, and secondary feedwater conditioning systems. The modeling theory and associated numerical schemes are documented in Volumes I and in this document, Volume II, to acquaint the user with the modeling base and thus aid in effective use of the code. 135 refs., 48 figs., 8 tabs.

Recent theoretical and experimental progress on rare decays is summarized, principally for K and B mesons, as discussed in the parallel sessions of this workshop. 51 refs., 6 figs.

Progress has continued on the fabrication of fuel plates with fuel zone loadings approaching 9gU/cm{sup 3}. Using Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPping) successful diffusion bonds have been made with 110 Al and 6061 Al alloys. These bonds demonstrated the most critical processing step for proof-of-concept hardware. Two types of prototype highly-loaded fuel plates have been fabricated. First, a fuel plate in which 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) uranium compound wires are bonded within an aluminum cladding and second, a dispersion fuel plate with uniform cladding and fuel zone thickness. The successful fabrication of these fuel plates derives from the unique ability of the HIPping process to produce diffusion bonds with minimal deformation. 2 refs., 3 figs.

This report contains the results of studies conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) concerning the applicability of the Kalina technology to geothermal (hydrothermal) power production. This report represents a correction and addition to that report. The Heat Cycle Research Program (HCRP) has as its primary goal the cost-effective production of electric power from moderate temperature hydrothermal resources. Recent work has included the study of supercritical cycles with counterflow condensation which utilize mixtures as working fluids. These advanced concepts are projected to give a 20 to 30% improvement in power produced per unit geofluid flow rate (geofluid effectiveness, w hr/lb). The original Kalina cycle is a system which is similar to the cycles being studied in the Heat Cycle Research program and it was felt that this new cycle should be studied in the geothermal context. 15 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Most of the thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and other devices that have been used to measure environmental radiation on the Hanford Site have measured natural background levels of radiation. Measurements of offsite environmental radiation near the boundary of the Hanford Site have often indicated higher doses than onsite measurements have. However, the converse has been found when radiation measurements from the cities and communities of southeastern Washington were compared with onsite measurements. The historical trends described for environmental TLD data have been better defined in this study by compiling the TLD data for selected locations over a 6-year period (1983 to 1988). The ongoing Hanford Environmental Surveillance Program also provides radionuclide concentrations in soil based on samples collected by technicians at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and sent to a commercial laboratory for analyses. As part of the study described in this report, a portable gamma spectroscopy system was used in the field to identify concentrations of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the soil at various locations on the Hanford Site and in the surrounding area. This work began in 1986. Supplemental radiation measurements were made with a microprocessor-based survey meter and large NaI detector. 20 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

A self-consistent theory for nonlinear longitudinal particle motion and rf cavity excitation in a high energy electron storage ring is developed. Coupled first order equations for the motion of an arbitrary number of particles and for the field in several rf cavities are given in the form used in control system theory. Stochastic quantum excitation of synchrotron motion is included, as are the effects of rf control system corrections. Results of computations for double cavity bunch lengthening are given. 11 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurements of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site located at the intersection of Main Street and Highway 46, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ074), was conducted during 1987. While some radiological measurements taken at the vacant lot at the intersection of Main Street and Highway 46 were greater than background levels …

The current status and future prospects are given of the E/f{sub 1} (1420) and the {eta}(1430) region containing the {iota}/{eta}(1450). These states are seen in the channels K{bar K}{pi} and {eta}{pi}{pi}. 43 refs., 10 figs., 5 tabs.