Interview with Willie Higgs, a U. S. Marine during World War II. He joined the Marines in 1944 and trained at Camp Pendleton before being assigned to the 4th Marine Division. Higgs discusses arriving at Iwo Jima, making a grenade attack on a cave there, and subsequently breaking his leg. He then spent time aboard the hospital ship, USS Solace (AH-5). Upon returning home, Higgs finished his degree at Southwest Texas State in San Marcos, where he majored in music.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with David Ellis. Ellis was born on 8 March 1918 in Big Spring, Texas and enlisted in the Army in 1936. He went to Officer Candidate School, where he was trained in intelligence. His first duty station was in Hawaii, where he was assigned to the Navy’s Central Pacific Command by mistake. Next he was sent to Okinawa as a platoon leader in the 17th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division. On Okinawa, Ellis was wounded and evacuated to a hospital ship and ultimately a field hospital in Saipan. His wounds left him unfit to return to combat and to be returned to the US due to the shell fragments embedded in his chest. Ellis walked away from the hospital and managed to get on a flight back to Okinawa and returned to his unit. The war ended shortly after he was given command of the regiment’s Intelligence and Reconnaissance (IR) platoon. The regiment then embarked on ships to Korea. During the transit, he was summoned to the flag bridge on the ship and assigned an intelligence gathering mission by Major General Archibald Arnold, 7th Infantry Division’s Commanding Officer. Ellis …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with David Ellis. Ellis was born on 8 March 1918 in Big Spring, Texas and enlisted in the Army in 1936. He went to Officer Candidate School, where he was trained in intelligence. His first duty station was in Hawaii, where he was assigned to the Navy’s Central Pacific Command by mistake. Next he was sent to Okinawa as a platoon leader in the 17th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division. On Okinawa, Ellis was wounded and evacuated to a hospital ship and ultimately a field hospital in Saipan. His wounds left him unfit to return to combat and to be returned to the US due to the shell fragments embedded in his chest. Ellis walked away from the hospital and managed to get on a flight back to Okinawa and returned to his unit. The war ended shortly after he was given command of the regiment’s Intelligence and Reconnaissance (IR) platoon. The regiment then embarked on ships to Korea. During the transit, he was summoned to the flag bridge on the ship and assigned an intelligence gathering mission by Major General Archibald Arnold, 7th Infantry Division’s Commanding Officer. Ellis …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Eugene Piester. Born in 1922, he joined the Army Air Force in 1942. He recounts being selected for Project #9 and transported to India. He was assigned to a fighter group to perform mechanics on P-51 Mustangs and P-47 Thunderbolts in India. The group?s mission was to destroy Japanese supply lines and air fields in Burma. He discusses the use and difficulties of Waco CG-4A gliders in the invasion of Burma. He also discusses the effect of the monsoon season on the mission and the movement of the air bases. When the war ended he returned to the United States on a troopship and was discharged in November 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Richard Young. Young was commissioned as a reserve officer with the Army Corps of Engineers. He was of Chinese descent and spoke Cantonese and Mandarin. Young was sent to China and served as an aide-de-camp for General Stilwell from February 1942 through the end of 1945. He discusses the difficulties of the relationship between Stilwell and Chiang Kai-Shek as well as the overall strategic situation. Young also describes how Chinese officers would often defer to Chiang. He also got to know Madame Sun Yat-Sen and describes their interactions. Young tells how he walked out of Burma with Stilwell during a retreat.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Hilton. Hilton joined the Army Air Forces in 1943. He completed Photo School and served as a photographer aboard a B-29, taking photos for reconnaissance in the China Burma India Theater. He served with the 40th Bombardment Group. They completed the majority of their missions over China, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia, including detailed mapping over Okinawa in preparation for the invasion. His group also completed several missions in the Mariana Islands. Hilton participated in bombing, mapping and photo reconnaissance missions from April of 1944 through July of 1945. He was discharged in October of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Peter Tringham. Tringham was born in London, England in 1920. He graduated from high school in 1936, and completed an engineering degree in college by 1939. He joined England’s Territorial Army, similar to the US National Guard, in February of 1939. He volunteered as a driver in the Royal Engineers, and later traveled to France to join the British Expeditionary Force. Tringham served as a British Army captain through the China Burma India Theater campaign. He was discharged in April of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Hazel Tringham. Tringham joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service towards the beginning of World War II in England. She worked as a radar operator on gun sites in London. Tringham served from June of 1942 through June of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with George Pederson. Pederson joined the Army Air Forces in December of 1942. In 1943, he completed Cadet School in Meteorology, and Tropical Meteorology School. He was assigned to MacDill Air Force Base in Florida for one year, practicing simulated bombings of Berlin. Beginning in December of 1944, he served in the China Burma India Theater. He was assigned to an Air Force station in Chabua, India. He worked as a load master, loading planes bound for China with proper weights and balances. Pederson continued his service after the war ended, and remained in the reserves until 1968.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Peter Lutken. Lutken received his commission in the Army via the ROTC program when he graduated from Mississippi State College in 1941. He was attached to the 703rd Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion. He went overseas aboard the SS Santa Paula (1932) headed for India, but stopped in South Africa briefly before arriving in Karachi. Before long, they went to Assam and set up their anti-aircraft guns around the airfield.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Ruth Lutken. Lutken was a legal secretary in the Civil Service. She worked in Jackson, Mississippi in a U.S. Attorney’s office. Lutken describes the local environment and situations she observed. She briefly mentions alien registration for civilians from enemy nations and an interview with a German POW. Lutken also volunteered at the American Red Cross. She left her position a few years after the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Bryce Brown. Brown joined the Army around 1942. He trained with the Medical Corps and served as a Medical Clerk. Brown was stationed in China, in the field of malaria control. He returned to the US and was discharged in 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Frank Albert. Albert joined the Navy in 1941. Growing up in poverty with 12 siblings, enlisting was a way to ensure three square meals a day and to finally have his own bed. Albert was assigned to the USS Enterprise (CV-6) as a shipfitter, involved in routine maintenance and damage control. As such, he was appreciated by many people and often repaid with alcohol, which he would share with others before stowing the remainder inside the ship’s walls, welding the makeshift cubby shut each time. At Pearl Harbor, he conducted shore patrol and once broke up an altercation involving his own brother. The two of them, along with about 15 other pairs of brothers, worked together on the Enterprise, in the early days. Albert encountered many dangerous events, particularly surviving a weeklong typhoon, and watching from the crow’s nest as a kamikaze approached and blew out the number two elevator. In the aftermath, part of his duties in damage control included administering morphine to the wounded. Albert was discharged shortly before the war ended, having spent four years in the service. For a time thereafter, he suffered from …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with James Barnhill. Barnhill joined the Navy after graduating from high school in 1940. Upon completion of bugle school, he was a regimental bugler until receiving orders to board the USS Enterprise (CV-6). He was assigned a second station as assistant photographer. Barnhill’s first voyage was to Hawaii in March 1941 for training. When news of the attack on Pearl Harbor arrived, Barnhill recalls sounding general quarters from the bridge with his bugle. His first mission was at the Marshall Islands, where the ship came under attack. As the war developed, Barnhill volunteered to fuse bombs, a task he performed with his younger brother, who had requested to be assigned with him. There were no less than a dozen sets of brothers on the ship at that time. At the Battle of Rennell Island, Barnhill remembers the ship was under strict orders to leave behind any men in the water, leaving them to be rescued by other ships. He left the Enterprise in July 1944 and enjoyed easy duty in Oregon, where his unit worked part-time civilian jobs at local factories, which was appreciated by the community as the …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Robert Brecount. Brecount joined the Navy in 1942 and received basic training at Farragut. He attended radio technician school at Texas A&M and Corpus Christi. Upon completion, he was sent to the Special Projects School for Air, where he learned to jam enemy radars. He joined the USS Enterprise (CV-6) in December 1944. His duty was so secretive that only one person aboard ship knew to expect his arrival. At Okinawa he survived several kamikaze attacks and lost one chief petty officer to friendly fire. Brecount was transferred to VT(N)-90 and then was reassigned to a radar repair shop in Norfolk. He was discharged at the end of the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Ora Bull Durham. After initially volunteering for the Army Air Forces after high school and being rejected for high blood pressure, Durham was drafted in 1942 by the Navy. His basic training in Farragut was held indoors because of snow. He came down with rheumatic fever and the mumps, and upon recovery went aboard the USS Enterprise (CV-6) in July 1943. He became a barrier operator for VF(N)-90, using a wheel to control one of the four barriers that stopped inbound planes that failed to latch to the arresting gear. At Okinawa he recalled seeing 70 kamikazes in the air around the time the Enterprise was hit. In Bremerton for repairs, the crew began celebrating the end of the war one week before it was officially declared, sensing its inevitability. Afterward, they traveled to San Francisco to pick up sailors bound for Hawaii. Durham stayed on for further troop transports and was soon discharged, retiring with the rank of aviation boatswain’s mate.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Jack Glass. Glass was born in Forsyth, Georgia on 27 March 1924. Upon graduation from high school in 1941, he joined the Navy. After completing boot camp in Norfolk, Virginia he attended a radio operator school in Alameda, California. In June 1942, he was assigned to VF-6 aboard the USS Enterprise (CV-6). He was later assigned as to Bombing Squadron 10 (United States. Navy. Bombing Squadron 10 (VB-10)) as a radio operator aboard SBD dive bombers. Glass participated in various battles including Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Philippine Sea. In 1944 he was transferred off the ship and flew as the radio operator on PBYs. He was discharged in 1947 and enlisted in the Air Force. He briefly tells of the time spent in the Air Force.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Robert Hamlin. Hamlin was born in Tacoma, Washington on 13 February 1923. He joined the Navy in December 1941 and went to San Diego for boot training. In February 1942 he went aboard the USS Crescent City (APA-21) bound for Pearl Harbor. Soon after his arrival he was assigned to the deck force aboard the USS Enterprise (CV-6). He recalls the Enterprise accompanying the USS Hornet (CV-12) and describes seeing Doolittle’s B-25s take off for the bombing mission over Japan. He remembers being in the Battle of Midway as well as the Battle of Santa Cruz and mentions the wounds he received when a bomb hit the ship. Hamlin left the ship in December 1944 and was discharged in 1945. He tells of having nightmares related to his experiences for some time after his discharge.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Clarence Haverland. Haverland joined the Navy in 1943 and received basic training in San Diego. He went to aviation metalsmith school in Oklahoma. Upon completion, he was assigned to the USS Enterprise (CV-6) as a chock man, assisting in the maneuvering of planes aboard ship. While on his way ashore for liberty, a friend dared him to ignore rather than salute the first officer he passed. He agreed and immediately encountered 18 admirals, including Nimitz, Spruance, Fletcher, and Halsey. Haverland pretended to be busy inspecting cranes as they passed by. Later, Admiral Halsey found Haverland aboard ship and questioned him about the incident. Haverland explained the bet he had made with a friend, and Halsey replied that he was lucky it was a group of admirals and not ensigns that he passed. Haverland went on to serve in United States. Navy. Carrier Air Service Unit 1 (CASU-1) and CASU-38 as an aviation metalsmith. He returned home and was discharged in January 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Carlyle Herring. Herring joined the Navy after high school, in 1937. His initial assignment was as a boatswain’s mate, in charge of anchors and small boats. Herring was aboard the Enterprise (CV-6) when Pearl Harbor was attacked. While sailing to Wake Island in the weeks before the Pearl Harbor attack, Herring was stationed at an anti-aircraft gun mount as Admiral Halsey announced that he anticipated imminent Japanese aggression, putting the ship at general quarters. While on the Enterprise, he was sent to work on the flight deck, pulling chocks from aircraft, putting him in dangerously close proximity to moving propellers. For a time, he worked with a dive bomber squadron until being erroneously court martialed for his buddies’ antics. During combat, Herring witnessed the sinking of other ships in his group, yet he never was afraid for his own life. Herring ended his service as an aviation machinist’s mate.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Merrill Hofer. Hofer joined the Navy in April 1941. He received basic training at Great Lakes and attended aviation radio school at Sand Point. Upon completion, he was assigned to the communications center of the USS Enterprise (CV-6). Hofer lists the many campaigns he participated in aboard the Enterprise, making special note of the Battle of the Stewart Islands. In December 1942 he was assigned to Torpedo Squadron 10 as a TBF radio gunner. His next assignment was with VF-72 at the Farallon Islands, where, due to heavy losses, the OS3Cs were replaced by SBDs. He applied for Naval Aviation Pilot Training and graduated in 1947. Hofer flew atomic weapons testing surveillance missions and later received financial compensation for complications potentially arising from radiation exposure. He was discharged in 1964 and spent 30 years as a flight instructor for United Airlines.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Robert Hyde. Hyde first attempted to join the Navy when he was 17, but was rejected due to his dental health and low weight. In January 1944 he enlisted. As a seaman, Hyde was appointed as storekeeper aboard the USS Enterprise (CV-6). He made friends with many onboard, including some of the black officers’ stewards, with whom he was not supposed to mingle. Initially sailing off China, moving between Hong Kong and Singapore, he recalls the ship participating in airfield raids. In the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Hyde had his first encounter with a kamikaze, which exploded below the bow. In addition to knocking out the ship’s steering, communications, and lights, the explosion caused a gasoline leak that soaked Hyde. Even worse, he was temporarily trapped below deck, in the dark, until he alerted crew above by pounding the hatch with a wrench. He helped his African American peers out first and was the last of the group to ascend to safety. A more harrowing experience was enduring a major typhoon, which sank four destroyers in their group. While offshore at Okinawa, he survived a second kamikaze attack, …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Harry Lyons. Lyons joined the Navy in October of 1940. He served briefly aboard the USS Nevada (BB-36) as a machinist mate working in the boiler room. He was then assigned to the Engineering Department aboard the USS Enterprise (CV-6) from December of 1940 to August of 1944, where he served as Fireman First Class in the boiler room. Lyons describes the intensely hot work in the boiler room, while stationed in the Pacific. The Enterprise was 150 miles south of Oahu, Pearl Harbor the morning of December 7, 1941. Lyons describes their participation in combating the Japanese. In February of 1942 the Enterprise group swept the central Pacific, attacking enemy installations on Wake and Marcus Islands. In April of that same year the Enterprise participated in the Battle of Midway. Beginning in August of 1942 they participated in the Battle of Guadalcanal, and a few months later Lyons was injured during the Battle of Santa Cruz. In July of 1943 Lyons was promoted to Second Class Watertender. In June of 1944 they participated in the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign. In August of that same year, Lyons was …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Paul Hilliard. Hilliard was 17 years old when he joined the Marine Corps in February 1943. Upon completion of aviation radio and gunnery training, he joined Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 341 (VMSB-341), as an SBD rear-seat replacement. There he had an opportunity to chat with pilot and Yankee infielder Jerry Coleman. En route to Luzon, he was terrified by a typhoon as nearby ammunition barges were being tossed around by the waves. Once in the Philippines, Hilliard flew over 50 missions as support for the Army. At night he slept in a tent or took cover in a foxhole. When the war ended, Hilliard was reassigned to a C-47 squadron as a radio operator, flying with actor and pilot Tyrone Power, transporting entertainment acts to military bases. After being discharged in June 1946, he attended law school and bought a house on the G.I. Bill.