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Development and field testing of a process for recovering heavy crude oil in the Carlyle pool-Allen County, Kansas using the Vapor Therm generator. Final report
A Vapor Therm generator capable of producing steam and inert gases was built for conditions encountered in the Carlyle pool, and is capable of delivering heated gases at 900 psi and 700/sup 0/F. New wells were drilled in a five spot pattern with an inter-well distance of 208.7 ft. Logs and cores from these new wells were obtained and the subsurface reservoir was evaluated. Oil content of 1197 BSTO/Ac-Ft was encountered. This oil was 19.5/sup 0/ API with a viscosity of 1026 cps at 70/sup 0/F. The net pay thickness beneath the pattern exceeded thirty-five feet. Bartlesville sand porosity was 23.6% and absolute permeability was 695 md. Initial reservoir pressure was 235 psi. The oil reservoir is underlain by an extensive aquifer whose thickness exceeds one hundred feet. On January 31, 1977, the first of four stimulation cycles in the Bartleville sand was begun. The final cycle was concluded on March 5, 1978. During these months of cyclic stimulation-production, the wells produced at a sustained average rate of 7.82 BSTO/day and a water/oil ratio of 1.3. Over three barrels of oil per barrel of steam injected was recovered on the 4th cycle. Maximum production rate is 151 BSTO/well/week. Total oil …
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Sperry, J.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method to rapidly tune the halo spoilers of the tevatron muon beam
An active shield has been constructed which forms a sharp magnetic edge around the central core of useful muons and sweeps the envelope of halo muons (those that enter the aperture of an experiment without having passed through the momentum tagging system) radially away from beam center. Two types of halo scrapers have been employed in this shield: conventional toroidal magnets and a newly developed magnetic element called ''mupipe''. The mupipes have eight degrees of motion, so attempting to tune the mupipe system by systematic measurements over the full range of each coordinate would be impractical. An algorithm was formulated to take a small set of measured values and from them predict the required positions of the two sections of mupipe to obtain maximum beam and minimum halo. The algorithm measures the muon and halo yields at a representative subset of coordinated, employs a fitting program to find a functional form for the yields in terms of the coorinated, and maximizes that function in terms of the coordinates. The algorithm was tested by applying a Monte Carlo program to predict the halo and muon yield for a given orientation of the two movable sections of mupipe. (LEW)
Date:
September 1, 1986
Creator:
Ojeda, Y.; Scott, B.; Malensek, A. & Morfin, J.G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transport and transfer rates in the waters of the continental shelf. Annual report
The goal of govern project is to understand and quantify the processes that the transport and dispersal of energy-related pollutants introduced to the waters of the continental shelf and slope. The report is divided into sections dealing with processes associated with suspended solids; processes associated with sediments sinks for radionuclides and other pollutants; and spreading of water characteristics and species in solution. (ACR)
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Biscaye, P. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Methane oxidation over dual redox catalysts
The objective of this research is to develop approaches to direct catalytic oxidation of methane over oxides that are doubly doped with transition metal ions. The desired process aims at employing a double redox mechanism, where one redox couple is utilized for activation of oxygen and another for the trapping of CH{sub 3} radicals. The methyl radicals can either recombine, giving C{sub 2} hydrocarbons, or be converted, via electron transfer reaction, to carbocations. The latter species can react with surface OH{sup {minus}} groups to form methanol or formaldehyde. To choose from several possible catalytic systems, this research initially involved the characterization of the micromorphology and crystalline dimensions of zinc oxide catalysts doped with Cu, Fe, and Sn by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the determination of surface composition and oxidation states by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out. A newly constructed high temperature catalytic testing system has been calibrated (flow meters and temperature controllers), tested for possible gas leaks and integrated with a gas chromatographic analytical unit. A preliminary catalytic test study over a Cu/Fe/ZnO sample was performed. The following products of the methane coupling reaction was found: C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, C{sub 2}H{sub 4} and H{sub 2}O together with CO{sub …
Date:
September 1, 1989
Creator:
Klier, Kamil; Herman, Richard G. & Sojka, Zbigniew
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation and evaluation of geopressured-geothermal wells
Over the life of the project, 1143 wildcat wells were screened for possible use. Although many did not meet the program's requirement for sand development, a surprisingly large number were abandoned because of downhole mechanical problems. Only 94 of these wells were completed as commercial hydrocarbon producers. Five wells of opportunity were funded for testing. Of these, two were evaluated for their hydraulic energy, thermal energy, and recoverable methane, and three were abandoned because of mechanical problems. (MHR)
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Hartsock, J.H. & Rodgers, J.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy and water consumption of Pacific Northwest irrigation systems
Irrigation in the Pacific Northwest is an energy-intensive process which represents a major part of the total energy used in farm level food production. Since 1950, several major developments have precipitated pronounced increases in irrigation energy requirements. For example, the invention of efficient high-lift pumps, labor-saving equipment, new uses for irrigation sprinklers, and profitable cropping patterns have substantially escalated irrigation energy consumption in the Pacific Northwest in the past 25 years. Until recently, energy prices have remained relatively low and constant. The next 25 years will continue to experience advanced irrigation technologies. In addition to technological development, however, the cost of energy and water will certainly rise while their availabilities become increasingly constrained. The depletion of ground water in several parts of the United States could also potentially increase the irrigation burden of the Pacific Northwest. Lastly, parts of the Pacific Northwest water supply are directly convertible to energy via hydroelectric generation. This study proposes to make realistic projections relative to present and future interactions of the above components.
Date:
September 1, 1977
Creator:
King, L. D.; Wensink, R. B.; Wolfe, J. W. & Shearer, M. N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) Shield Design
A description of the EBR-II shield and the methods employed in arriving at the final design are presented. The major shield design problems for that reactor are enumerated and discussed. (auth)
Date:
September 1, 1962
Creator:
Grotenhuis, M.; McArthy, A. E. & Rossin, A. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary economic evaluation of the Alkox process
A new chemical process has been invented at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories for converting alkanes to alcohols. This new chemistry has been named the Alkox Process.'' Pacific Northwest Laboratory prepared a preliminary economic analysis for converting cyclohexane to cyclohexanol, which may be one of the most attractive applications of the Alkox process. A process flow scheme and a material balance were prepared to support rough equipment sizing and costing. The results from the economic analysis are presented in the non-proprietary section of this report. The process details, including the flow diagram and material balance, are contained in separate section of this report that is proprietary to Battelle. 7 refs., 4 tabs.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Silva, L.J.; Lilga, M.A.; Camaioni, D.M. & Snowden, L.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of government tribology programs
An assessment has been made to determine current tribology research and development work sponsored or conducted by the government. Data base surveys and discussions were conducted to isolate current projects sponsored primarily by 21 different government organizations. These projects were classified by subject, objective, energy relevance, type of research, phenomenon being investigated, variables being studied, type of motion, materials and application. An abstract of each project was prepared which included the classification, sponsor, performing organization and a project description. It was found that current work is primarily materials oriented to meet military requirements. Other than the high temperature programs very few of the tribology projects accomplish energy related objectives.
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Peterson, M.B. & Levinson, T.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of rock-water-nuclear waste interactions in the Pasco Basin, Washington. Part I. Distribution and composition of secondary and primary mineral phases in basalts of the Pasco Basin, Washington
In Part I of this report the results of Task III are presented and discussed. The subject of Task III is the study and identification of secondary and primary mineral assemblages in basalts of the Pasco Basin of southeastern Washington. In particular, we have determined the relative amounts, crystallization sequence, and compositions of secondary minerals found lining vesicle and fracture surfaces. This information, together with data on the chemical composition of primary minerals and the extent to which they have undergone dissolution, has been used in theoretical simulations of mass transfer which is the subject of Part II (Task IV) of this report.
Date:
September 1, 1979
Creator:
Benson, L. V. & Teague, L. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annual hydrologic data summary for the White Oak Creek Watershed: Water Year 1990 (October 1989--September 1990)
This report summarizes, for the Water Year 1990 (October 1989-- September 1990), the dynamic hydrologic data collected on the Whiteoak Creek (WOC) Watershed's surface and subsurface flow systems. These systems affect the quality or quantity of surface water and groundwater. The collection of hydrologic data is one component of numerous, ongoing Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) environmental studies and monitoring programs and is intended to 1. characterize the quantity and quality of water in the flow system, 2. plan and assess remedial action activities, and 3. provide long-term availability of data and assure quality. Characterizing the hydrology of the WOC watershed provides a better understanding of the processes which drive contaminant transport in the watershed. Identifying of spatial and temporal trends in hydrologic parameters and mechanisms that affect the movement of contaminants supports the development of interim corrective measures and remedial restoration alternatives. Hydrologic monitoring supports long-term assessment of the effectiveness of remedial actions in limiting the transport of contaminants across Waste Area Grouping boundaries and ultimately to the off-site environment. The majority of the data summarized in this report are available from the Remedial Action Programs Data and Information Management System data base. Surface water data available within the …
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Borders, D. M.; Gregory, S. M.; Clapp, R. B.; Frederick, B. J.; Moore, G. K.; Watts, J. A. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of liquid waste discharges from steam generating facilities
This report contains a summary of the effects of liquid waste discharges from steam electric generating facilities on the environment. Also included is a simplified model for use in approximately determining the effects of these discharges. Four basic fuels are used in steam electric power plants: three fossil fuels--coal, natural gas, and oil; and uranium--presently the basic fuel of nuclear power. Coal and uranium are expected to be the major fuels in future years. The following power plant effluents are considered: heat, chlorine, copper, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, pH, oil and grease, iron, zinc, chrome, phosphorus, and trace radionuclides.
Date:
September 1, 1977
Creator:
McGuire, H.E. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Steady State and Transient Thermal and Hydraulic Analysis of SM-2 Termination Report
Thermal characteristics of the SM-2 core were analyzed at steady state and loss of flow conditions. For steady state operation, the steady state code STDY-3 was used. For transients during-a loss of flow acident, ART-02, a onedimensional code, was used. This analysis indicated the SM-2 core is safe from burnout under steady state operation at design power level (28 Mw(t)) because no nucleate boiling exists, and the minimum burnout ratio is above 2.0. The core is safe from burnout under loss of flow transient because the minimum burnout ratio in the hottest element channel of 1.82 is above the minimum design criteria of 1.5. (auth)
Date:
September 1, 1961
Creator:
Segalman, I. & Bradley, P. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ELECTROSTATIC ION-CYCLOTRON PLASMA INSTABILITIES IN A TWO-FLUID HYDRODYNAMIC THEORY
None
Date:
September 1, 1961
Creator:
Wimmel, H.K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical basis, supporting information, and strategy for development and implementation of DOE policy for natural phenomena hazards
Policy for addressing natural phenomenon comprises a hierarchy of interrelated documents. The top level of policy is contained in the code of Federal Regulations which establishes the framework and intent to ensure overall safety of DOE facilities when subjected to the effects of natural phenomena. The natural phenomena to be considered include earthquakes and tsunami, winds, hurricanes and tornadoes, floods, volcano effects and seiches. Natural phenomena criteria have been established for design of new facilities; evaluation of existing facilities; additions, modifications, and upgrades to existing facilities; and evaluation criteria for new or existing sites. Steps needed to implement these four general criteria are described. The intent of these criteria is to identify WHAT needs to be done to ensure adequate protection from natural phenomena. The commentary provides discussion of WHY this is needed for DOE facilities within the complex. Implementing procedures identifying HOW to carry out these criteria are next identified. Finally, short and long term tasks needed to identify the implementing procedure are tabulated. There is an overall need for consistency throughout the DOE complex related to natural phenomena including consistent terminology, policy, and implementation. 1 fig, 6 tabs.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Murray, R. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Process feasibility study in support of silicon material task 1. Quarterly technical progress report (XX), June 1-August 31, 1980
Analyses of process system properties were continued for chemical materials important in the production of silicon including compilation and collection activities of the property data for use in the final report. Major efforts in chemical engineering analysis centered on the DCS process - Case A which involves production of dichlorosilane (DCS) as a silicon source material for polysilicon production in the Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation program. The preliminary process design of a plant to produce DCS was completed including process flowsheet (100%), base case conditions (100%), reaction chemistry (100%), raw materials (100%), utilities (100%), major process equipment (100%) and production labor (100%). The process design package was forwarded for economic analysis. Economic analysis of the DCS process - Case A was completed during this reporting period. The results for dichlorosilane (DCS) indicated a total product cost without profit of 1.29 $/kg (1980 dollars). This product cost without profit includes direct manufacturing cost, indirect manufacturing cost, plant overhead and general expenses. The sales price of DCS at 15% DCF rate of return on investment is 1.47$/kg (1980 dollars). Additional results are reported for sales price of dichlorosilane at various profitability levels as measured by ROI (return on original investment) and DCF (discounted …
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Yaws, C.L. & Li, K.Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluated nuclear data file of Th-232
An evaluated nuclear data file for thorium is described. The file extends over the energy range 0.049 (i.e., the inelastic-scattering threshold) to 20.0 MeV and is formulated within the framework of the ENDF system. The input data base, the evaluation procedures and judgments, and ancillary experiments carried out in conjunction with the evaluation are outlined. The file includes: neutron total cross sections, neutron scattering processes, neutron radiative capture cross sections, fission cross sections, (n;2n) and (n;3n) processes, fission properties (e.g., nu-bar and delayed neutron emission) and photon production processes. Regions of uncertainty are pointed out particularly where new measured results would be of value. The file is extended to thermal energies using previously reported resonance evaluations thereby providing a complete file for neutronic calculations. Integral data tests indicated that the file was suitable for neutronic calculations in the MeV range.
Date:
September 1, 1977
Creator:
Meadows, J.; Poenitz, W.; Smith, A.; Smith, D.; Whalen, J. & Howerton, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RMF concept: a rotating-magnetic-field technique for driving steady plasma currents in compact toroid devices
The generation and/or sustaining of a Compact Toroid (CT) configuration using the RMF technique is a relatively new and unknown concept. In this report the basic principles, historical development, and current theoretical understanding of this concept are reviewed. Significant experimental and theoretical results, potential problem areas, and recommendations for the direction of future work are discussed. An illustrative analysis of the application of the RMF technique to a CT reactor is presented. The results of a recent experiment, the Rotamak, in which a Spheromak-like CT plasma was produced using the RMF technique, are presented.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
McKenna, K.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data Telemetry Package Powered by Strontium-90 Fueled Generator. Final Report
An automatic, nuclear powered, meteorological data transmitting radio station was designed and fabricated for unattended service at a remote Arctic location. The system automatically measures air temperature, barometric pressure, wind direction, and two wind speed averages- Once every three hours it transmits this data in binary digital form, on two frequencies, to a manned receiving station (also designed as a part of this contract) where it is recorded on a two-channel recorder. Temperature, wind direction and barometric pressure are read at the instant of transmission; wind speed is averaged during an eightminute interval and a one-minute interval immediately preceding transmission. A five-watt thermoelectric generator was designed, manufactured and electrically tested for a period of 8.5 months. In May 196l, the generator was fueled with a capsule containing 17,500 curies of Sr/sup 90/. Electrical performance tests were conducted with the integrated system of generator, converter and batteries prior to isotope loading and also after Sr/sup 90/ fueling operations. Weather station compatibility tests were performed in June 1961 and the complete power supply and station housing were packaged for overseas shipment in July 1961. Current residence of the Sr/sup 90/ generator is on Axel Heiberg Island in the Arctic region. (auth)
Date:
September 1, 1961
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Small-angle x-ray scattering studies of the porosity of coals and chars. Quarterly progress report, July 1-September 30, 1980
Considerable effort has been devoted to checking and verifying some of the preliminary data reported previously. The technique employed in the past for measuring the x-ray transmission of the samples has been modified to provide more accurate values of the transmission. These transmission measurements are important for quantitative interpretation of the scattering data both because they are needed to determine the amount of background scattering that must be subtracted from a measured scattering curve and also because the value of the transmission is required for calculating the specific surface from the scattering data. Previous determinations of the specific surface have been checked and modified when corrected transmission values made recalculation necessary. Evaluation of the specific surface from the scattering data also requires a measurement of the absolute scattered intensity, or scattering cross section. In other words, the fraction of the incident radiation which is scattered must be known. For this scattering investigation of coals, the absolute intensity for the scattering system was determined by measurement of the scattering from a colloidal silica suspension. The details of this technique are described by I.S. Patel and P.W. Schmidt, J. Appl. Cryst. 4, 50 to 55. (1971).
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Schmidt, P.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SORPTION OF URANIUM ON ZIRCONIUM OXIDE
The sorption of the ions of uranium, copper, and nickel on hydrous zirconium oxide was investigated at temperatures from 25 to 250 deg C. The experiments were performed by equilibrating 5 ml of the test solution with 0.5 g of zirconium oxide in a titanium autoclave, which was heated by means of a rocking furnace. The sorption of uranium was affected by characteristics of the zirconium oxide, temperatare of equilibration, and concentrations of uranium and of free acid in the uranyl sulfate solutions. Conclusions are drawn concerning the relationship between each of these factors and uranium sorption. (auth)
Date:
September 13, 1961
Creator:
Goldstein, G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of the interactions of molten sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate 50 mol % mixture with water vapor and carbon dioxide in air. Final report, June 2, 1980-June 30, 1981
The interactions of aerial components such as water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen with the binary 50 mol % mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have been studied in the temperature range 300 to 600/sup 0/C using electrochemical methods. In addition, the behavior of nitrite ions in this melt was investigated electrochemically. By judicious choice of techniques, in situ electroanalysis was possible and the necessary relevant data to accomplish this is presented, as well as insight into the corresponding electrochemical mechanisms associated with the electroactive species. The influence of each atmospheric component was examined separately. At temperatures above 300/sup 0/C, nitrite ions are found to accumulate due to thermal decomposition of the nitrate. Water is highly soluble in the salt mixture, but no hydrolytic reactions were observed. Two methods of in situ analysis for water are described. Pure carbon dioxide is found to attack the melt at all temperatures above 250/sup 0/C producing carbonate. (LEW)
Date:
September 1, 1981
Creator:
White, S. H. & Twardoch, U. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spectroscopic analysis of low Z impurities in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-upgrade
Two absolutely calibrated EUV instruments have been used to study the impurity characteristics in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). One instrument is a normal incidence spectrograph that measures the time histories of several impurity emission lines (300 to 1800 A) in a single shot; radial scans can be obtained on a shot-by-shot basis. The other instrument is a monochromator that measures time-resolved radial profiles of a given impurity emission line in a single shot. The common intrinsic impurities measured in TMX-U are C,N,O and Ti. It has been shown that large fractions of the oxygen and nitrogen in the plasma are associated with the neutral beams while the main source of carbon is the plasma wall. In general, the concentration of each of the impurities is low (<1%), and the power radiated by them is less than 10 kW, which is a small portion of the total input power to the plasma. The concentrations of the impurities can be reduced substantially blow discharge cleaning and titanium gettering. No significant accumulation of impurity ions in the thermal barrier region has been observed.
Date:
September 1, 1986
Creator:
Yu, T.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atlas of atomic spectral lines of plutonium emitted by an inductively coupled plasma
Optical emission spectra from high-purity Pu-242 were generated with a glovebox-enclosed inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. Spectra covering the 2280 to 7008 Angstrom wavelength range are presented along with general commentary on ICP-Pu spectroscopy.
Date:
September 1, 1986
Creator:
Edelson, M. C.; DeKalb, E. L.; Winge, R. K. & Fassel, V. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library