Various schemes for obtaining anti pp interactions are outlined, and the luminosities obtainable for each case calculated. In the simplest realistic case, a luminosity of 1.3 x 10/sup 29/ is obtained with a 13 hour filling time. The addition of special rf systems in both the AGS and ISABELLE give a scheme with luminosity 8 x 10/sup 29/ in 6 hours. The use of stochastic cooling to stack raises the luminosity to as high as 10/sup 31/ but the filling time is then 68 hours. Finally a scheme is considered that uses a special 30 GeV capture ring. With this, a luminosity of 10/sup 31/ could be achieved after 20 hours, or higher if a larger filling time were acceptable. Further gains could be made if a smaller proton spot on the target is used but a simple calculation suggests that even the spot size assumed may explode the target too fast.

A comparison matrix decision model is applied to candidates for a D-T ignition tokamak (TNS), including assessment of semi-quantifiable or judgemental factors as well as quantitative ones. The results show that TNS is mission-sensitive with a choice implied between near-term achievability and reactor technology.

Measurement of /sup 129/I at low levels is required for effluent control, environmental assessment and tracer studies in the natural environment. Low level /sup 129/I analysis has also been used for measurement of natural-fission-produced /sup 129/I in minerals and ores as well as meteorites. The most sensitive method for /sup 129/I measurements is neutron activation analysis of iodine separated from a suitable sample. Minimum sample processing prior to neutron activation is desirable in order to reduce chances of sample contamination with uranium or /sup 129/I. A potential interference in the activation analysis method is the production of /sup 129/I (/sup 130/I) from Te impurities in the irradiated ampoule. Procedures have been developed and applied to measurement of the magnitude of the potential Te interference. One-tenth of a microgram of Te in the irradiated ampoule is sufficient to produce interference in the analysis. This is detectable by either radiochemical Te measurements or by /sup 131/I detection in the iodine fraction from the irradiated ampoule. This paper discusses the procedures and results of Te interference studies in /sup 129/I activation analysis. The interference was found to be insignificant for most analyses. 5 tables.

For our purposes in this review, we note the following points: (1) for charged particle detection, these counters can be filled with any noble gas-quenching gas mixture that produces satisfactory electrical signals; (2) neutron counters, in which the neutrons are detected by their interaction with the specific filling of the chamber to yield an ionizing particle, require special gas mixtures containing /sup 3/He or BF/sub 3/, an alternative approach is to coat the inner surface of the cathode with a boron or lithium compound; (3) proportional counters are used if there is any need to discriminate between different types of radiation incident on the chamber by the magnitude of the ionizing energy retained within the sensitive volume of the counter; (4) proportional counters can operate at higher speeds than Geiger counters, typically up to 10/sup 7/ cts/sec versus less than 10/sup 5//sec for the Geiger counters; and (5) Geiger counters produce very large uniform pulses which can be scaled by very simple electronics, hence, they are often used in survey meters and other portable monitoring instruments.

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Recommendations of a committee for a new standard to meet needs of new high-energy physics experiments are summarized in a nontechnical manner. Existing standards, including CAMAC, were examined; it was felt that none would meet the future needs of high-energy physics. The original committee gave its recommendations and disbanded. The design committee has begun its work; it anticipates finishing in about two years, in time for application of its recommendations to ISABELLE. (RWR)

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Techniques for preventing damage to components of the LASL Shiva high power laser system were briefly presented. Optical element damage in the disk amplifier from the combined fluence of the primary laser beam and the Xenon flash lamps that pump the cavity was discussed. Assembly and cleaning techniques were described which have improved optical element life by minimizing particulate and optically absorbing film contamination on assembled amplifier structures. A Class-100 vertical flaw clean room used for assembly and inspection of laser components was also described. The life of a disk amplifier was extended from less than 50 shots to 500 shots through application of these assembly and cleaning techniques. (RME)

The first targets for the 20 TW SHIVA laser system were designed. They are simple glass micro-balloons, approximately 300 ..mu..m in diameter and 2 ..mu..m thick, filled with D-T gas. Using LASNEX, whose model physics was utilized successfully for ARGUS targets, we optimize for both gain and yield. The target behaves as an exploding pusher. Different simple analytic models for the physics of this mode are presented, and are tested by comparing their scaling predictions, at constant absorbed power, with those demonstrated by LASNEX. Emphasis is placed on successful prediction of the basic quantities of peak ion temperature and compression, rather than neutron yield or n tau.

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The increased use of deicing salts is causing rapid deterioration of portland cement concrete bridge decks. Soluble chlorides cause corrosion of the steel reinforcing rods with a corresponding increase in volume of the rods. This expansion causes stresses in the concrete which result in delaminations and surface spalling. The repair of surface spalls with portland cement concrete can only be made if traffic can be avoided for several days. A patching material which would allow traffic to resume over the repaired area in a few hours was needed. Polymer concrete (PC) was developed to repair deteriorated portland cement concrete. Polymer concrete is defined as a composite material in which the aggregate is bound together in a dense matrix with a polymer binder. The aggregate is mixed with a monomer mixture and subsequently cured in place. Polymer concrete combines the premix characteristics of portland cement concrete with high strength, long term durability properties and fast cure times. PC placed at temperatures between 35/sup 0/F and 95/sup 0/F attains strengths greater than 5000 psi in 2 hours. The high early strength of PC is suitable for use in the repair of highway structures where traffic conditions allow closing of the area for …

Here a more detailed publication is summarized which presents analytical methods with solutions that describe the structural behavior of ohmic heating solenoids to achieve a better understanding of the relationships between the functional variables that can provide the basis for recommended design improvements. The solutions relate the requirements imposed by structural integrity to the need for producing sufficient flux swing to initiate a plasma current in the tokamak fusion machine. A method is provided to perform a detailed structural analysis of every conducting turn in the radial build of the solenoid, and computer programmed listings for the closed form solutions are made available as part of the reference document. Distinction is made in deriving separate models for the regions of the solenoid where turn-to-turn radial contact is maintained with radial compression or with a bond in the presence of radial tension, and also where there is turn-to-turn radial separation due to the absence or the loss of bonding in the presence of would be radial tension. The derivations follow the theory of elasticity for a body possessing cylindrical anisotropy where the material properties are different in the radial and tangential directions. The formulations are made practical by presenting the methods …

The toroidal field coils in two of the four TNS field coil design options are superconducting. NbTi superconductors are used in the low field design option and Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductors are used in the high field design option. The preliminary conceptual design parameters of the coils and the superconductors have been developed. The selected coil shape is the pure tension D-configuration. The superconductors are the multifilamentary, cabled design and are cooled by forced flow supercritical helium. Thermal stability analyses were performed for the superconductors. The cryogenic recovery capability of the NbTi superconductors is more than 10/sup 5/ J/m/sup 3/ of conductor plus helium volume and that of the Nb/sub 3/Sn is more than 3 x 10/sup 5/ j/m/sup 3/.

Results of three-dimensional (3D) time-dependent Hartree--Fock (TDHF) calculations are presented. The assumptions used in the calculations are summarized. The first reaction considered is /sup 16/O + /sup 16/O at 105 MeV (lab); isodensity contours integrated perpendicular to the reaction plane are shown for several impact parameters as a function of time. Trajectories are also shown, and the kinetics of the reaction is discussed; several other energies were also examined. Most of the deeply inelastic scattering seems to come from small impact parameters. Density contours and trajectories are next shown for /sup 40/Ca + /sup 40/Ca at 278 MeV (lab). Finally, density contours are shown for asymmetric systems: /sup 4/He + /sup 16/O at l = 5 h-bar and 50 MeV (lab) and /sup 16/O + /sup 40/Ca at l = 20, 40, 60, 80 h-bar and 315 MeV (lab). The light fragment seems to maintain the same average number of nucleons with which it started. 25 figures. (RWR)

The matrix isolation spectra of all of the 40 presently known atomic metal species show strong matrix effects. The transition energies are increased, and the bands are broad and exhibit splitting of sublevels which are degenerate in the gas phase. Several models have been proposed for splitting of levels, but basic effects are not yet understood, and spectra cannot be predicted, yet it is possible to correlate gas phase and matrix in many of the systems. Selective production of diatomics and clusters via thermal and optical annealing of atomic species can be monitored by optical spectra, but yields spectroscopically complex systems which, however, especially in the case of transition metals, can be used as precursors in novel chemical reactions. A combination of absorption, emission, ir, Raman, ESR, and other methods is now quickly yielding data which will help correlate the increasing wealth of existing data. 55 references, 6 figures.

During the fifteen months that the Argus laser facility has been operating we have had two primary goals. These are: (1) to provide focusable, well characterized, high power beams for laser fusion experiments and (2) to further understand the propagation of high power and energy pulses. The propagation experiments have already led to increases in the laser output power and system reliability. Pulses appropriate for advanced targets are shaped to optimize the compression and heating of the target. In general they stress the laser in both limits of energy and power. In this work several results significant to the laser fusion program were realized. The neutron output of fusion targets increased by almost two orders of magnitude to more than 10/sup 9/ neutron/shot. An improved beam propagation technique (image relaying) was developed and partially implemented. It increased the focusable output power for short pulses (30-100 ps) to more than 4.0 TW. More than one kilojoule/beam was extracted from the laser in a high quality beam in a one nanosecond Gaussian pulse. A complex two step optical pulse was generated and successfully amplified to peak powers of more than 3.0 TW. The most recent of the system upgrades are complete image …

The calibration technique described is an attempt to determine the actual energy release from the events causing emission bursts in beryllium and to quantitatively evaluate the effects of specimen geometry on the apparent energy per burst. (GHT)

Consideration is given to the stability of negative ion beams which are neutralized through ionization of a background gas. Two types of instabilities are examined. First, beam-plasma instabilities are analyzed with the dispersion relation showing that they are unimportant if the beam velocity is less than the electron thermal velocity. Second, results of a computer simulation on the flow of a cylindrical beam and the resulting background plasma show that when the background neutral gas density is less than or approximately equal to a critical density as instability occurs. This critical density is the density that would be needed to space-charge neutralize the beam if the positive ions were not retarded by the beam. An approximate dispersion relation indicates that the nature of the instability is a transverse positive-ion acoustic wave which couples to the beam.

A variety of x-ray imaging techniques have been used to study the absorption, transport and implosion characteristics of exploding pusher microsphere targets irradiated with 1.06 ..mu..m light. Multichannel grazing incidence reflection microscopy, zone plate coded imaging and spatially resolved x-ray spectroscopy have observed the thermal and suprathermal x-ray emission associated with these phenomena. A second generation of x-ray imaging devices, designed for forthcoming high density implosion experiments, including axisymmetric x-ray microscopes and 1- and 2-D crystal line imaging devices, will also be briefly discussed.

Recent work in the field of probability density estimation has included the introduction of some new methods, such as the polynomial and spline methods and the nearest neighbor method, and the study of asymptotic properties in depth. This earlier work is summarized here. In addition, the computational complexity of the various algorithms is analyzed, as are some simulations. The object is to compare the performance of the various methods in small samples and their sensitivity to change in their parameters, and to attempt to discover at what point a sample is so small that density estimation can no longer be worthwhile. (RWR)

Modifications are described to upgrade the neutral-beam power supply for the TMX from 40 kV, 10 ms to 40 kV, 25 ms. The redesign of the accel and suppressor power supplies to achieve separation of the high-voltage and control sections, operation of the arc pulse lines in series, operation of the arc pulse lines in a noisy environment with SCR trigger and crowbar, and modifications to the electrolytic storage banks are discussed.

The elements of the environment relating to transportation and handling include temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, humidity, pressure, shock, and vibration. While each of these deserves consideration, the latter two, shock and vibration, are perhaps the least understood. The report discusses all of these elements, but concentrates largely on shock and vibration. Emphasis is upon the necessity of understanding both the product and the environment. To that end, descriptions of the environment which have been derived statistically are discussed. Land, sea, and air transport are considered. Current knowledge of the handling environment is indicated.

Conditions for the stable propagation of a pinched electron beam in low pressure gas (p approximately 0.1 to 100 torr) are described. The observed window of good propagation around p approximately 2 torr air is interpreted as the quenching of the two-stream mode by sufficiently high plasma density and collision frequency, and the simultaneous suppression of the resistive hose mode by sufficiently rapid generation of electrical conductivity from breakdown ionization.

Results are presented of the test of a regional scale assessment model using four modes of precipitation hourly, 6 hourly, average turned on and off with the natural frequency and average precipitation. The test cases were carried out for a release of SO/sub 2/ with transformation to SO/sub 4/ at three different sites in the United States for July 1974. The results indicated that the use of average precipitation turned on and off with the natural frequency could be used instead of hourly precipitation for long-term assessments.