Equipment is being developed to economically remove contaminated concrete surfaces in nuclear facilities. To be effective this equipment should minimize personnel radiation exposure, minimize the volume of material removed, and perform the operation quickly with the least amount of energy. Several methods for removing concrete surfaces are evaluated for use in decontaminating such facilities. Two unique methods especially suited for decontamination are described: one, the water cannon, is a device that fires a high-velocity jet of fluid causing spallation of the concrete surface; the other, a concrete spaller, is a tool that exerts radial pressure agains the sides of a pre-dilled shallow cylindrical hole causing spallation to occur. Each method includes a means for containing airborne contamination. Results of tests show that these techniques can rapidly and economically remove surfaces, and leave minimal rubble for controlled disposal.

The development of the safety assessment methodology currently consists of four major tasks: release scenario analysis, waste release studies, release consequence analysis, and radionuclide sorption studies. Each of these tasks and plans for each are discussed. International cooperation on these tasks is urged. (DLC)

Separate abstracts were prepared for the 18 papers presented in this volume. (WHK)

Separate abstracts were prepared for the 33 papers presented. (WHK)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the initial acceptance test experience of certain pieces of auxiliary equipment of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). The scope focuses on the DHX blowers and drive train, inert gas blowers, H and V containment isolation valves, and the Surveillance and In-service Inspection (SISI) transporter and trolley. For each type of equipment, the discussion includes a summary of the design and system function, installation history, preoperational acceptance testing procedures and results, and unusual events and resolutions.

Recent advances in design and operation of the internal PIG sources at the LBL 88-Inch Cyclotron have led to the development of high charge state (0.4 < or approx. = to Q/A < or approx. = to 0.5) heavy ion beams between lithium and neon with energies 20 < or approx. = to E/A < or approx. = to 32 MeV per nucleon, including fully stripped ions up to /sup 16/O/sup 8 +/. Total external intensities of these beams range from 10/sup 12/ particles/s for /sup 6/Li/sup 3 +/ to 0.1 particles/s for /sup 16/O/sup 8 +/. Techniques have been developed for routine tune-out of the low intensity beams. These include use of model beams and reliance on the large systematic data base of cyclotron parameters which has been developed over many years of operation. Techniques for delivery of these weak beams to the experimental target areas are presented. Source design and operation, including special problems associated with Li, Be, and B beams are discussed.

The success of any Inertial Confinement Fusion system for the production of useful power depends critically on the production of suitable targets. This is true whether the arrangement is that proposed by Nuckolls et al. or some other arrangement. The target must have characteristics such as material composition, structure, and surface finish which are tailored to the laser pulse length, energy, peak and average power and pulse shape. To provide useful power on a continuous basis, it is likely that the repetition rate will be 1.0 to 10 per second. Thus, in a 24 hour running period 864,000 targets may be necessary and one must be placed at the focal point of the laser every tenth of a second. For economic operation it is necessary that the targets be produced at costs of less than $1.00 per target.

The prototype surface examination station for the Fuels and Materials Examination Facility (FMEF) will use closed circuit television (CCTV) for routine modes of operation along with a nuclear periscope for special examination needs. The CCTV and the nuclear periscope were evaluated against prescribed station requirements and compared in a side-by-side demonstration. A quantitative evaluation of their outputs showed that both systems were capable of meeting surface anomaly detection requirements. The CCTV system was superior in its ability to collect, suppress and present data into a more useful form for the experimenters.

A combined air particulate sampler and elemental sulfur analyzer was developed for continuous monitoring of fine particulate sulfur. It consists of a dichotomous sampler, continuous tape membrane filter system, and single-channel wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The unit operates automatically under microprocessor control and is designed to be transportable to remote sampling sites. Calibration data are retained within the microprocessor program and the concentrations are available shortly after the completion of the sampling period. Operating results are summarized briefly.

The Closed Loop In-Reactor Assembly (CLIRA) is a test vehicle for in-core material and fuel experiments in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). The FFTF is a fast flux nuclear test reactor operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) by Westinghouse Hanford Company in Richland, Washington. The CLIRA is a removable/replaceable part of the Closed Loop System (CLS) which is a sodium coolant system providing flow and temperature control independent of the reactor coolant system. The primary purpose of the CLIRA is to provide a test vehicle which will permit testing of nuclear fuels and materials at conditions more severe than exist in the FTR core, and to isolate these materials from the reactor core.

A two year design study has been completed for medical ion accelerators with beams of sufficient range and intensity for therapy. The particles of main interest were ions between carbon and neon, but the generation of proton and neutron beams was studied also. Cyclotrons appear to be good injectors for a heavy ion medical synchrotron, particularly if neutron and/or isotope production is desired as well. They also offer a competitive solution for proton beams of 250 MeV. A superconducting cyclotron design for 380 MeV/u carbon was worked out, but a synchrotron for heavy ion beams of 400 to 600 MeV/u and 5 x 10/sup 9/ particles/sec was found to be more economical and flexible.

The effects of several abnormal conditions resulting from a possible non-uniform void distribution in a multifilamentary and cabled superconductor on the cryogenic recovery capability of a triplex, a seven strand bundle and a 19 strand bundle were studied. For a triplex, if only one of the three strands was cooled, the maximum recoverable initial normal temperature is reduced by 1/3 of the value for the nominal case in which all the three strands are cooled equally. If the outer six strands of a seven strand bundle were cooled and the center one was not cooled, the recovery capability of this bundle is just slightly below that of the nominal triplex. If only the outer 12 strands of a 19 strand bundle were cooled, the bundle would not recover once it is driven normal. The effects of the cold and stagnant helium located in the space between the strands and of the insulation thickness are small.

The results of this study indicate that, for a Hanford Nuclear Energy Center (HNEC), the probability of an accidental radioactive release contaminating 2 or more reactor clusters is approximately 4 times the probability that any particular reactor would be the source of the release. Further, the probability of contaminating 3 or more clusters is about twice the probability of a single reactor having an accident. The study also indicates how the multiple-reactor contamination probability varies with the level of contamination. The probabilities estimated are site specific to the extent that Hanford climatological data were used and the HNEC configuration was established by prior studies.

Many of the present laser fusion diagnostics are recorded on either ultrafast streak cameras or on oscilloscopes. For those experiments in which a large volume of data is accumulated, direct computer processing of the information becomes important. We describe an approach which uses a RCA 52501 back-thinned CCD sensor to obtain direct electron readouts for both the streak camera and the CRT. Performance of the 100 GHz streak camera and the 4 GHz CRT are presented. Design parameters and computer interfacing for both systems are described in detail.

Separate abstracts were prepared for the five papers presented. (WHK)

The development and effectiveness of a Performance Measurement System (PMS) for contractors at Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory are discussed. The system was developed in particular for the FFTF project but has been extended to other areas.

The policy discussion following the Oil Embargo was clouded with fears of a return to a primitive existence based on drastically reduced energy inputs to society, or, on the other hand, an abandoning of environmental goals, allegedly a major barrier to development of new energy supplies. Often the energy use associated with environmental improvements was cited as a reason for expanding energy supplies, as if to say that a conflict existed between a clean environment and reductions in energy use. Or it was argued that a relaxation of environmental goals would lower the direct costs of harvesting and using energy and thereby alleviate the need for energy conservation. It has also been argued that the geopolitics of energy alone will force us to substitute riskier or ''dirtier'' energy sources for relatively clean oil and gas. Indeed, there is no question that the relationship among energy, the environment, and economic well-being is complicated. This essay sorts out many of the confusing aspects in order to show how goals relating to the efficient use of energy are aligned both with traditional economic goals and with modern environmental goals. To do this the author analyzes in depth the role of energy in the …

Abstracts of 38 papers are included on the following subjects: rock mechanics, part 1: hydraulic fracturing; fracture imaging and borehole surveying; fluid flow-pressure analyses; rock mechanics, part 2: hydraulic fracturing and thermal cracking; geochemistry; heat extraction modeling; and economics and energy conversion. (MHR)

Accurate simulation of high density target implosion requires material properties (ionization, pressure, energy, opacity, and transport coefficients) at densities where bound electrons are significantly perturbed by neighboring atoms. In the LASNEX code, this data is supplied by tables and/or calculated from a Stromgren model for ionization equilibrium. Improvements have been made in this model which aim at assuring thermodynamic consistency and obtaining better agreement with more elaborate calculations. Arbitrary degeneracy is allowed for the free electrons. Consistent Coulomb contributions to pressure and continuum lowering are obtained. A new pressure ionization scheme merges bound electrons into the continuum as a smooth function of density and the corresponding contribution to pressure is calculated. Results are shown for aluminum.

Lectures are presented in which a quasinuclear constituent quark model in which constituent quarks are assumed to be made of constituent interacting with a two-body color-exchange logarithmic potential is considered. The color degree of freedom is discussed in detail. Some properties of the logarithmic potential and the definition of the quasinuclear model and its validity, and a comparison of some of its predictions with experiment are described. 31 references. (JFP)

A series of ethylene--carbon monoxide copolymers have been prepared by chemical catalysis and /sup 60/Co gamma radiation induction, ranging in carbon monoxide content from 41 to 49%. A correlation has been established between the method of preparation, the carbon monoxide content of the copolymers and the mechanical properties of the resulting products. Present evaluations indicate that copolymers containing approx. 50% carbon monoxide prepared by /sup 60/Co gamma induction have significantly improved mechanical properties over copolymers prepared by conventional chemical free-radical catalysis. Based on these results, it is suggested that further experimentation be conducted in radiation-induced copolymerization especially with the use of electron beam machines presently available to industry.

Interactions of U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm with basalt, shale, and granite were studied. The sorption--desorption processes were studied by batch-type technique and gamma counting. Experimental results to date are given and discussed. 11 figures, 8 tables. (DLC)

A numerical analysis has been performed on the time-dependent equations of heat balance, gas convection, pressure drop, and mass-flow rate for supercritical helium gas flowing through a tubular superconductor. Three dimensional graphs of wall temperature, gas temperature, and mass-flow rate as functions of position and time are used to show the evolution of normal zones. In contrast to other methods of studying stability in superconductors by a quasi-steady-state analysis of critical-sized normal zones (minimum propagating zone), our analysis shows that stability is influenced by both the magnitude and the time dependence of the disturbance. As the current is increased in a system subjected to certain types of thermal disturbances, propagating normal zones may originate at positions well downstream from the site of the disturbance. At higher currents, propagating zones may originate both downstream and at the disturbed site, coalescing into a large propagating normal zone. With certain types of disturbances (such as an extraneous heat source over a short length of conductor), higher critical currents may be reached by fast current ramping, while with other types of disturbances (such as self heating in a degraded section of conductor), slow current ramping leads to higher critical currents.

Biologic measurements can furnish two kinds of information: measure of the individual worker's overall exposure; and measure of the worker's individual and characteristic response. Measurement of exposure may be made by: determining in blood, urine, hair, nails, other body fluids, and body tissues, the amount of substance to which the worker was exposed; by determining the amount of metabolite(s) of the substance in tissues and fluids; and by determining the amount of the substance in the exhaled breath. Measurements of response give an estimate of the physiologic status of the worker and may measure: changes in amount of some critical biochemical constituent; changes in activity of a critical enzyme; and changes in some physiologic function. Two schools of thought regarding biologic limit values or biological threshold limit values for hazardous materials are discussed.