The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Joe L. Ware, Sr. He was born in 1924 in Nederland, Texas. After working on B-24 bombers at the Consolidated Aircraft Company in San Diego, California, he returned to Texas and joined the Navy when he was nineteen-years-old. He went to Machinist School; was transported to the Pacific region on the USS Wharton (AP-7); and assigned to the USS Colorado (BB-45) in New Hebrides. He describes his typical duties as a machinist on the battleship. He talks about the bombardment and support for the invasion of Tarawa as well as Kwajalein. He mentions that the ship was hit twenty-two times by the shore battery at Tinian. He also speaks of kamikaze attacks at Leyte Gulf and Lingayen Gulf as well as shells hitting the bridge at Luzon. He mentions being under constant fire at Okinawa. He was on the bridge of the USS Colorado in Tokyo Bay when the peace treaty was signed. He remained on the ship while it transported troops home from the Pacific. He explains the meaning of a Homer Brown pennant. He was discharged in January 1946. The interview also contains information about his …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Horace Johnson. Johnson joined the Army in October of 1942. He provides details of his training. He was in the 14th Air Force, 308th Bomb Group, 374th Bomb Squadron. Johnson served as a B-24 right waist gunner during WWII. They traveled to Cairo, Egypt, India, China and Burma. He provides details of each of these missions. He was discharged in October of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Robert Medley. Medley joined the Army in February of 1943. He volunteered as a paratrooper, serving with the Headquarters Company, 541st Battalion, 101st Airborne Division. In September of 1943 he received the world record for the highest free fall jump at 30,000 feet. He jumped a number of times overseas at 600 feet. Medley describes his training and these experiences. In the fall of 1943 he traveled to Northern Ireland. From there his division was flown into combat, beginning with North Africa. In June of 1944 he jumped behind Utah Beach in Normandy. They traveled to England. He jumped in Southern France and Bad Hall, Austria. Medley assisted in liberating part of Dachau concentration camp. In December of 1944 he participated in the Battle of the Bulge, where he was captured ang taken to Mons, Belgium for 92 days. He escaped in April of 1945. He was discharged in May of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with James L. Bell, Jr. He joined the Marine Corps in August, 1944. After basic training in California, he was sent to the Parker Ranch in Hawaii where he practiced maneuvers. He describes landing on Red Beach and fighting on Iwo Jima when he was in the 5th Marine Division. He discusses the placement of the American flag on the island, the Japanese tunnels, and the suicides of Japanese soldiers. After Iwo Jima, he joined the 2nd Division in Hawaii. When the war ended, he served ten months as part of the occupational force in Japan before being discharged.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Lyle Sanders. Sanders joined the Navy in September 1942 and received basic training in San Diego. He was trained as an engine mechanic in Iowa and upon completion was assigned to Motor Boat Torpedo Squadron 31, aboard PT-464, as a motor machinist. He patrolled the Solomon Islands, Palau, Leyte, and Okinawa. The small crew often traveled across the open ocean under their own power, burning 500 gallons of gasoline an hour at top speed. They never saw action or fired a torpedo, but at Okinawa Sanders was kept busy in the engine room as their boat constantly transported military personnel between ships. He recalls dragging two passengers aboard in a typically rough manner, only to realize once they were on deck that they were Admiral Turner and General Buckner. Sanders returned home and was discharged in December 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Michael Kuryla. Kuryla was born in Chicago, Illinois on 10 September 1925 into a family of eight children. He describes his family’s living conditions during the Depression. Joining the US Navy in 1942, he underwent boot training at Great Lakes Naval Training Station, Illinois. Following boot camp, he was assigned to the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) as the fire director of a five-inch gun. He explains the job of the gun director. He describes the bombardment of Tarawa and tells of participating in battles at Kwajalein, Guam, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He shares a personal experience he had with Admiral Spruance. The Indianapolis was struck by a kamikaze and Kuryla describes the damage done and the lives lost as a result. Once the ship was repaired components for an atomic bomb were put on board for delivery to Tinian. After delivery the ship was bound for Guam when it was struck by Japanese torpedoes. Kuryla graphically describes his personal experience of abandoning the ship and what he witnessed during five nights and four days in the water. He recalls being taken aboard the USS Register (APD-92) and delivered to …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with William Jones. Jones joined the Army Air Forces in July of 1944. He shares a few anecdotes about basic training and went to aerial photography school as well as aerial gunnery school. Before he was assigned to a B-29 crew, the war ended. Jones was sent to Japan on occupation duty. While there, Jones visited Hiroshima and Nagasaki and was able to take aerial photographs in January, 1946. He returned to the US in August and was discharged.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Hobart Martin. Martin was drafted into the Army in February of 1943. In early 1944 he completed a college training detachment at Centenary College in Louisiana. From there he was assigned to Company E in the 342nd Infantry Regiment, 86th Infantry Division. They were assigned to La Havre, France in February of 1945 due to the Battle of the Bulge. His regiment was involved in much combat in France until they departed in June of 1945. In September they arrived in the Philippines, where he assisted with clerical work. He was promoted to Staff Sergeant and worked in the headquarters company. Martin was discharged in February of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Howard Steward. Steward was born in Waverly, Illinois. After enlisting in the Army Air Corps, and spending four weeks in basic training, he went to aircraft maintenance school. In 1944 he went to the South Pacific and was stationed in the Philippines. One night Japanese paratroopers attacked, killing a number of Americans in their tents. On another occasion at Clark Air Base, the Japanese, under cover of darkness, put time bombs on some of the aircraft. The bombs were discovered by the maintenance crews before they exploded.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Harrold Weldon. Weldon joined the Navy in 1943 and received basic training in San Diego. Upon completion, he was assigned as a coxswain to the USS Neville (APA-9) for the invasion of Saipan. He was transferred to the USS Brookings (APA-140), which was loaded with Marines in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. When the war ended, the Marines were delivered instead as occupational forces. Weldon was in Tokyo Bay for the signing of the surrender and visited both atomic bomb sites, noting in particular the devastation at Hiroshima. Weldon returned home and reenlisted for four years; he was discharged in 1949.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with David McFaddin. McFaddin was born in Mount Gilead, Ohio on 15 August 1922 into a family of eight children. In 1941 he was inducted into the Marine Corps and placed into the V-12 Navy College Training Program. He went to Paris Island, South Carolina for boot training in 1943 followed by advanced training at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He then attended Officer Candidate School at Quantico, Virginia for three months, graduating as a second lieutenant. He was ordered to San Diego where he boarded a troop ship to Guadalcanal. Upon his arrival, he was assigned to the 6th Marine Division. On 1 April 1945, he landed on Green Beach on Okinawa as a platoon leader assigned to Company B, 22nd Marine Regiment, 1st Battalion. He recalls being in the battle for Sugar Loaf Hill. He was wounded by shell fragments and was flown to Guam for treatment in the hospital. He tells a humorous story involving him and another patient, former football All-American Alex Agase. After McFaddin recovered, he rejoined his unit while it was preparing for the invasion of Japan. Soon after Japan surrendered, the 22nd Marines …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Joe Mason. Mason entered the Navy in September of 1944. He completed storekeeper school at Samson, New York. He trained and served on a PT boat throughout the war. They traveled to Samar, Philippines on 1 September 1945, which he describes his experiences. He was stationed at PT Base 17. The war was over by the time he traveled overseas. He discusses his time in Samar and witnessed the burning of the PT boats. He traveled to other Philippine Islands and was discharged in June of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Hawk Hawkins. Hawkins joined the Marine Corps in spring 1942. He was sent to radio school after boot camp. Hawkins then joined a replacement battalion and was assigned to the 1st Signal Company for a landing on Cape Glouster. Next Hawkins’ unit landed on Peleliu. He describes the battle and tells some stories from his experience. Hawkins was then sent to back to the States where he spent the remainder of the war working at a Marine Corps Supply Depot. He became a civilian employee for the Air Force after the war ended.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Charles Bast. Bast joined the Navy in January of 1942. He completed courses in seamanship, gunnery, navigation, and attended the Submarine Chaser Training Center in Miami. He was assigned to the USS Anoka (PC-571), of which he was a plank owner. He provides some details of this patrol craft. They were assigned to Port Townsend, Washington protecting the Bremerton Naval Base from enemy submarines. From the fall of 1942 to April of 1943 they were stationed in Alaska, participating in the Aleutian Island Campaigns. In January of 1944 he was assigned as Commanding Officer of the USS LST-677, which was converted into a supply ship and named the USS Yolo (APB-43). In April of 1945 they traveled with a convoy to Okinawa and provided supplies to hundreds of ships in the Philippine Sea. Bast describes the process of supplying these ships. He was discharged in November of 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with L D Cox. Cox joined the Navy in 1944 and served aboard the USS Indianapolis (CA-35). He was assigned to a deck division, and later the Navigation Division. He describes some of his job functions and life in general aboard the ship. In the spring of 1945 they launched an attack on Tokyo to cover the landings on Iwo Jima and participated in the Battle of Okinawa. He provides details of these events. They traveled back to the States for repairs. Cox then describes their secret mission of picking up the wooden box in San Francisco which carried parts for the Little Boy atomic bomb and delivering it to Tinian. En route from Guam to Leyte Gulf, in July of 1945, a Japanese submarine struck the Indianapolis with 2 torpedoes, and the ship sank within 12 minutes. Of the 1,197 crew members, Cox was one of the 317 who survived the sinking and five nights and four days in the Philippine Sea. He provides vivid details of this horrific event, his injuries and the court-martialing of Captain McVay. Cox was discharged in March of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Larry Delewski. Delewski joined the Navy around 1942. He attended gunnery school in Newport, Rhode Island and completed a program at the Naval Gun Factory for Advanced Hydraulics in Washington, D.C. In early 1944 he was then assigned to the USS Laffey (DD-724). He provides some details of the destroyer, including its weaponry. Delewski served as Mount Captain and was in charge of gun mount number three, located on the stern. They traveled to Normandy, France and were present for D-Day in June of 1944, supporting ground troops by firing over 1,000 rounds at targets including bridges, tanks and troop concentrations. They continued their support at Normandy through the Battle of Cherbourg. Upon receiving some damage to the ship, they traveled back to the United States. In late 1944 they traveled to the Philippines and participated in the Battle of Ormoc Bay. In April of 1945 they were involved in the Battle of Okinawa, where they were heavily attacked by Japanese kamikazes. He was discharged some time in 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Kirby Krause. Krause joined the Navy in September of 1943 and served aboard the USS Nevada (BB-36) in the 4th Division retrieving seaplanes out of the water. He vividly describes his work aboard the ship, including his work with fueling hoses. Krause goes into great detail of life aboard the ship including food, living quarters and overall morale amongst the men. The Nevada served as a convoy escort, providing fire support during the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Krause provides details of getting hit by a kamikaze during the Battle of Okinawa. He also shares the procedures for burial at sea for the men killed in action. In August of 1945 they were sent to Leyte Island for ship repairs. He was discharged around June of 1946.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Afton Keeton. Keeton joined the Navy in July of 1942. He completed Hospital Corps School and became a Pharmacist Mate. He first served aboard the USS Sea Dragon (SS-194). They patrolled the Aleutian Islands. He was then stationed at the Submarine Base in Pearl Harbor, working in a sick bay. He then served aboard the USS Apollo (AS-25) with a relief crew. He provides some detail of working aboard a submarine, serving as the Doc, living conditions and undergoing his own appendectomy aboard the Apollo. In early 1945 he was assigned for 1 year to serve at a submarine base in St. Thomas. He then served as hospital corpsman on the USS Clamagore (SS-343). Keeton also worked on sonar watch, radar watch and as a cook during his time in the Navy. He spent a total of 30 years in the Navy, retiring in February of 1972.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an interview with Jim Spriggs. Spriggs joined the Navy in August of 1943. Beginning February of 1944, he served as Machinist Mate Third-Class aboard the USS Laffey (DD-724). They provided support during the Invasion of Normandy and the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. During Okinawa, Spriggs worked in the engine room helping keep the ship afloat after significant kamikaze damage. He returned to the US and received his discharge in late 1945.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Lindsey Wilcox. Wilcox joined the Navy in November 1942 and received training on Treasure Island as a machinist. He was assigned briefly to the Aleutian Islands before boarding USS Indianapolis (CA-35) as a fireman, first class. He describes the Indianapolis as a beautiful ship, complete with ice cream parlor and shops. He was aboard the Indianapolis from Tarawa through Okinawa and saw components of the atomic bomb loaded aboard ship, although he didn’t know at the time what they were. While traveling from Guam to Leyte, the Indianapolis was sunk by a torpedo. Wilcox survived close encounters with sharks during the four days he waited for rescue. He was taken by USS Bassett (APD-73) to a hospital in Guam. Wilcox returned home and joined the inactive reserve. He was honorably discharged in 1951. Later in life he came to know Captain McVay personally. Although McVay was subjected to court-martial for losing the Indianapolis, Wilcox maintains that McVay was an excellent captain and an honorable person.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Max P. Shambaugh. Born in Ft. Wayne, Indiana 16 June 1922, Shambaugh joined the US Army Air Corps in February, 1941. After completing basic training at Keesler Field, Mississippi he was accepted into pilot training. He went to Dickerson College at Carlisle, Pennsylvania for preliminary training. He was then sent to Albany, Georgia where he began basic flight training under the leadership of civilian instructors. He tells of the various bases where he took training and of the type of aircraft he flew. Upon graduating from twin engine school at Columbus, Mississippi he received his wings, was commissioned a second lieutenant and sent to Columbus, Ohio for transition training in a B-17. Completing the advanced training he went to Lincoln, Nebraska to pick up a new B-17 and the assigned crew. They went to Pyote, Texas for crew training. In July 1944 they went by ship to Brighton, England where they were assigned to the 91st Bomb Group, 323nd Bomb Squadron. Shambaugh flew thirty-five before he was shot down. Encountering heavy flak and with the plane damaged, the crew, of which seven were wounded, bailed out. He crash …

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Donald Carlson. Carlson joined the Marines in 1943 and received machine gun training at Camp Elliot. Upon completion, he was assigned to the 8th Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division, at Camp Paekakariki. At the invasion of Tarawa, two Marines in Carlson’s Higgins boat were shot. Wading in from a distance due to low tide, they faced opposition from snipers on the pier. The following morning, his unit attacked a Japanese bunker with flamethrowers. Carlson was tasked with picking off enemies as they fled. A mortar exploded behind him, killing two men and leaving Carlson shell-shocked. He was sent to the hospital in San Diego for treatment. Upon his recovery, he was reassigned to CINCPAC Headquarters, where he served as a guard until the end of the war.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Jack Matthews. Matthews was born in Houston, Texas in 1925. Soon after graduating from high school, he joined the US Merchant Marine. In October 1943 he was sent to Pass Christian, Mississippi to begin three months of engineer training. After completing the course he was assigned to a US T2 tanker whose mission was to carry fuel oil for naval ships in the Pacific. His ship ran aground at New Guinea. Unable to be freed by other means, the ship was forced to transfer its cargo of fuel oil to another tanker thus allowing the ship to float free. Later his ship was sent to refuel the USS Boise CL-47). After being at sea for eight months, Matthews returned to the United States and attended the United States Merchant Marine Academy, graduating with a commission.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Ed Knipper. Knipper joined the Army Air Forces in 1942. He earned his wings in June 1944 and began training in B-17s and B-29s. After deploying to Guam in February 1945, he joined the 3rd Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, whose missions included dropping propaganda leaflets. Knipper transferred to the 499th Bomb Group at Saipan. After Iwo Jima was secured, Knipper flew bombing missions over Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo. Following the Japanese surrender, Knipper flew humanitarian missions over POW camps, dropping food, clothing and medical supplies. He was discharged into the Reserves and earned his Master's Degree on the GI Bill.