Incentives and the siting of radioactive waste facilities (open access)

Incentives and the siting of radioactive waste facilities

The importance of social and institutional issues in the siting of nuclear waste facilities has been recognized in recent years. Limited evidence from a survey of rural Wisconsin residents in 1980 indicates that incentives may help achieve the twin goals of increasing local support and decreasing local opposition to hosting nuclear waste facilities. Incentives are classified according to functional categories (i.e., mitigation, compensation, and reward) and the conditions which may be prerequisites to the use of incentives are outlined (i.e., guarantee of public health and safety, some measure of local control, and a legitimation of negotiations during siting). Criteria for evaluating the utility of incentives in nuclear waste repository siting are developed. Incentive packages may be more useful than single incentives, and nonmonetary incentives, such as independent monitoring and access to credible information, may be as important in eliciting support as monetary incentives. Without careful attention to prerequisites in the siting process it is not likely that incentives will facilitate the siting process.
Date: August 1, 1982
Creator: Carnes, S. A.; Copenhaver, E. D.; Reed, J. H.; Soderstrom, E. J.; Sorensen, J. H.; Peelle, E. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solar Energy System Performance Evaluation: seasonal report for Wormser, Columbia, South Carolina (open access)

Solar Energy System Performance Evaluation: seasonal report for Wormser, Columbia, South Carolina

The Wormser Solar Energy System located in a four unit townhouse apartment (5400 square feet) in Columbia, South Carolina was designed to provide 50% of the hot water and 70% of the space heating by the Wormser Scientific Corporation, Stamford, Connecticut. The Solar Energy System consists of 266 ft/sup 2/ of pyramidal optics, flat-plate liquid collectors, a solar window area of 1152 ft/sup 2/, a 2500 gallon thermal water storage tank, an energy transport system (water), heat exchangers, pumps, controls and four domestic hot water (DHW) tanks. Electrical elements in each domestic hot water tank provide necessary auxiliary energy for hot water. Four multifunctional heat pumps, supplied with solar heated water provide space heating energy to the apartments, collector freeze protection is provided through the location of the collectors inside the attic. The system with six modes of operation became oprational in February 1978. The following topics are discussed: system description, performance assessment, operating energy, energy savings, maintenance, summary and conclusions.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Production of K$sup +$K$sup -$ and p anti-p Pairs in Four-Body Reactions at 13.1 GeV/C (open access)

Production of K$sup +$K$sup -$ and p anti-p Pairs in Four-Body Reactions at 13.1 GeV/C

None
Date: August 31, 1971
Creator: Gaidos, J. A.; Mulera, T. A.; Ezell, C.R.; Lamsa, J.W. & Willmann, R.B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
LOADING AND ELUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ZEOLITES (open access)

LOADING AND ELUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC ZEOLITES

The cation exchange characteristics of several commercially available zeolites were evaluated, Equilibrium loading characteristics and exchange capacities were determined experimentally in the binary systems cesium-lithium, cesium-- sodium, cesium--potassium, cesium-Tubidium, cesium -- hydrogen, cesium-- ammonium, strontium-- magnesium, strontium-- calcium, strontium-- barium, and strontium-- hydrogen for several zeolites. Exchangeable cation fractions in the equilibrium solutions were varied from 0.2 to 0.00001, while the total normality of the system constituents was held constant. Results were plotted as equivalent fraction of the traced cation on the zeolite at equilibrium vs. the fraction of traced cation remaining in the equilibrium solution. If an influent composition is known, and falls in the system listed above, zeolite column loading may be read directly in univalent-univalent or divalent-divalent systems. However, in the strontium-sodium or strontium-- hydrogen systems, a k value must be used because squared terms appear in the equilibrium expression as follows: 2 Na- zeolite plus or minus Sr-solution in equilibrium 2 Nasolution + Sr-zeolite, or k = (Sr-zeolite)(Na-solution)/ (Na-zeolite)2(Sr-solution). The k for a given cation is a function of zeolite loading with that cation. Several column 50% loading capacities were determined to randomly test the validity of the above curves to predict column capacities, Several columns …
Date: August 10, 1962
Creator: Ames, L.L. Jr. & Knoll, K.C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Access control system for ISABELLE (open access)

Access control system for ISABELLE

An access system based on the one now in operation at the CERN ISR is recommended. Access doors would presumably be located at the entrances to the utility tunnels connecting the support buildings with the ring. Persons requesting access would insert an identity card into a scanner to activate the system. The request would be autologged, the keybank adjacent to the door would be unlocked and ISABELLE operations would be notified. The operator would then select the door, activating a TV-audio link. The person requesting entry would draw a key from the bank, show it and his film badge to the operator who would enable the door release.
Date: August 17, 1977
Creator: Potter, K. & Littenberg, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Report of Group II-2: Running at ISA (open access)

Report of Group II-2: Running at ISA

A discussion is given of the anticipated operating conditions at the ISABELLE storage rings. Communications between experimental and control areas are considered, and beam luminosity monitoring is discussed. Running conditions and expected problems are outlined. (PMA)
Date: August 4, 1977
Creator: Chen, M.; Herrera, J. C.; Littenberg, L.; Thorndike, A.; Ogren, H.; Potter, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Methods and Techniques of Fallout Studies Using a Particulate Simulant (open access)

Methods and Techniques of Fallout Studies Using a Particulate Simulant

The fallout hazard and protection factors in current use for large groups of buildings, i.e., urban residential areas, business districts, industrial complexes, government centers, Atomic Energy Commission facilities, and academic and medical institutions, are largely unsubstantiated by experimental evidence. These data are important for personnel protection on a national basis in the event of war and on a local basis in the event of certain types of nuclear accidents. The need for such information is discussed and methods for obtaining it are suggested. The methods suggested should provide a cross check of the data obtained on isolated structures under actual fallout conditions with the data from studies that made use of methods such as distributed point sources and a moving single-point source (as used in the Mobile Radiological Measurement Unit, Civil Effects Test Operations) to simulate actual fallout fields and with data from other studies in which predicted values of fallout protection were calculated from strictiy theoretical considerations. (auth)
Date: August 1, 1960
Creator: Lee, W. & Borella, H.M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Exact integrability in quantum field theory (open access)

Exact integrability in quantum field theory

The treatment of exactly integrable systems in various branches of two-dimensional classical and quantum physics has recently been placed in a unified framework by the development of the quantum inverse method. This method consolidates a broad range of developments in classical nonlinear wave (soliton) physics, statistical mechanics, and quantum field theory. The essential technique for analyzing exactly integrable quantum systems was invested by Bethe in 1931. The quantum-mechanical extension of the inverse scattering method and its relationship to the methods associated with Bethe's ansatz are examined here. (RWR)
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Thacker, H.B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Remote Plastic Bag Passout Unit for High-Level Radiochemical Operations (open access)

Remote Plastic Bag Passout Unit for High-Level Radiochemical Operations

A system is designed for making remote sealed-bag passouts from a multicurie-level chemistry processing enclosure. The polyethylene bags are changed remotely without exposing contaminated surfaces while always maintaining a low leak rate seal. The system employs an interchange box (passout box) attached to the chemistry enclosure. Integrated with the box is a hydraulically operated jack that raises and lowers the bags, and a welder-cutter for sealing them. A single master-slave manipulator teamed with the above units handles all operations. (auth)
Date: August 1, 1961
Creator: Fleischer, E. S.; Parsons, T. C. & Howe, P. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Implementation of a hidden line and surface algorithm (open access)

Implementation of a hidden line and surface algorithm

The implementation of a 3-dimensional hidden line and surface algorithm discussed by Hamlin and Gear (NASA Langley Research Report 77-1) is described, and its advantages and disadvantages are examined. This algorithm is organized so that data can be preprocessed to speed display computations and so that the display is generated in a form suitable for a raster scan, refresh display. The version of the program described here is a hidden-line program, but the underlying algorithm is the same for both. 11 figures, 3 tables.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Schweitzer, M.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A sendmail. cf scheme for a large network (open access)

A sendmail. cf scheme for a large network

Like most large networked sites our users depend heavily on the electronic mail system for both internal and off-site communications. Unfortunately the sendmail.cf file, which is used to control the behavior of the sendmail program, is somewhat cryptic and difficult to decipher for the neophyte. So, on one hand you have a highly visible, frequently used utility, and on the other hand a not-so-easily acquired system administration forte. Here is the sendmail topology of our site, what premises we based it on, and the parts of the sendmail.cf files which support the topology.
Date: August 14, 1991
Creator: Darmohray, T.M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Quarterly Technical Report on Spert Project, January-March 1962 (open access)

Quarterly Technical Report on Spert Project, January-March 1962

None
Date: August 10, 1962
Creator: Schroeder, F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Time and space dependency of radiative transfer in magnesium (open access)

Time and space dependency of radiative transfer in magnesium

Radiative transfer in a magnesium vapor has been studied. The experimental cell was designed to provide stable density measurements with a ..delta..lambda/sup -2/ variation with respect to the magnesium resonance line, which indicated pure Rayleigh scattering and no evidence of impurities. Total intensity measurements show the radiation field to be highly anisotropic, although somewhat less at late times. 8 refs., 7 figs. (WRF).
Date: August 1, 1986
Creator: Cooper, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radicals in Irradiated Crystals Studied by ESR Spectroscopy. Technical Report, January 1--December 31, 1967 (open access)

Radicals in Irradiated Crystals Studied by ESR Spectroscopy. Technical Report, January 1--December 31, 1967

None
Date: August 31, 1968
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
X-Y spacial distribution experiments with Parmela or, what I did on my summer vacation (open access)

X-Y spacial distribution experiments with Parmela or, what I did on my summer vacation

Experiments using the Parmela simulation program predict that the potentially uneven spacial distributions in the electron beam generated by laser emission from the photo cathode gun has no appreciable effect on the beam outcome when compared to a the more uniform thermionic gun. 23 figs., 4 tabs.
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Houston, J.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accommodation project for physically restricted personnel. Phase II. Low back project (open access)

Accommodation project for physically restricted personnel. Phase II. Low back project

This report presents a course outline and its associated criteria for a Back Pain Prevention Program for Sandia National Laboratories.
Date: August 1, 1982
Creator: Young, L. L. & Mossman, P. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dimensional Behavior of the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuel Element at Elevated Temperatures (open access)

Dimensional Behavior of the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuel Element at Elevated Temperatures

The Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor (EGCR) fuel assemblies consist of a cluster of seven fuel elements contained in a graphite sleeve. Each element is composed of hollow cylindrical UO/sub 2/ pellets encapsulated in a type 304 stainless steel tube. The dimensional behavior of the fuel element was determined in an apparatus which simulated the thermal conditions predicted for the EGCR. Particular emphasis was placed on determining the relationship between the fuel temperature and axial expansion, the radial expansion characteristics of the fuel, the effect of cladding and fuel interaction on heating and subsequent cooling, the effect of rapid temperature excursions on the degradation of the fuel, and accumulative effects in the fuel element due to thermal cycling. An element that contains a radial gap between the cladding and the fuel pellet was found to respond to thermal cycling in the same manner that the individual components would react if subjected to the same thermal conditions and tested separately. Both the axial and radial expansion of the fuel pellet are very nearly a function of the maximum central temperature. The axial expansion of the fuel pellet column can be reduced appreciably at elevated temperatures by "dishing" the ends of the pellets. The …
Date: August 1, 1961
Creator: Martin, W. R. & Weir, J. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy from true in situ processing of Antrim Shale: extraction trials in an explosively fractured site (open access)

Energy from true in situ processing of Antrim Shale: extraction trials in an explosively fractured site

Three in situ energy extraction trials were conducted at The Dow Chemical Company's oil shale site, in Michigan's Sanilac County, near the town of Peck. Here the Antrim shale layer occurs between 1200 and 1400 feet underground. The trials began on October 14, 1979, and ended on April 1, 1980. The three trials, lasting 7, 60 and 17 days respectively, were conducted in a formation prepared by explosive fracturing. Ignition energy was generated with a methane burner. Some energy in the form of a dilute fuel gas (5 to 50 btu/scf) was recovered in each trial but upon ignition drastic decreases in flow communication occurred between injection and production wells. That problem prevented the planned exploration of techniques which would raise the energy value of the production gas. Upon cool down of the formation after each trial, air permeability tests showed inter-well communication levels returning to near preburn levels. Thermal expansion is the most likely cause of the reduced permeability experienced under retorting conditions.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: VanDerPloeg, M.L.; Peil, C.A.; Kinkel, C.G.; Pihlaja, R.K.; Murdick, D.A.; Frost, J.R. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NDA technology for uranium resource evaluation. Progress report July 1-December 31, 1979. [Gamma spectra calculations; field prototype photoneutron logging probe] (open access)

NDA technology for uranium resource evaluation. Progress report July 1-December 31, 1979. [Gamma spectra calculations; field prototype photoneutron logging probe]

This report describes work performed during the time period from July 1, 1979 to December 31, 1979, on the contract for Nondestructive Nuclear Analysis (NDA) Technology for Uranium Resource Evaluation in Group Q-1. Calculational effort was focused on improving the accuracy with which detector response function maps can be generated for subsequent enfolding with ONETRAN angular flux data. Experimental effort was highlighted by a field test of the prototype photoneutron logging probe at the Grand Junction DOE calibration facility. The probe demonstrated adequate durability in the field and sufficient sensitivity to uranium to function at competitive logging speeds.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Evans, M.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Site insolation and wind power characteristics: technical report western region (north section) (open access)

Site insolation and wind power characteristics: technical report western region (north section)

This phase of the Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics Study was performed to provide statistical information on the expected future availability of solar and wind power at various sites in the Western Region (North Section) of the US Historic data (SOLMET), at 21 National Weather Service stations with hourly solar insolation and collateral meteorological information, were interrogated to provide an estimate of future trends. Solar data are global radiation incident on a horizontal surface, and wind data represent wind power normal to the air flow. Selected insolation and wind power conditions were investigated for their occurrence and persistence, for defined periods of time, on a monthly basis. Global horizontal insolation is related to inclined surfaces at each site. Ratios are provided, monthly, for multiplying global insolation to obtain insolation estimates on south-facing surfaces inclined at different angles with respect to the horizontal. Also, joint probability distribution tables are constructed showing the number of occurrences, out of a finite sample size, of daily average solar and wind power within selected intervals, by month. Information of this nature is intended as an aid to preliminary planning activities for the design and operation of solar and wind energy utilization and conversion systems.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Georgetown University atmospheric fluidized bed boiler cogeneration system (open access)

Georgetown University atmospheric fluidized bed boiler cogeneration system

This report presents the results of one year of operation of the cogeneration system capability of the Georgetown University coal- fired, atmospheric fluidized-bed (AFB) boiler. The AFB was designed and installed under a separate contract with the US Department of Energy. The AFB project funded by DOE to demonstrate that high sulfur coal could be burned in an environmentally acceptable manner in a urban environment such as Georgetown. In addition, operational data from the unit would assist the industry in moving directly into design and construction of commercially warranted industrial size AFB boilers. 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Podbielski, V. & Shaff, D.P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Photoemission from solids: the transition from solid-state to atomic physics (open access)

Photoemission from solids: the transition from solid-state to atomic physics

As the photon energy is increased, photoemission from solids undergoes a slow transition from solid-state to atomic behavior. However, throughout the energy range h..nu.. = 10 to 1000 eV or higher both types of phenomena are present. Thus angle-resolved photoemission can only be understood quantitatively if each experimenter recognizes the presence of band-structure, photoelectron diffraction, and photoelectron asymmetry effects. The quest for this understanding will build some interesting bridges between solid-state and atomic physics and should also yield important new insights about the phenomena associated with photoemission.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Shirley, D.A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Injection Monitoring Project. Phase I status report, April 1981-April 1982 (open access)

Geothermal Injection Monitoring Project. Phase I status report, April 1981-April 1982

The feasibility of using remote geophysical techniques to monitor the movement of injected brine has been evaluated. It was established that no single approach is likely to be identified that can be used to accurately monitor the precise location of the injected fluid. Several approaches have been considered in parallel because they add new dimensions to the existing monitoring capabilities, and are likely to cover a range of applications at a variety of geothermal sites. These include: microseismicity - a seismic net is used to record small magnitude events associated with injection; streaming potential - self potential anomalies produced by a moving fluid identify fluid flow direction; cross borehole geotomography - two-dimensional image of flow pathways is constructed using electromagnetic waves; and well pressure response to solid earth tide - changes in pore pressures are used to discriminate fracture/pore porosity and estimate fracture orientations.
Date: August 13, 1982
Creator: Younker, L.; Hanson, J.; Didwall, E.; Kasameyer, P.; Smith, A.; Hearst, J. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Site insolation and wind power characteristics: technical report western region (south section) (open access)

Site insolation and wind power characteristics: technical report western region (south section)

This phase of the Site Insolation and Wind Power Characteristics Study was performed to provide statistical information on the expected future availability of solar and wind power at various sites in the Western Region (South Section) of the US Historic data (SOLMET), at 22 National Weather Service stations with hourly solar insolation and collateral meteorological information, were interrogated to provide an estimate of future trends. Solar data are global radiation incident on a horizontal surface, and wind data represent wind power normal to the air flow. Selected insolation and wind power conditions were investigated for their occurrence and persistence, for defined periods of time, on a monthly basis. Global horizontal insolation is related to inclined surfaces at each site. Ratios are provided, monthly, for multiplying global insolation to obtain insolation estimates on south-facing surfaces inclined at different angles with respect to the horizontal. Also, joint probability distribution tables are constructed showing the number of occurrences, out of a finite sample size, of daily average solar and wind power within selected intervals, by month. Information of this nature is intended as an aid to preliminary planning activities for the design and operation of solar and wind energy utilization and conversion systems.
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library